object(Publication)#731 (6) { ["_data"]=> array(30) { ["id"]=> int(8493) ["accessStatus"]=> int(0) ["datePublished"]=> string(10) "2025-07-29" ["lastModified"]=> string(19) "2025-07-29 13:03:09" ["primaryContactId"]=> int(10847) ["sectionId"]=> int(67) ["seq"]=> int(1) ["submissionId"]=> int(8369) ["status"]=> int(3) ["version"]=> int(1) ["categoryIds"]=> array(0) { } ["citationsRaw"]=> string(1661) "MUNDSCHENK, Susanne szerk. (2006): Competitiveness and Growth in Europe: Lessons and Policy Implications for the Lisbon Strategy (INFER Advances in Economic Research Series). [H. n.]: Edward Elgar Publishing. Online: https://doi.org/10.4337/9781781007464.00008 IMD (2024): IMD World Competitiveness Yearbook 2024. Lausanne: IMD World Competitiveness Center. IMD Talent (2024): IMD World Talent Ranking 2024. Lausanne: Institute for Management Development. LETTA, Enrico (2024): Much More Than a Market: Speed, Security, Solidarity. Online: https://single-market-economy.ec.europa.eu/new/enrico-lettas-report-future-single-market-2024-04-10_en DRAGHI, Mario (2024): The Draghi Report: A Competitiveness Strategy for Europe (Part A), In-depth Analysis and Recommendations, EC (Part B). Online: https://commission.europa.eu/topics/eu-competitiveness/draghi-report_en Eurpean Investment Bank (2024): EIB Investment Survey 2024. European Union Overview. Luxembourg. Online: https://doi.org/10.2867/53 European Commission (2010): Communication from the Commission. A Strategy for Smart, Sustainable and Inclusive Growth. Brussels. Online: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=COM:2010:2020:FIN:en:PDF European Commission (2023): EU Competitiveness Beyond. 2030: Looking Ahead at the Occasion of the 30th Anniversary of the Single Market. Online: https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/ip_23_1668 KOK, Wim (2004): Facing the Challenge. The Lisbon Strategy for Growth and Development. Report from the High Level Group Chaired by Wim KOK. EC. 2004. november. Online: https://ec.europa.eu/councils/bx20041105/kok_report_en.pdf" ["copyrightYear"]=> int(2025) ["issueId"]=> int(646) ["licenseUrl"]=> string(49) "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0" ["pages"]=> string(4) "5-24" ["pub-id::doi"]=> string(20) "10.32566/ah.2025.2.1" ["abstract"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(884) "

The paper analyses the several competitiveness programs of the EU, and calls attention to the weak points like the neglect of human and social aspects. The studies focus on developing technologies and spending considerable amount of money on them. It is less discussed however that human and social aspects also play significant role in improving competitiveness. It is also a problem that while the EU consists of 27 member states which are extremely different in terms of development and competitiveness, but the different studies do not pay any attention to this fact. In conclusion this article, based on statistical data, will prove that without looking for solutions to decrease development and competitiveness differences among the member states and focus more attention on human and societal issues it will not be possible to genuinely improve European competitiveness.

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A cikk elemzi az EU különböző versenyképességi programjait rámutatva arra, hogy azok gyenge pontja az emberi és társadalmi oldal fontosságának elhanyagolása. A tanulmányok középpontjában ugyanis a technológiák fejlesztése, az ezekbe történő jelentős beruházások és azok finanszírozása van. Kevesebb szó esik azonban arról, hogy a versenyképesség javításában jelentős szerepet játszanak az emberi és társadalmi tényezők is. További probléma, hogy bár az EU 27 nagyon eltérő fejlettségű és versenyképességű országból áll, a versenyképességi tanulmányok mégsem tárgyalják azt a kérdést, hogy az egyes országok versenyképességének javítása nélkül az EU versenyképessége sem javítható. A cikk statisztikai adatokra támaszkodva mutatja be, hogy az országok közötti versenyképességi és fejlettségi különbségek csökkentése, valamint a humán és társadalmi tényezőkre való nagyobb odafigyelés feltétele lenne annak, hogy az EU egészének versenyképessége is javuljon.

