The Collective Identities of Central Europeans in the Shadow of War, 2022–2025

doi: 10.32559/et.2025.1.1

Abstract

War affects most seriously both personal and collective attachments. The ongoing Russian–Ukrainian war poses a direct security threat to the European Union and its citizens, and also has a significant impact on the EU’s economy, politics and society. The ongoing challenges to peace and stability in Europe are prompting a re-evaluation of national, regional, and European identities among EU citizens. The study focuses on the Visegrád countries – Hungary, Slovakia, Poland and the Chech Republic – where historical heritage, experiences as EU Member States over the past twenty years, and proximity to conflict have shaped distinct identity dynamics. Utilising a comparative approach informed by public opinion survey data, we are tracking the transformation
of collective identities in the period 2022–2025, capturing long-term trends and the effects of the war in Ukraine. What can we learn about the collective identity of EU citizens in the region? Has the war brought citizens closer to, or further away from the European Union? This study aims to present this dual dynamic and highlight the constantly changing interaction between national and European identity in a region that is geographically close to the war and located at the crossroads of historical memory and contemporary geopolitical turbulence.

Keywords:

European identity collective identity European Union Visegrád countries Russian–Ukrainian war Central Europe

References

ANDERSON, Benedict (1991): Imagined Communities. Reflections on the Origin and Spread of Nationalism. Revised Edition. London: Verso.

ARATÓ Krisztina – KOLLER Boglárka (2019): Magyarország az Európai Unió intézményeiben – az Európai Unió Magyarországon. In ARATÓ Krisztina – KOLLER Boglárka (szerk.): Az Európai Unió politikai rendszere. Budapest: Dialóg Campus Kiadó, 209–236.

BAR-TAL, Daniel (2000): Shared in a Society: Social Psychological Analysis. Thousand Oaks CA: Sage.

BÖRZEL, Tanja A. (1999): Towards Convergence in Europe? Institutional Adaptation to Europeanization in Germany and Spain. Journal of Common Market Studies, 37(4), 573–596. Online: https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-5965.00197

BRIX, Emil – BUSEK, Erhard (2019): Közép-Európa újragondolása. Miért Közép-Európában dől el Európa jövője? Kőszeg: Felsőbbfokú Tanulmányok Intézete.

BRUBAKER, Rogers (1996): Nationalism Reframed. Nationhood and the National Question in the New Europe. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Online: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511558764

CALHOUN, Craig et al. (2015): Modern Social Imaginaries: A Conversation. Social Imaginaries, 1(1), 189–224. Online: https://doi.org/10.5840/si20151112

CAPORASO, James A. (2008): The Three World of Regional Integration Theory. In GRAZIANO, Paolo R. – VINK, Maarten Peter (szerk.): Europeanization: New Research Agendas. London: Palgrave Macmillan, 23–34. Online: https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230584525_2

DIÓSZEGI István (1991): A nemzetek Európája. In SOMOGYI Éva (szerk.): Polgárosodás Közép-Európában. Tanulmányok Hanák Péter 70. születésnapjára. Budapest: MTA Történettudományi Intézet, 131–142.

European Commission (2021): Standard Eurobarometer 95 – Spring 2021. Online: https://europa.eu/eurobarometer/surveys/detail/2532

European Commission (2021–2022): Standard Eurobarometer 96 – Winter 2021-2022. Online: https://europa.eu/eurobarometer/surveys/detail/2553

European Commission (2022): Standard Eurobarometer 97 – Summer 2022. Online: https://europa.eu/eurobarometer/surveys/detail/2693

European Commission (2022–2023): Standard Eurobarometer 98 – Winter 2022-2023. Online: https://europa.eu/eurobarometer/surveys/detail/2872

European Commission (2023a): Standard Eurobarometer 99 – Spring 2023. Online: https://europa.eu/eurobarometer/surveys/detail/3052

European Commission (2023b): Standard Eurobarometer 100 – Autumn 2023. Online: https://europa.eu/eurobarometer/surveys/detail/3053

European Commission (2024): Standard Eurobarometer 101 – Spring 2024. Online: https://europa.eu/eurobarometer/surveys/detail/3216

European Commission (2024): Standard Eurobarometer Standard 102 –Autumn 2024. Online: https://europa.eu/eurobarometer/surveys/detail/3215

European Commission (2025): Standard Eurobarometer 103 – Spring 2025. Online: https://europa.eu/eurobarometer/surveys/detail/3372

FOSSEN, Thomas (2019): Constructivism and the Logic of Political Representation. American Political Science Review, 113(3), 824–837. Online: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0003055419000273

FUKUYAMA, Francis (2018): Identity. Contemporary Identity Politics and the Struggle for Recognition. London: Profile Books.

GEERTZ, Clifford (1973): The Interpretation of Cultures. New York: Basic Books.

