Full Issue
Hadművészet
The Role of the Joint Army in the Long-term EU Budget for 2021–2027 after Brexit
The European Committee promoted a suggestion on 30 November 2016 for the foundation of the European Defence Fund (EDF) as a part of the European Defence Action Plan (EDAP). The reason for the new proposal was the hitherto measured lowest defence expense level of the Member States in 2015 (GDP 1.4%) as well as the recognition of the hiatus of the estimated sum of 13 billion EUR being invested for a decade in defence purposes in reflection to the fact that both the USA, Russia and China have been ambitiously improving their defence capacities in the meantime. In June 2017, the bill for the establishment of the European Defence Fund found acceptance. As a result, the program appears without precedent in the budget of the interval between 2021 and 2027. Until the final decision of the Multiannual Financial Framework (MFF), the conclusion applies that the Union no longer wishes to take part in the unfolding new arms race and has therefore downplayed its ambitious plans.
" ["hu_HU"]=> string(1216) "2018. június 13-án az Európai Bizottság javaslatot tett az Európai Védelmi Alap (EDF) létrehozására, amely kerettervezetet az Európai Védelmi Cselekvési Terv (European Defence Action Plan, EDAP)3 részeként jelentettek be. A javaslattétel hátterében a tagállamok védelmi kiadásainak 2015. évi rekordalacsony szintje (a GDP 1,4%-ára csökkentek), valamint az egy évtizede tartó, évi 2 milliárd euróra becsült védelmi célú tagállami ráfordítások elmaradásának felismerése állt, annak tükrében, hogy mindeközben az Egyesült Államok, Kína és Oroszország ambiciózusan tovább fejlesztették védelmi képességeiket. 2017 júniusában az EDF létrehozásának javaslatát elfogadták, ezzel pedig előzmények nélküli, új programként megjelent a 2021–2027 közötti időszakra szóló hosszú távú uniós költségvetésben. Az Európai Unió többéves pénzügyi keretére (MFF)6 vonatkozó végleges döntés elfogadásáig a tárgyalási javaslatok alapján arra lehet következtetni, hogy a kibontakozó új fegyverkezési versenyben az Unió – az ambiciózusan tervezett védelmi kiadásainak közel megfelezésével – már nem kíván részt venni.
" } ["title"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(82) "The Role of the Joint Army in the Long-term EU Budget for 2021–2027 after Brexit" ["hu_HU"]=> string(73) "A közös haderő helye a brexit utáni 2021–2027-es költségvetésben" } ["copyrightHolder"]=> array(1) { ["hu_HU"]=> string(14) "Nyerges Tímea" } ["locale"]=> string(5) "hu_HU" ["authors"]=> array(1) { [0]=> object(Author)#755 (6) { ["_data"]=> array(15) { ["id"]=> int(4168) ["email"]=> string(19) "alaszka@hotmail.com" ["includeInBrowse"]=> bool(true) ["publicationId"]=> int(3663) ["seq"]=> int(1) ["userGroupId"]=> int(133) ["country"]=> string(2) "HU" ["orcid"]=> string(37) "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6595-8207" ["url"]=> string(54) "https://www.kormany.hu/hu/nemzetgazdasagi-miniszterium" ["affiliation"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(7) "NKE HDI" ["hu_HU"]=> string(10) "+363079667" } ["biography"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(95) "Ministry of Finance
EU Budget Relations Department
key EU budget Analyst
" ["hu_HU"]=> string(124) "Pénzügyminiszérium
EU Költségvetési Kapcsolatok Főosztály
EU kiemelt költségvetési elemző
" } ["familyName"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(7) "Nyerges" ["hu_HU"]=> string(7) "Nyerges" } ["givenName"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(6) "Tímea" ["hu_HU"]=> string(6) "Tímea" } ["preferredPublicName"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" ["hu_HU"]=> string(0) "" } ["submissionLocale"]=> string(5) "hu_HU" } ["_hasLoadableAdapters"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataExtractionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_extractionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataInjectionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_injectionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) } } ["keywords"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> array(3) { [0]=> string(15) "defence economy" [1]=> string(21) "European Defence Fund" [2]=> string(15) "MFF negotiation" } ["hu_HU"]=> array(3) { [0]=> string(17) "védelemgazdaság" [1]=> string(22) "Európai Védelmi Alap" [2]=> string(15) "MFF-tárgyalás" } } ["subjects"]=> array(0) { } ["disciplines"]=> array(0) { } ["languages"]=> array(0) { } ["supportingAgencies"]=> array(0) { } ["galleys"]=> array(1) { [0]=> object(ArticleGalley)#732 (7) { ["_submissionFile"]=> NULL ["_data"]=> array(9) { ["submissionFileId"]=> int(25852) ["id"]=> int(5198) ["isApproved"]=> bool(false) ["locale"]=> string(5) "hu_HU" ["label"]=> string(3) "PDF" ["publicationId"]=> int(3663) ["seq"]=> int(0) ["urlPath"]=> string(0) "" ["urlRemote"]=> string(0) "" } ["_hasLoadableAdapters"]=> bool(true) ["_metadataExtractionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_extractionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataInjectionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_injectionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) } } } ["_hasLoadableAdapters"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataExtractionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_extractionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataInjectionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_injectionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) }Biztonságpolitika
The Mass Migration Crisis and the Connection between the Law Enforcement and the Military
The central topic of the study is the phenomenon of migration. Following the conceptual demarcations, I present the process of the crisis caused by mass migration in Europe in 2015, and briefly describe the reasons for its origins. I outline the most important crises between 2015 and 2022, which had a stimulating effect on migration
processes to our continent. In the second half of the paper, I argue that effective cooperation between the law enforcement and the military is of crucial importance in addressing the dynamically changing environment created by migration.
A tanulmány központi témája a migráció jelensége. A fogalmi elhatárolásokat követően bemutatom a 2015-ös európai tömeges migráció okozta válság folyamatát, röviden ismertetem az annak kialakulásához vezető okokat. Vázolom a 2015 és 2022 között eltelt időszak legfontosabb válságait, amelyeknek ösztönző hatása volt a kontinensünkre irányuló migrációs folyamatokra. Az írás második felében amellett érvelek, hogy a migráció hatására kialakuló, dinamikusan változó környezet kezelésében a rendészeti és honvédelmi hivatásrend közötti hatékony együttműködésnek kiemelt jelentősége van.
