Az Európai Unió versenyképességi dilemmái
Külföldi közvetlentőke-befektetés és külkereskedelem
Copyright (c) 2025 Csontos Tamás Tibor, Éltető Andrea, Sass Magdolna
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Absztrakt
Bár a versenyképesség széles körben tárgyalt fogalom, az európai egységes piacról és a versenyképességről szóló legújabb jelentések gyakran nem hangsúlyozzák eléggé a külföldi közvetlentőke-befektetés (FDI) és a külkereskedelem meghatározó szerepét. Ez a tanulmány ezt a hiányosságot igyekszik pótolni az EU 2005 és 2023 közötti FDI- és külkereskedelmi trendjeinek elemzésével, az Egyesült Államokkal és Kínával való összehasonlításával, valamint az EU belső gazdasági dinamikájának vizsgálatával. A statisztikai elemzés rávilágít az FDI, a külkereskedelem és az EU versenyképessége közötti összetett kapcsolatra. Jelentős különbségeket tár fel az EU FDI-struktúrájában: a befelé és kifelé irányuló befektetések eltérő mértékben alakulnak, egyes tagállamok pedig közvetítő szerepet töltenek be, ami problémákhoz vezethet. A külkereskedelem terén az EU-nak szembe kell néznie a Kína által támasztott egyre erősebb versennyel, a belső kereskedelmi egyensúlytalanságokkal és a tartósan magas külföldi hozzáadott értéktől való függőséggel. Noha az EU jól teljesít a szolgáltatás- és a közepes technológiai színvonalú export terén, a csúcstechnológiai és elsődleges termékek exportjának tekintetében lemaradásban van. A tanulmány szerint elengedhetetlen egy átfogó versenyképességi stratégia kialakítása e kihívások kezelésére és a gazdasági ellenálló képesség növelésére.
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