HANÁK Péter (1997): A nemzeti identitás konstrukciója. Európai Szemle, 8(3), 63–68.

HOBSBAWM, Eric – RANGER, Terence (1983): Invention of Tradition. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

KOLLER Boglárka (2003): A poszt-nemzeti identitás-struktúra dinamikus modellje az európai uniós állampolgárok azonosságtudatának vizsgálata alapján. PhD-értekezés. Budapest: Budapesti Corvinus Egyetem.

KOLLER Boglárka (2006): Nemzet, identitás és politika Európában. Budapest: L’Harmattan Kiadó – Zsigmond Király Főiskola.

KOLLER Boglárka (2011). Trajectories of identity formation in the post-enlargement era: The Hungarian example. Jagiellońskie Forum Europejskie, (20), 7–29.

KOLLER Boglárka (2016). Identity patterns in East-Central Europe in a comparative perspective. Journal of Comparative Politics, 9(2), 85–98.

KOLLER Boglárka (2019a): Az európaizáció konceptuális és elméleti kérdései, különös tekintettel a Nyugat-Balkánra. In KOLLER Boglárka – ÖRDÖGH Tibor (szerk.): Európaizáció a Nyugat-Balkánon. Budapest: Dialóg Campus Kiadó, 15–29.

KOLLER Boglárka (2019b): Európai uniós polgárok mint a politikai rendszer szereplői. In ARATÓ Krisztina – KOLLER Boglárka (szerk.): Az Európai Unió politikai rendszere. Budapest: Dialóg Campus Kiadó, 173–184.

KOLLER Boglárka (2021): Politikai unió vagy nemzetek Európája? A millió dolláros kérdés margójára. Európai Tükör, 24(3), 5–32. Online: https://doi.org/10.32559/et.2021.3.1

KOLLER Boglárka (2022): „Vágyódás az elismerésre” – Az identitás mint a 21. század társadalomtudományi elemzéseinek kulcsfogalma. In KOLTAY András – GELLÉR Balázs (szerk.): Jó kormányzás és büntetőjog. Ünnepi tanulmányok Kis Norbert egyetemi tanár 50. születésnapjára. Budapest: Ludovika Egyetemi Kiadó, 365–375. Online: https://doi.org/10.36250/01062_26

LADRECH, Robert (1994): Europeanization of Domestic Politics and Institutions: The Case of France. Journal of Common Market Studies, 32(1), 69–88. Online: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-5965.1994.tb00485.x

MEINECKE, Friedrich (1969) [1908: Weltbürgertum und Nationalstaat. Studien zu der Genesis des deutschen Nationalstaates. München: Oldenburg Verlag.

ÖRKÉNY, Antal (2005): Hungarian National Identity: Old and New Challenges. International Journal of Sociology, 35(4), 28–48, Online: https://doi.org/10.2753/IJS0020-7659350402

PATAKI Ferenc (1987): Identitás, személyiség, társadalom. Az identitáselmélet vitatott kérdései. Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó.

RADAELLI, Claudio M. (2003): The Europeanization of Public Policy. In FEATHERSTONE, Kevin – RADAELLI, Claudio M.: The Politics of Europeanization. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 27–56. Online: https://doi.org/10.1093/0199252092.003.0002

RISSE, Thomas (2005): Neofunctionalism, European Identity, and the Puzzles of European Integration. Journal of European Public Policy, 12(2), 291–309. Online: https://doi.org/10.1080/13501760500044033

SALAZAR, Jose Miguel (1998): Social Identity and National Identity. In WORCHEL, Stephen et al.: Social Identity. London: Sage Publications. Online: https://doi.org/10.4135/9781446279205.n8

SARBIN, Theodore R. – SCHEIBE, Karl E. (1983): A Model of Social Identity. In SARBIN, Theodore R. – SCHEIBE, Karl E. (szerk.): Studies in Social Identity. New York: Praeger, 5–30.

SAWARD, Michael (2010): The Representative Claim. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Online: https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199579389.001.0001

SAWARD, Michael (2020): Making Representations: Claim, Counterclaim, and the Politics of Acting for Others. London: ECPR Press – Rowman & Littlefield International.

SMITH, Anthony D. (1986): The Ethnic Origins of Nations. Oxford: Blackwell.

SMITH, Anthony D. (1991): National Identity. London: Penguin Books.

SMITH, Eliot R. – Mackie, Diane M. (2004): Szociálpszichológia. Budapest: Osiris Kiadó.

VAN DEN BERGHE, Pierre (1978): Race and Ethnicity: A Sociobiological Perspective. Ethnic and Racial Studies, 1(4), 401–411. Online: https://doi.org/10.1080/01419870.1978.9993241

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Similar Articles

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 > >> 

You may also start an advanced similarity search for this article.