" } ["title"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(89) "The Mass Migration Crisis and the Connection between the Law Enforcement and the Military" ["hu_HU"]=> string(84) "A tömeges migrációs válság, valamint a rendészet és a honvédelem kapcsolata " } ["copyrightHolder"]=> array(1) { ["hu_HU"]=> string(15) "Bertalan Dávid" } ["locale"]=> string(5) "hu_HU" ["authors"]=> array(1) { [0]=> object(Author)#708 (6) { ["_data"]=> array(14) { ["id"]=> int(7745) ["email"]=> string(17) "vido288@gmail.com" ["includeInBrowse"]=> bool(true) ["publicationId"]=> int(6287) ["seq"]=> int(1) ["userGroupId"]=> int(133) ["country"]=> string(2) "HU" ["orcid"]=> string(37) "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6601-1974" ["url"]=> string(0) "" ["affiliation"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(76) "National University of Public Service, Doctoral School of Military Sciences" ["hu_HU"]=> string(60) "Nemzeti Közszolgálati Egyetem Hadtudományi Doktori Iskola" } ["biography"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(18) "PhD Student
" ["hu_HU"]=> string(19) "Doktorandusz
" } ["familyName"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(8) "Bertalan" ["hu_HU"]=> string(8) "Bertalan" } ["givenName"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(6) "Dávid" ["hu_HU"]=> string(6) "Dávid" } ["submissionLocale"]=> string(5) "hu_HU" } ["_hasLoadableAdapters"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataExtractionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_extractionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataInjectionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_injectionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) } } ["keywords"]=> array(2) { ["hu_HU"]=> array(5) { [0]=> string(10) "migráció" [1]=> string(17) "együttműködés" [2]=> string(17) "menekültválság" [3]=> string(10) "rendészet" [4]=> string(11) "honvédelem" } ["en_US"]=> array(5) { [0]=> string(9) "migration" [1]=> string(11) "cooperation" [2]=> string(14) "refugee crisis" [3]=> string(15) "law enforcement" [4]=> string(8) "military" } } ["subjects"]=> array(0) { } ["disciplines"]=> array(0) { } ["languages"]=> array(0) { } ["supportingAgencies"]=> array(0) { } ["galleys"]=> array(1) { [0]=> object(ArticleGalley)#751 (7) { ["_submissionFile"]=> NULL ["_data"]=> array(9) { ["submissionFileId"]=> int(25853) ["id"]=> int(5199) ["isApproved"]=> bool(false) ["locale"]=> string(5) "hu_HU" ["label"]=> string(3) "PDF" ["publicationId"]=> int(6287) ["seq"]=> int(0) ["urlPath"]=> string(0) "" ["urlRemote"]=> string(0) "" } ["_hasLoadableAdapters"]=> bool(true) ["_metadataExtractionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_extractionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataInjectionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_injectionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) } } } ["_hasLoadableAdapters"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataExtractionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_extractionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataInjectionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_injectionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) }My research results are new in that this is the most detailed, up-to-date and most widely used description of the locations of the former protection system at the southern part of the Northern Central Mountains, on the Aszód–Gyöngyös section of the Karola Line. To the best of my knowledge, no one has even dealt with the research and location of the reinforce system itself, so the publications on the topic so far are extremely short and contain only general, comprehensive information about the Karola Line. Thus, my research aims to fill this gap of the Hungarian military history, and to provide a supplement/basis for the already completed and ongoing
or planned World War II metal detecting searches to pinpoint the locations of the defensive elements of the terrain.
For my research on the Karola Line, I examined the maps, reports, and sketches of the Soviet troops as well as World War II local history research on the settlements along on the supposed location of the Line, aerial photographs, and field reconnaissance results and, in some places, the experience of metal detecting.
Kutatási eredményem újdonsága, hogy jelenleg ez a legrészletesebb, legfrissebb és a legszélesebb körű forrásfelhasználással készült leírás az Északi-középhegység déli lábánál húzódó egykori védelmi rendszer, a Karola-vonal Aszód–Gyöngyösterepszakaszon létesült állásairól és azok elhelyezkedéséről. Magával az állásrendszer kutatásával és elhelyezkedésével sem foglalkozott még tudomásom szerint szélesebb körben senki, így a témában eddig megjelent publikációk is rendkívül rövidek, és csak általános, átfogó információkat tartalmaznak a területtel kapcsolatban. A kutatással célom volt a magyar hadtörténelem e hiányának kitöltése, illetve kiegészítést/alapot nyújtani a már elkészült és a folyamatban lévő vagy tervezett fémkereső-műszeres II. világháborús kutatásaim helyszíneinek pontos kijelöléséhez.
A Karola-vonal kutatásához vizsgáltam a szovjet csapatok által készített térképeket, jelentéseket és az azokban található vázlatokat, valamint a Karola-vonal feltételezett elhelyezkedéséről mentén lévő települések II. világháborús helytörténeti kutatásait, illetve légi fényképeket, terepi bejárások eredményeit és helyenként a fémkereső-műszeres kutatás tapasztalatait is.
Introducing the Major Strategic Documents Influencing the Strategic Training of State Leaders
This article aims at delivering a proposal for the strategic training of state leaders, especially in the framework of the public service and the comprehensive approach. The author departs from Kondratieff’s theory of long cycles, details certain characteristics of the international system, lists the various names of the new form of wars together with the challenges posed by the unfolding dynamics of the international system, summarizes the Hungarian strategic documents in place, and the respective changes in the legislation. He understands resilience as a system, its societal dimension, the comprehensive approach as an overarching governmental systemic view.
" ["hu_HU"]=> string(793) "Jelen tanulmány célja, hogy javaslatot tegyen állami vezetők stratégiai felkészítésére, különös tekintettel a közszolgálatiságra és az átfogó megközelítésre. A szerző a Kondratieff-féle hosszú ciklusok elméletéből kiindulva részletezi a nemzetközi egyes rendszer sajátosságait, kifejti a háború új megjelenési formáira a nemzetközi szakirodalomban használt megnevezéseket, bemutatja a biztonsági környezet jelentette kihívásokat, valamint a vonatkozó magyar stratégiai dokumentumokat és jogszabályi változásokat. A nemzeti ellenálló képességet nevesítve azt rendszerként értelmezi, annak társadalmi vetületét, az átfogó rendszerszemléletet pedig egy, a kormányzat egészét lefedő, átfogó megközelítésként láttatja.