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object(Publication)#176 (6) { ["_data"]=> array(29) { ["id"]=> int(8164) ["accessStatus"]=> int(0) ["datePublished"]=> string(10) "2025-07-29" ["lastModified"]=> string(19) "2025-07-29 13:03:09" ["primaryContactId"]=> int(10390) ["sectionId"]=> int(67) ["seq"]=> int(2) ["submissionId"]=> int(8040) ["status"]=> int(3) ["version"]=> int(1) ["categoryIds"]=> array(0) { } ["citationsRaw"]=> string(4347) "ACHESON, David (2019): The Digital Defamation Damages Dilemma. Online: https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3481760 ANTONIOU, Alexandros (2022): Wagatha Christie: What the Judgement Said, and What It Means for Future Libel Litigants. The Conversation (UK), 2022. augusztus 1. Online: https://theconversation.com/wagatha-christie-what-the-judgment-said-and-what-it-means-for-future-libel-litigants-187955 BERNAL, Paul (2014): A Defence of Responsible Tweeting. Communications Law, 19(1), 12–19. BEZEMEK, Christoph – DUMBROVSKY, Tomas (2020): The Concept of Public Interest. Graz Law Working Paper, No1-2020, a Prágai Károly Egyetem Jogi Karának kutatási dokumentuma. Online: https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3701204 BLAIR, Alexandra (2023): Amateur Sleuths and Online Truths: Defamation Lawsuits in the Internet Age of True Crime. SSRN, 31–32. Online: https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4666365 BOYDEN, Bruce E. (2012): Oversharing: Facebook Discovery and the Unbearable Sameness of Internet Law. Arkansas Law Review, 65(1). Online: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2012121 CAMPBELL, John (2014): A rágalmazás jogának folyamatos változásai. A mulasztás kérdése, valamint a jó hírnévhez és a véleménynyilvánításhoz való jog összeegyeztetése az angolszáz jogrendekben napjainkban. In Medias Res, 3(1), 1–40. Online: https://szakcikkadatbazis.hu/doc/4820262 CLARKE, Barry (2016): Revealed: The Stuff of Life on Screen Now. Tribunals, 1, 8–11. Online: https://www.judiciary.uk/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/clarke_perils-of-the-online-world-pt2-summer2013.pdf CONNOLLY, Rachel (2022): For Influencers, Social Justice Is No More Than a Branding Device. Irish Examiner, 2022. február 10. Online: HOPKINS, Christopher B. (2012): Discovery of Facebook Contents in Florida Cases. American Journal of Trial Advocacy, 31(2). KENYON, Andrew T. (2024): A rágalmazás szabályozása, a Sullivan-ügy és a szólásszabadság megjelenési formája. STONE, Adrienne – SCHAUER, Frederick [szerk.]: A szólásszabadság oxfordi kézikönyve. Budapest: Orac, 299–322. KOLTAY András (2014): A sajtó-helyreigazítási jog. CSEHI Zoltán – KOLTAY András – NAVRATYIL Zoltán (szerk.): A személyiség és a média a polgári és a büntetőjogban Az új Polgári Törvénykönyvre és az új Büntető Törvénykönyvre tekintettel. Budapest: Wolters Kluwer, 289–356. KOLTAY András (2024): Sajtószabadság. Egy közös európai eszme szabályozása. Budapest: Orac. KOVÁCS Helga (2025): Miért szubjektív az objektív? Az „átlagolvasó” fogalmának felhasználása a személyiségi jogi perekben. In Medias Res, 1. Megjelenés alatt. Online: https://doi.org/10.59851/imr.14.1.3 LIU, Ruiteng (2020): Innovation and Reform: Applying New Zealand's Public Interest Defence in Defamation to Social Media and Blogs. Victoria University of Wellington Legal Research Paper, 21, 1–46. Online: https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3599683 LOMONTE, Frank D. – LEIBERT, Stephanie (2023): Internet Famous: Are Online Influencers and Micro-Celebrities Public Figures Under Defamation Law? Missouri Law Review, 88(3), 715–749. Online: https://ssrn.com/abstract=4678037 LOVELL, Jessica (2019): A Closer Look at Public Interest Defence. Inforrm’s Blog – The International Forum for Responsible Media Blog, 2019. április 3. Online: https://inforrm.org/2019/04/03/a-closer-look-at-the-public-interest-defence-jessica-lovell/ ONG’ONG’A, Daniel Oloo (2021): Exploring the Social Social Media Culture of Commenting: YouTube Users Sentiment’s of „Misinformation” on International News Media Sphere. Social Communication, 22(1), 90–100. Online: https://doi.org/10.2478/sc-2021-0009 POPOVICS Anett (2023): Az influenszer marketing hatása a fogyasztói döntésekre. Vállalkozásfejlesztés a XXI. században, 1, 78–87. Online: https://kgk.uni-obuda.hu/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/VF_2023_I_09.pdf RAAB, Charles D. (2012): Privacy, Social Values and the Public Interest. BUSCH, A. – HOFMANN, J. (szerk.): Politik und die Regulierung von Information (Politische Vierteljahresschrift, Sonderheft 46.). Online: https://doi.org/10.5771/9783845238340-133 YOUNG, Hilary (2019): Reynolds V Times Newspapers. ROLPH, David (szerk.): Landmark Cases in Defamation Law. Sydney: Hart Publishing. Online: https://doi.org/10.5040/9781509916757.ch-009" ["copyrightYear"]=> int(2025) ["issueId"]=> int(646) ["licenseUrl"]=> string(49) "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0" ["pages"]=> string(5) "25-53" ["pub-id::doi"]=> string(20) "10.32566/ah.2025.2.2" ["abstract"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(744) "