" } ["title"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(93) "Introducing the Major Strategic Documents Influencing the Strategic Training of State Leaders" ["hu_HU"]=> string(106) "Az állami vezetők stratégiai felkészítését befolyásoló főbb stratégiai dokumentumok bemutatása" } ["copyrightHolder"]=> array(1) { ["hu_HU"]=> string(16) "Jobbágy Zoltán" } ["locale"]=> string(5) "hu_HU" ["authors"]=> array(1) { [0]=> object(Author)#776 (6) { ["_data"]=> array(14) { ["id"]=> int(7917) ["email"]=> string(25) "jobbagy.zoltan@uni-nke.hu" ["includeInBrowse"]=> bool(true) ["publicationId"]=> int(6420) ["seq"]=> int(3) ["userGroupId"]=> int(133) ["country"]=> string(2) "HU" ["orcid"]=> string(37) "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4553-6397" ["url"]=> string(0) "" ["affiliation"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(87) "National University of Public Service, Faculty of Military Science and Officer Training" ["hu_HU"]=> string(74) "Nemzeti Közszolgálati Egyetem, Hadtudományi és Honvédtisztképző Kar" } ["biography"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(26) "associate professor
" ["hu_HU"]=> string(22) "egyetemi docens
" } ["familyName"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(8) "Jobbágy" ["hu_HU"]=> string(8) "Jobbágy" } ["givenName"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(7) "Zoltán" ["hu_HU"]=> string(7) "Zoltán" } ["submissionLocale"]=> string(5) "hu_HU" } ["_hasLoadableAdapters"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataExtractionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_extractionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataInjectionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_injectionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) } } ["keywords"]=> array(2) { ["hu_HU"]=> array(5) { [0]=> string(6) "ciklus" [1]=> string(20) "nemzetközi rendszer" [2]=> string(10) "stratégia" [3]=> string(22) "ellenálló képesség" [4]=> string(24) "átfogó megközelítés" } ["en_US"]=> array(5) { [0]=> string(5) "cycle" [1]=> string(20) "international system" [2]=> string(8) "strategy" [3]=> string(10) "resilience" [4]=> string(22) "comprehensive approach" } } ["subjects"]=> array(0) { } ["disciplines"]=> array(0) { } ["languages"]=> array(0) { } ["supportingAgencies"]=> array(0) { } ["galleys"]=> array(1) { [0]=> object(ArticleGalley)#766 (7) { ["_submissionFile"]=> NULL ["_data"]=> array(9) { ["submissionFileId"]=> int(25869) ["id"]=> int(5201) ["isApproved"]=> bool(false) ["locale"]=> string(5) "hu_HU" ["label"]=> string(3) "PDF" ["publicationId"]=> int(6420) ["seq"]=> int(0) ["urlPath"]=> string(0) "" ["urlRemote"]=> string(0) "" } ["_hasLoadableAdapters"]=> bool(true) ["_metadataExtractionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_extractionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataInjectionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_injectionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) } } } ["_hasLoadableAdapters"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataExtractionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_extractionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataInjectionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_injectionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) }Társadalomtudomány
In this study I would like to examine the Battle of the Catalaunian Plains. In the first part of my article I will talk about the causes of the campaign of 451; the treachery
of Honoria, the Frank succession and the Ostrogothic immigrants in the Visigothic court. Then I will move forward to the campaign, and I will show how the opposing forces manoeuvred, what were their plans, and how they arrived to the place of the battle. Then I will examine the order of the battle, the battle plans, and fight of the forces, which has continued through the night. Then, I will talk about the next couple of days, the sieges of the camps, and the reason why the Romans left the battlefield. Finally, I will finish with my conclusions, the examination of the performance of the military leaders, the losses of the opposing forces, and I will claim the winner in the end of my study.
In this study I would like to examine the Battle of the Catalaunian Plains. In the first part of my article I will talk about the causes of the campaign of 451; the treachery
of Honoria, the Frank succession and the Ostrogothic immigrants in the Visigothic court. Then I will move forward to the campaign, and I will show how the opposing forces manoeuvred, what were their plans, and how they arrived to the place of the battle. Then I will examine the order of the battle, the battle plans, and fight of the forces, which has continued through the night. Then, I will talk about the next couple of days, the sieges of the camps, and the reason why the Romans left the battlefield. Finally, I will finish with my conclusions, the examination of the performance of the military leaders, the losses of the opposing forces, and I will claim the winner in the end of my study.
PhD Student
" ["hu_HU"]=> string(19) "doktorandusz
" } ["familyName"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(8) "Majorosi" ["hu_HU"]=> string(8) "Majorosi" } ["givenName"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(6) "Ádám" ["hu_HU"]=> string(6) "Ádám" } ["submissionLocale"]=> string(5) "en_US" } ["_hasLoadableAdapters"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataExtractionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_extractionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataInjectionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_injectionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) } } ["keywords"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> array(5) { [0]=> string(14) "Attila the Hun" [1]=> string(14) "Flavius Aetius" [2]=> string(7) "Honoria" [3]=> string(4) "Gaul" [4]=> string(31) "Battle of the Catalunian Plains" } ["hu_HU"]=> array(5) { [0]=> string(14) "Attila the Hun" [1]=> string(14) "Flavius Aetius" [2]=> string(7) "Honoria" [3]=> string(4) "Gaul" [4]=> string(31) "Battle of the Catalunian Plains" } } ["subjects"]=> array(0) { } ["disciplines"]=> array(0) { } ["languages"]=> array(0) { } ["supportingAgencies"]=> array(0) { } ["galleys"]=> array(1) { [0]=> object(ArticleGalley)#735 (7) { ["_submissionFile"]=> NULL ["_data"]=> array(9) { ["submissionFileId"]=> int(25872) ["id"]=> int(5202) ["isApproved"]=> bool(false) ["locale"]=> string(5) "en_US" ["label"]=> string(3) "PDF" ["publicationId"]=> int(6174) ["seq"]=> int(0) ["urlPath"]=> string(0) "" ["urlRemote"]=> string(0) "" } ["_hasLoadableAdapters"]=> bool(true) ["_metadataExtractionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_extractionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataInjectionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_injectionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) } } } ["_hasLoadableAdapters"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataExtractionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_extractionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataInjectionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_injectionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) }The Hungarian Engagament in the Breakthrough of Gorlice
In the Hungarian military history, Gorlice has a special place. At the moment of the outbreak of the Great War, everybody waited a quick war. However, as the time went on, it became increasingly clear, that a quick victory would be delayed, and even the war drag on. The Austro–Hungarian Monarchy first fought disappointing struggle
against Serbia, then retreated against the Russian troops on the Eastern Front, and its troops had to defend themselves in the Carpathians. However, the Gorlice breakthrough changed all this and gave new hope to the discouraged officers, soldiers and for those who lived in the hinterlands. The success of the offensive was largely due to
the perseverance and the position of the Hungarian troops and soldiers.
Gorlice a magyar hadtörténelemben különleges helyet foglal el. A nagy háború kitörésének pillanatában mindenki gyors háborút várt. Ám ahogy az idő telt, egyre inkább nyilvánvalóvá vált, hogy a gyors győzelem elmarad, sőt a háború is elhúzódik. Az Osztrák–Magyar Monarchia először Szerbia ellen vívott kiábrándító harcokat, majd a keleti fronton, Oroszország ellen kényszerült meghátrálásra, s csapatainak a Kárpátokban kellett védekezniük. A gorlicei áttörés azonban mindezen változtatott és új reményt adott a birodalom elcsüggedt tisztjeinek és katonáinak, valamint a hátországban élőknek. Az offenzíva sikere jelentős mértékben a magyar csapatok és katonák kitartásának, helytállásának volt köszönhető.
" } ["title"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(55) "The Hungarian Engagament in the Breakthrough of Gorlice" ["hu_HU"]=> string(48) "Magyar szerepvállalás a gorlicei áttörésben" } ["copyrightHolder"]=> array(1) { ["hu_HU"]=> string(18) "Mokánszki Zoltán" } ["locale"]=> string(5) "hu_HU" ["authors"]=> array(1) { [0]=> object(Author)#757 (6) { ["_data"]=> array(15) { ["id"]=> int(7779) ["email"]=> string(20) "zmokanszki@gmail.com" ["includeInBrowse"]=> bool(true) ["publicationId"]=> int(6316) ["seq"]=> int(2) ["userGroupId"]=> int(133) ["country"]=> string(2) "HU" ["orcid"]=> string(37) "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6937-0518" ["url"]=> string(0) "" ["affiliation"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" ["hu_HU"]=> string(32) "a:1:{s:5:"hu_HU";s:7:"NKE-HDI";}" } ["biography"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" ["hu_HU"]=> string(0) "" } ["familyName"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(10) "Mokánszki" ["hu_HU"]=> string(10) "Mokánszki" } ["givenName"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(7) "Zoltán" ["hu_HU"]=> string(7) "Zoltán" } ["preferredPublicName"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" ["hu_HU"]=> string(0) "" } ["submissionLocale"]=> string(5) "hu_HU" } ["_hasLoadableAdapters"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataExtractionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_extractionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataInjectionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_injectionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) } } ["keywords"]=> array(2) { ["hu_HU"]=> array(3) { [0]=> string(7) "Gorlice" [1]=> string(23) "magyar szerepvállalás" [2]=> string(13) "nagy háború" } ["en_US"]=> array(3) { [0]=> string(7) "Gorlice" [1]=> string(20) "Hungarian engagement" [2]=> string(9) "Great War" } } ["subjects"]=> array(0) { } ["disciplines"]=> array(0) { } ["languages"]=> array(0) { } ["supportingAgencies"]=> array(0) { } ["galleys"]=> array(1) { [0]=> object(ArticleGalley)#758 (7) { ["_submissionFile"]=> NULL ["_data"]=> array(9) { ["submissionFileId"]=> int(25874) ["id"]=> int(5204) ["isApproved"]=> bool(false) ["locale"]=> string(5) "hu_HU" ["label"]=> string(3) "PDF" ["publicationId"]=> int(6316) ["seq"]=> int(0) ["urlPath"]=> string(0) "" ["urlRemote"]=> string(0) "" } ["_hasLoadableAdapters"]=> bool(true) ["_metadataExtractionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_extractionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataInjectionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_injectionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) } } } ["_hasLoadableAdapters"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataExtractionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_extractionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataInjectionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_injectionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) }National Defence of Hungary – Military Units and Military Facilities of Debrecen (Part 2) Units of the Royal Hungarian Honvéd and the Hungarian Defence Forces in Debrecen
The army has always played a major role in the performance of defence tasks in Hungary. This article presents the development of Hungary’s national defence from the collapse of the Austro–Hungarian Monarchy in 1918 to the present day. It describes the ground, cavalry and air units of the Royal Hungarian Army stationed in Debrecen since 1920, the military facilities used by the Soviet Red Army in Debrecen, and the units of the Hungarian Defence Forces operating in the city. It presents the work, activities, tasks and military facilities of the following entities: HDF 5th “István Bocskai” Infantry Brigade, HDF 24th “Gergely Bornemissza” Reconnaissance Regiment, HDF 2nd “vitéz Antal Vattay” Territorial Defence Regiment, 3rd “Sándor Oláh” Territorial Defence Battalion and the HDF Military Administration and Central Registry Command 2nd Augmentation and Recruitment Centre, and the 3rd Augmentation and Recruitment Office, the last two of which being responsible for providing supplies.
" ["hu_HU"]=> string(1024) "The army has always played a major role in the performance of defence tasks in Hungary. This article presents the development of Hungary’s national defence from the collapse of the Austro–Hungarian Monarchy in 1918 to the present day. It describes the ground, cavalry and air units of the Royal Hungarian Army stationed in Debrecen since 1920, the military facilities used by the Soviet Red Army in Debrecen, and the units of the Hungarian Defence Forces operating in the city. It presents the work, activities, tasks and military facilities of the following entities: HDF 5th “István Bocskai” Infantry Brigade, HDF 24th “Gergely Bornemissza” Reconnaissance Regiment, HDF 2nd “vitéz Antal Vattay” Territorial Defence Regiment, 3rd “Sándor Oláh” Territorial Defence Battalion and the HDF Military Administration and Central Registry Command 2nd Augmentation and Recruitment Centre, and the 3rd Augmentation and Recruitment Office, the last two of which being responsible for providing supplies.