The Wagatha Christie case is the latest emblematic piece of English defamation law. The difficulties of proof have raised some of the legal problems of electronic comments. The extremely heterogeneous user base of social media is not to be confused with the average reader of the traditional press. The courts recognise that the use of platforms has created different reading habits and this may have different legal consequences. However, the legal liability of lay producers of public content is uncertain. Typically, such problems are the relationship between influencers who use online platforms for commercial marketing purposes and public appearances, and the legal assessment of content that concerns the debate of public affairs.

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A Wagatha Christie per az angol rágalmazási jog legújabb emblematikus darabja. A bizonyítás nehézségei felvetették az elektronikus kommentek néhány jogi problémáját. A közösségi médiában a rendkívül heterogén felhasználói tömeget nem szerencsés a hagyományos sajtó átlagolvasójaként elképzelni. A bíróságok felismerik, hogy a platformok használata eltérő olvasói szokásokat teremtett, és ennek eltérő jogi következményei is lehetnek. A nyilvános tartalmak laikus előállítóinak jogi felelőssége azonban bizonytalan. Tipikusan ilyen probléma az online platformokat kereskedelmi marketing céllal használó influenszerek és a közszereplés közötti kapcsolat, valamint a közügyek vitáját érintő tartalmak jogi értékelése.

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object(Publication)#108 (6) { ["_data"]=> array(30) { ["id"]=> int(8494) ["accessStatus"]=> int(0) ["datePublished"]=> string(10) "2025-07-29" ["lastModified"]=> string(19) "2025-07-29 13:03:08" ["primaryContactId"]=> int(10848) ["sectionId"]=> int(67) ["seq"]=> int(3) ["submissionId"]=> int(8370) ["status"]=> int(3) ["version"]=> int(1) ["categoryIds"]=> array(0) { } ["citationsRaw"]=> string(1700) "SZOBOSZLAI-KISS, Katalin (2017): Law and Morality. Jog–Állam–Politika, 3, 169–172. Online: https://szakcikkadatbazis.hu/doc/1430336 MÁLIK József Zoltán (2006): Analitikus társadalomelmélet. A racionális választások döntéselméleti és játékelméleti alapelvei. Budapest: Magánkiadás. PENROSE, Roger (1993): A császár új elméje: Számítógépek, gondolkodás és a fizika törvényei. Budapest Akadémiai 128-140. POLÁNYI Mihály (1992a): Polányi Mihály filozófiai írásai I. Budapest: Atlantisz. POLÁNYI Mihály (1992b): Polányi Mihály filozófiai írásai II. Budapest: Atlantisz. POLÁNYI Mihály (1994a): Személyes tudás 1. Út egy posztkritikai filozófiához. Budapest: Atlantisz. POLÁNYI Mihály (1994b): Személyes tudás 2.: Út egy posztkritikai filozófiához. Budapest: Atlantisz. POLÁNYI Mihály (1997): Tudomány és ember. Három tanulmány. Budapest: Argumentum. STRAUSS, Leo (1994): Mi a politikai filozófia? Világosság, 35(7), 20–50. STRAUSS, Leo (1996): A modernitás három hulláma. Világosság, 37(6), 