" } ["subtitle"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(81) "Units of the Royal Hungarian Honvéd and the Hungarian Defence Forces in Debrecen" ["hu_HU"]=> string(81) "Units of the Royal Hungarian Honvéd and the Hungarian Defence Forces in Debrecen" } ["title"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(91) "National Defence of Hungary – Military Units and Military Facilities of Debrecen (Part 2)" ["hu_HU"]=> string(91) "National Defence of Hungary – Military Units and Military Facilities of Debrecen (Part 2)" } ["copyrightHolder"]=> array(1) { ["hu_HU"]=> string(25) "Perge János, Perge Erika" } ["locale"]=> string(5) "en_US" ["authors"]=> array(2) { [0]=> object(Author)#774 (6) { ["_data"]=> array(14) { ["id"]=> int(7666) ["email"]=> string(21) "pergejanos1@gmail.com" ["includeInBrowse"]=> bool(true) ["publicationId"]=> int(6233) ["seq"]=> int(3) ["userGroupId"]=> int(133) ["country"]=> string(2) "HU" ["orcid"]=> string(37) "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7219-0729" ["url"]=> string(0) "" ["affiliation"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(31) "Nemzeti Közszolgálati Egyetem" ["hu_HU"]=> string(12) "+36705255759" } ["biography"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" ["hu_HU"]=> string(488) "Nemzeti Közszolgálati Egyetem Katonai Műszaki Doktori Iskola, doktorandusz – National University of Public Service, Doctoral School of Military Engineering, PhD Student.
Magyar Honvédség 2. vitéz Vattai Antal Területvédelmi Ezred, 3. Oláh Sándor Területvédelmi zászlóalj, Hadműveleti tiszt –Hungarian Defence Forces 2nd vitéz Vattai Antal Territorial Defence Regiment, 3rd Oláh Sándor Territorial Defence Battalion, Operations Officer
" } ["familyName"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(5) "Perge" ["hu_HU"]=> string(5) "Perge" } ["givenName"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(6) "János" ["hu_HU"]=> string(6) "János" } ["submissionLocale"]=> string(5) "en_US" } ["_hasLoadableAdapters"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataExtractionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_extractionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataInjectionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_injectionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) } [1]=> object(Author)#780 (6) { ["_data"]=> array(15) { ["id"]=> int(7667) ["email"]=> string(21) "erika.perge@gmail.com" ["includeInBrowse"]=> bool(true) ["publicationId"]=> int(6233) ["seq"]=> int(3) ["userGroupId"]=> int(133) ["country"]=> string(2) "HU" ["orcid"]=> string(37) "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1285-1374" ["url"]=> string(0) "" ["affiliation"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(22) "University of Debrecen" ["hu_HU"]=> string(0) "" } ["biography"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(97) "Faculty of Engineering, Department of Basic Technical Studies,
assistant professor
" ["hu_HU"]=> string(0) "" } ["familyName"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(5) "Perge" ["hu_HU"]=> string(0) "" } ["givenName"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(5) "Erika" ["hu_HU"]=> string(0) "" } ["preferredPublicName"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(4) "Dr. " ["hu_HU"]=> string(0) "" } ["submissionLocale"]=> string(5) "en_US" } ["_hasLoadableAdapters"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataExtractionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_extractionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataInjectionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_injectionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) } } ["keywords"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> array(4) { [0]=> string(16) "national defence" [1]=> string(24) "Hungarian Defence Forces" [2]=> string(14) "military units" [3]=> string(8) "barracks" } ["hu_HU"]=> array(4) { [0]=> string(16) "national defence" [1]=> string(24) "Hungarian Defence Forces" [2]=> string(14) "military units" [3]=> string(8) "barracks" } } ["subjects"]=> array(0) { } ["disciplines"]=> array(0) { } ["languages"]=> array(0) { } ["supportingAgencies"]=> array(0) { } ["galleys"]=> array(1) { [0]=> object(ArticleGalley)#775 (7) { ["_submissionFile"]=> NULL ["_data"]=> array(9) { ["submissionFileId"]=> int(25875) ["id"]=> int(5205) ["isApproved"]=> bool(false) ["locale"]=> string(5) "en_US" ["label"]=> string(3) "PDF" ["publicationId"]=> int(6233) ["seq"]=> int(0) ["urlPath"]=> string(0) "" ["urlRemote"]=> string(0) "" } ["_hasLoadableAdapters"]=> bool(true) ["_metadataExtractionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_extractionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataInjectionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_injectionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) } } } ["_hasLoadableAdapters"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataExtractionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_extractionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataInjectionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_injectionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) }Általános
Increasing the Effectiveness of Military Selection in the Early Days of Applied Psychology
The study reviews the early days of the scientific application of psychology, the theoretical foundations of which can still be used as a basis for military selection. The framework within which the studies were initiated and conducted in the early 20th century shall be reviewed, and the major differences in the perceptions of the two (American and German) nations and how they were disseminated in Hungary shall be discussed. As with many other sciences, the development of psychological testing methods has been boosted by war. The Army Alpha and Beta, the widely known group intelligence tests was a national issue for effective placement in the United States of America. One of the slogans of psychotechnology in occupational psychology reads: “The right man on the right place”; the notion that everything should be done to employ people in jobs according to their character and abilities. In the Hungarian context, I reviewed the available literature from the organisational work started in the Monarchy, through the rise of psychotechnology, to the establishment of the Central Institute of Aptitude Testing at the Royal Hungarian Army and the studies conducted there.
" ["hu_HU"]=> string(1188) "The study reviews the early days of the scientific application of psychology, the theoretical foundations of which can still be used as a basis for military selection. The framework within which the studies were initiated and conducted in the early 20th century shall be reviewed, and the major differences in the perceptions of the two (American and German) nations and how they were disseminated in Hungary shall be discussed. As with many other sciences, the development of psychological testing methods has been boosted by war. The Army Alpha and Beta, the widely known group intelligence tests was a national issue for effective placement in the United States of America. One of the slogans of psychotechnology in occupational psychology reads: “The right man on the right place”; the notion that everything should be done to employ people in jobs according to their character and abilities. In the Hungarian context, I reviewed the available literature from the organisational work started in the Monarchy, through the rise of psychotechnology, to the establishment of the Central Institute of Aptitude Testing at the Royal Hungarian Army and the studies conducted there.
" } ["title"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(90) "Increasing the Effectiveness of Military Selection in the Early Days of Applied Psychology" ["hu_HU"]=> string(90) "Increasing the Effectiveness of Military Selection in the Early Days of Applied Psychology" } ["copyrightHolder"]=> array(1) { ["hu_HU"]=> string(13) "Andó Sándor" } ["locale"]=> string(5) "en_US" ["authors"]=> array(1) { [0]=> object(Author)#736 (6) { ["_data"]=> array(11) { ["id"]=> int(7714) ["email"]=> string(21) "ando.sandor@hm.gov.hu" ["includeInBrowse"]=> bool(true) ["publicationId"]=> int(6264) ["seq"]=> int(1) ["userGroupId"]=> int(133) ["country"]=> string(2) "HU" ["familyName"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(5) "Andó" ["hu_HU"]=> string(5) "Andó" } ["givenName"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(7) "Sándor" ["hu_HU"]=> string(7) "Sándor" } ["affiliation"]=> array(1) { ["hu_HU"]=> string(53) "a:1:{s:5:"hu_HU";s:27:"MH Egészségügyi Központ";}" } ["submissionLocale"]=> string(5) "en_US" } ["_hasLoadableAdapters"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataExtractionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_extractionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataInjectionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_injectionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) } } ["keywords"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> array(3) { [0]=> string(10) "psychology" [1]=> string(9) "selection" [2]=> string(4) "army" } ["hu_HU"]=> array(3) { [0]=> string(10) "psychology" [1]=> string(9) "selection" [2]=> string(4) "army" } } ["subjects"]=> array(0) { } ["disciplines"]=> array(0) { } ["languages"]=> array(0) { } ["supportingAgencies"]=> array(0) { } ["galleys"]=> array(1) { [0]=> object(ArticleGalley)#753 (7) { ["_submissionFile"]=> NULL ["_data"]=> array(9) { ["submissionFileId"]=> int(25876) ["id"]=> int(5206) ["isApproved"]=> bool(false) ["locale"]=> string(5) "en_US" ["label"]=> string(3) "PDF" ["publicationId"]=> int(6264) ["seq"]=> int(0) ["urlPath"]=> string(0) "" ["urlRemote"]=> string(0) "" } ["_hasLoadableAdapters"]=> bool(true) ["_metadataExtractionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_extractionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataInjectionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_injectionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) } } } ["_hasLoadableAdapters"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataExtractionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_extractionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataInjectionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_injectionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) }Possible Ways to Integrate Artificial Intelligence to the Headquarters’ Activities
The activities of military units are managed by commanders through a system of headquarters. The workflow of the headquarters is likely to be altered fundamentally by new technologies such as Artificial Intelligence. Our work has multiple objectives; the main objective is to scrutinize the feasibility of the Artificial Intelligence’s utilization in the operations planning and management. We considered the examination of the headquarters, its functions and its general tasks as paramount to achieve the primary goal.
We stated that the headquarters is the location within a military unit where the leadership performs its main tasks that are the decision-support, operations planning, operations management and coordination. We demonstrated that solutions for automating management and data processing were already being developed in the 1950s, and that artificial intelligence is another tool for automating processes. We delineated that the artificial intelligence in its current state can be used for data processing and intelligence purposes, but it has potential for the facilitation of planning and command and control processes.
A katonai szervezetek tevékenységének vezetését a parancsnokok a vezetési pontok rendszerén keresztül valósítják meg. A vezetési pontokon folyó munkafolyamatokat az olyan új technológiák, mint például a mesterséges intelligencia képes lehet alapjaiban befolyásolni, átalakítani. Munkánk többcélú, elsődleges célja a mesterséges intelligencia felhasználási lehetőségeinek vizsgálata a katonai szervezetek műveleteinek tervezésében és vezetésében. Az elsődleges cél eléréséhez fontosnak tartottuk a vezetési pontok mibenlétének, illetve általános feladatrendszerének tisztázását. Megállapítottuk, hogy a katonai kötelékek tekintetében a vezetés megvalósítását végző szervezetek települési helyeit nevezhetjük vezetési pontoknak, amelynek feladatai a döntés-előkészítés, a művelettervezés, a műveletvezetés és a koordináció. Bemutattuk, hogy a vezetés és az adatfeldolgozás automatizálásában már az 1950-es években is születtek megoldások, a mesterséges intelligencia a különböző folyamatok automatizálásának egy újabb eszköze. Ismertettük, hogy a mesterséges intelligencia jelenlegi állapotában az adatfeldolgozás és információ-előállítás területén jelent komoly segítséget, de potenciálisan alkalmazható a tervezési feladatok megkönnyítésére, illetve a műveletek vezetésének felgyorsítására is.
" } ["title"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(84) "Possible Ways to Integrate Artificial Intelligence to the Headquarters’ Activities" ["hu_HU"]=> string(99) "A mesterséges intelligencia integrálásának lehetőségei a vezetési pontok feladatrendszerébe" } ["copyrightHolder"]=> array(1) { ["hu_HU"]=> string(29) "Ferenc Fazekas, Négyesi Imre" } ["locale"]=> string(5) "hu_HU" ["authors"]=> array(2) { [0]=> object(Author)#760 (6) { ["_data"]=> array(15) { ["id"]=> int(7742) ["email"]=> string(23) "negyesi.imre@uni-nke.hu" ["includeInBrowse"]=> bool(true) ["publicationId"]=> int(6285) ["seq"]=> int(2) ["userGroupId"]=> int(133) ["country"]=> string(2) "HU" ["orcid"]=> string(37) "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1144-1912" ["url"]=> string(0) "" ["affiliation"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" ["hu_HU"]=> string(97) "Nemzeti Közszolgálati Egyetem, Hadtudományi és Honvédtisztképző Kar, Informatikai Tanszék" } ["biography"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" ["hu_HU"]=> string(0) "" } ["familyName"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(8) "Négyesi" ["hu_HU"]=> string(8) "Négyesi" } ["givenName"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(4) "Imre" ["hu_HU"]=> string(4) "Imre" } ["preferredPublicName"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" ["hu_HU"]=> string(0) "" } ["submissionLocale"]=> string(5) "hu_HU" } ["_hasLoadableAdapters"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataExtractionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_extractionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataInjectionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_injectionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) } [1]=> object(Author)#761 (6) { ["_data"]=> array(15) { ["id"]=> int(7741) ["email"]=> string(25) "Fazekas.ferenc@uni-nke.hu" ["includeInBrowse"]=> bool(true) ["publicationId"]=> int(6285) ["seq"]=> int(2) ["userGroupId"]=> int(133) ["country"]=> string(2) "HU" ["orcid"]=> string(37) "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7409-1054" ["url"]=> string(0) "" ["affiliation"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" ["hu_HU"]=> string(100) "a:1:{s:5:"hu_HU";s:74:"Nemzeti Közszolgálati Egyetem Hadtudományi és Honvédtisztkézpző Kar";}" } ["biography"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" ["hu_HU"]=> string(0) "" } ["familyName"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(7) "Fazekas" ["hu_HU"]=> string(7) "Fazekas" } ["givenName"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(6) "Ferenc" ["hu_HU"]=> string(6) "Ferenc" } ["preferredPublicName"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" ["hu_HU"]=> string(0) "" } ["submissionLocale"]=> string(5) "hu_HU" } ["_hasLoadableAdapters"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataExtractionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_extractionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataInjectionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_injectionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) } } ["keywords"]=> array(2) { ["hu_HU"]=> array(3) { [0]=> string(26) "mesterséges intelligencia" [1]=> string(14) "vezetési pont" [2]=> string(14) "parancsnokság" } ["en_US"]=> array(3) { [0]=> string(23) "Artificial Intelligence" [1]=> string(12) "command post" [2]=> string(12) "headquarters" } } ["subjects"]=> array(0) { } ["disciplines"]=> array(0) { } ["languages"]=> array(0) { } ["supportingAgencies"]=> array(0) { } ["galleys"]=> array(1) { [0]=> object(ArticleGalley)#762 (7) { ["_submissionFile"]=> NULL ["_data"]=> array(9) { ["submissionFileId"]=> int(25879) ["id"]=> int(5207) ["isApproved"]=> bool(false) ["locale"]=> string(5) "hu_HU" ["label"]=> string(3) "PDF" ["publicationId"]=> int(6285) ["seq"]=> int(0) ["urlPath"]=> string(0) "" ["urlRemote"]=> string(0) "" } ["_hasLoadableAdapters"]=> bool(true) ["_metadataExtractionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_extractionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataInjectionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_injectionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) } } } ["_hasLoadableAdapters"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataExtractionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_extractionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataInjectionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_injectionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) }The New Challenges of World War I from the Perspective of the Hungarian Soldiers’ Healthcare
The First World War, which is also referred to as the first modern war, brought many innovations in the field of warfare. New automated weapons of mass destruction emerged. The long-range and explosive weapons also affected types of injuries. Mostly the care of large-scale traumatic injuries had to be addressed effectively. In the period before the outbreak of the war, healthcare reforms began in Hungary as well, to prepare for possible armed conflicts. Permanent care institutions have been established and the Army Medical Officer Staff was formed. Hungary acceded to the Geneva Convention and established the “association”, which is the predecessor of the Red Cross and is still operating on a voluntary basis. In healthcare teamwork was emphasised, with medical officers and crew porters joining doctors. The “experimental” injuries were available for development of interventions in large numbers, and this was used effectively by the profession to gain experience. In my paper, I present these developmental processes.
" ["hu_HU"]=> string(1171) "Az első modern háborúként is emlegetett világháború rengeteg újítást hozott a hadviselés területén. Új tömegpusztító automatizált fegyverek jelentek meg. A nagy hatótávolságú és robbanófegyverek a sérülések típusait is befolyásolták. Leginkább a nagymértékű traumás sérülések ellátását kellett hatékonyan megoldani. A háború kirobbanását megelőző időszakban egészségügyi reformok kezdődtek hazánkban is, felkészülve az esetleges fegyveres konfliktusokra. Állandó ellátó intézményeket létesítettek, és megalakult a honvédorvosi tisztikar. Magyarország csatlakozott a genfi egyezményhez, és megalapította az önkéntes alapon szerveződő, ma is működő Vöröskereszt elődjeként funkcionáló „egyletet”. Az egészségügyben hangsúlyt kapott a csapatmunka, az orvosok mellett megjelentek az egészségügyi altisztek és legénységi beteghordók. A beavatkozások fejlesztéséhez szükséges „kísérleti” sérültek nagy számban álltak rendelkezésre, és ezt a szakma hatékonyan használta ki tapasztalatgyűjtésre. Írásomban ezeket a fejlődési folyamatokat mutatom be.
" } ["title"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(94) "The New Challenges of World War I from the Perspective of the Hungarian Soldiers’ Healthcare" ["hu_HU"]=> string(83) "Az I. világháború új kihívásai a magyar katona-egészségügy szemszögéből" } ["copyrightHolder"]=> array(1) { ["hu_HU"]=> string(11) "Kiss Péter" } ["locale"]=> string(5) "hu_HU" ["authors"]=> array(1) { [0]=> object(Author)#765 (6) { ["_data"]=> array(15) { ["id"]=> int(7886) ["email"]=> string(21) "kisspetermt@gmail.com" ["includeInBrowse"]=> bool(true) ["publicationId"]=> int(6398) ["seq"]=> int(3) ["userGroupId"]=> int(133) ["country"]=> string(2) "HU" ["orcid"]=> string(37) "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1692-995X" ["url"]=> string(0) "" ["affiliation"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" ["hu_HU"]=> string(57) "a:1:{s:5:"hu_HU";s:31:"Nemzeti Közszolgálati Egyetem";}" } ["biography"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" ["hu_HU"]=> string(0) "" } ["familyName"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(4) "Kiss" ["hu_HU"]=> string(4) "Kiss" } ["givenName"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(6) "Péter" ["hu_HU"]=> string(6) "Péter" } ["preferredPublicName"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" ["hu_HU"]=> string(0) "" } ["submissionLocale"]=> string(5) "hu_HU" } ["_hasLoadableAdapters"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataExtractionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_extractionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataInjectionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_injectionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) } } ["keywords"]=> array(2) { ["hu_HU"]=> array(5) { [0]=> string(12) "honvédorvos" [1]=> string(23) "egészségügyi altiszt" [2]=> string(14) "Vöröskereszt" [3]=> string(18) "vérátömlesztés" [4]=> string(19) "háborús neurózis" } ["en_US"]=> array(5) { [0]=> string(15) "military doctor" [1]=> string(18) "medical lieutenant" [2]=> string(9) "Red Cross" [3]=> string(17) "blood transfusion" [4]=> string(12) "war neurosis" } } ["subjects"]=> array(0) { } ["disciplines"]=> array(0) { } ["languages"]=> array(0) { } ["supportingAgencies"]=> array(0) { } ["galleys"]=> array(1) { [0]=> object(ArticleGalley)#786 (7) { ["_submissionFile"]=> NULL ["_data"]=> array(9) { ["submissionFileId"]=> int(25880) ["id"]=> int(5208) ["isApproved"]=> bool(false) ["locale"]=> string(5) "hu_HU" ["label"]=> string(3) "PDF" ["publicationId"]=> int(6398) ["seq"]=> int(0) ["urlPath"]=> string(0) "" ["urlRemote"]=> string(0) "" } ["_hasLoadableAdapters"]=> bool(true) ["_metadataExtractionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_extractionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataInjectionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_injectionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) } } } ["_hasLoadableAdapters"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataExtractionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_extractionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataInjectionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_injectionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) }The Good Friday Agreement and the Successor Organisations of (P)IRA
The Good Friday Agreement was intended, as a cross community agreement to settle the relation between the United Kingdom and Northern Ireland, and the United Kingdom and Irish Republican Army. However, after signing the agreement, some members of the terrorist organisation disagreed with the capitulation, and insist to create a united Ireland. To implement this idea, they are continuing the modus operandi of the Provisional Irish Republican Army and are also considering their former members as potential targets.
" ["hu_HU"]=> string(634) "A Nagypénteki Megállapodás mint egy a közösségeken átívelő megállapodás kívánta rendezni az Egyesült Királyság és Észak-Írország, valamint az Egyesült Királyság – Ír Köztársasági Hadsereg viszonyát. A megállapodás aláírását követően a terrorszervezet néhány tagja azonban nem értett egyet a fegyverletétellel, továbbra is ragaszkodik az egységes Írország elképzeléshez. Az elképzelés megvalósításához az Ideiglenes Ír Köztársasági Hadsereg által alkalmazott módszereket folytatják, és a fegyverletevő egykori csoporttársaikat is potenciális célpontnak tekintik.
" } ["title"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(67) "The Good Friday Agreement and the Successor Organisations of (P)IRA" ["hu_HU"]=> string(57) "Nagypénteki Megállapodás és a (P)IRA utódszervezetei" } ["copyrightHolder"]=> array(1) { ["hu_HU"]=> string(13) "Kovács Márk" } ["locale"]=> string(5) "hu_HU" ["authors"]=> array(1) { [0]=> object(Author)#789 (6) { ["_data"]=> array(15) { ["id"]=> int(7729) ["email"]=> string(22) "kovacs.mark@uni-nke.hu" ["includeInBrowse"]=> bool(true) ["publicationId"]=> int(6275) ["seq"]=> int(4) ["userGroupId"]=> int(133) ["country"]=> string(2) "HU" ["orcid"]=> string(37) "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4102-5605" ["url"]=> string(0) "" ["affiliation"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" ["hu_HU"]=> string(0) "" } ["biography"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" ["hu_HU"]=> string(0) "" } ["familyName"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(7) "Kovács" ["hu_HU"]=> string(7) "Kovács" } ["givenName"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(5) "Márk" ["hu_HU"]=> string(5) "Márk" } ["preferredPublicName"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" ["hu_HU"]=> string(0) "" } ["submissionLocale"]=> string(5) "hu_HU" } ["_hasLoadableAdapters"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataExtractionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_extractionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataInjectionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_injectionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) } } ["keywords"]=> array(2) { ["hu_HU"]=> array(4) { [0]=> string(4) "INLA" [1]=> string(4) "RIRA" [2]=> string(4) "CIRA" [3]=> string(4) "NIRA" } ["en_US"]=> array(4) { [0]=> string(4) "INLA" [1]=> string(4) "PIRA" [2]=> string(4) "CIRA" [3]=> string(4) "NIRA" } } ["subjects"]=> array(0) { } ["disciplines"]=> array(0) { } ["languages"]=> array(0) { } ["supportingAgencies"]=> array(0) { } ["galleys"]=> array(1) { [0]=> object(ArticleGalley)#779 (7) { ["_submissionFile"]=> NULL ["_data"]=> array(9) { ["submissionFileId"]=> int(25881) ["id"]=> int(5209) ["isApproved"]=> bool(false) ["locale"]=> string(5) "hu_HU" ["label"]=> string(3) "PDF" ["publicationId"]=> int(6275) ["seq"]=> int(0) ["urlPath"]=> string(0) "" ["urlRemote"]=> string(0) "" } ["_hasLoadableAdapters"]=> bool(true) ["_metadataExtractionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_extractionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataInjectionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_injectionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) } } } ["_hasLoadableAdapters"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataExtractionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_extractionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataInjectionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_injectionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) }Digital Terrorism: Communication through Online Video Games
We interact nowadays through the internet in many different ways, we are socially connected to this network. Of course, this has its dangers, as many individuals or groups operating illegally also have access to these opportunities and use them to support their own activities. Online gaming is based on the hobby of many people including terrorists: to connect and play together online. In the world of online video games, there have been several cases of terrorists or organised criminal group members using
data game software to achieve their own ends. Therefore, defence organisations have been monitoring this unconventional world for more than a decade. It is worth examining exactly how terrorist organisations can exploit this form of entertainment. The information society has brought with it a proliferation of video games, which has led to a significant acceleration in communication.
This study examines how different terrorist organisations or organised criminal groups use online video games to communicate. We will examine how they can exchange
information, organise different activities, disseminate their propaganda and recruit. This article focuses on video games that can be played online and are mainly publicly
available, as these are the programs that can be quickly accessed by the web and many other players. We are not dealing with games with single player only mode, as it would require a completely different way of analysis, and in online video games the communication factor is one of the primary factors in their use.
We interact nowadays through the internet in many different ways, we are socially connected to this network. Of course, this has its dangers, as many individuals or groups operating illegally also have access to these opportunities and use them to support their own activities. Online gaming is based on the hobby of many people including terrorists: to connect and play together online. In the world of online video games, there have been several cases of terrorists or organised criminal group members using
data game software to achieve their own ends. Therefore, defence organisations have been monitoring this unconventional world for more than a decade. It is worth examining exactly how terrorist organisations can exploit this form of entertainment. The information society has brought with it a proliferation of video games, which has led to a significant acceleration in communication.
This study examines how different terrorist organisations or organised criminal groups use online video games to communicate. We will examine how they can exchange
information, organise different activities, disseminate their propaganda and recruit. This article focuses on video games that can be played online and are mainly publicly
available, as these are the programs that can be quickly accessed by the web and many other players. We are not dealing with games with single player only mode, as it would require a completely different way of analysis, and in online video games the communication factor is one of the primary factors in their use.