60–71. STRAUSS, Leo (1999): Természetjog és történelem. [Ford. LÁNCZI András]. Budapest: Pallas Stúdió – Attraktor. WEBER, Max (1967): Gazdaság és társadalom. Szemelvények. Budapest: Közgazdasági és Jogi. WEBER, Max (1970): Állam, politika, tudomány. Tanulmányok. Budapest: Közgazdasági és Jogi. WEBER, Max (1995): Gazdaság és társadalom. A megértő szociológia alapvonalai. A gazdaság, a társadalmi rend és a társadalmi hatalom formái. Budapest: Közgazdasági és Jogi. WEBER, Max (1998): A politika, mint hivatás. In WEBER, Max: Tanulmányok. Budapest: Osiris, 156–209." ["copyrightYear"]=> int(2025) ["issueId"]=> int(646) ["licenseUrl"]=> string(49) "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0" ["pages"]=> string(5) "55-64" ["pub-id::doi"]=> string(20) "10.32566/ah.2025.2.3" ["abstract"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(1168) "

This paper examines the intersection of political epistemology and formal logic through a comparative analysis of Max Weber’s critics – primarily Leo Strauss and Michael Polanyi – via Gödel’s incompleteness theorem. It is argued that both Strauss’s critique of value-neutrality and Polanyi’s conception of personal knowledge exemplify propositions that, while epistemically valid, resist formal proof within the prevailing methodological frameworks of the social sciences. Drawing on game-theoretic logic, the study constructs a metaphorical yet structurally coherent model in which Weber’s rational-legal authority paradigm, and its critiques, are mapped onto Gödelian structures of undecidability and incompleteness. The proposed framework reveals how epistemological pluralism and moral subjectivity in political analysis can be represented through recursive decision structures and unprovable axioms. Ultimately, this synthesis challenges the rigid separation between formalist logic and normative political thought, advocating for a transdisciplinary approach that integrates logical indeterminacy into the methodology of political science.

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A tanulmány Max Weber társadalomtudományi metodológiájának kritikai reflexióit – különösen Leo Strauss értéksemlegesség-értelmezését és Polányi Mihály személyes tudáselméletét – elemzi Gödel első nemteljességi tételének fogalmi analógiáján keresztül. A dolgozat központi tézise szerint e kritikák olyan episztemológiailag megalapozott állításokat képviselnek, amelyek a társadalomtudomány formális keretein belül nem bizonyíthatók, mégis érvényes igazságként értelmezhetők. Játékelméleti modell segítségével a tanulmány olyan döntési és reflexiós struktúrákat vázol fel, amelyek a weberi racionalitás, valamint annak kritikusai közötti viszonyrendszert Gödel-típusú eldönthetetlenségi viszonyokként ragadják meg. Ez a megközelítés rámutat a formális logikai rendszerek és a normatív politikai gondolkodás közötti transzdiszciplináris kapcsolat lehetőségére, és új episztemológiai horizontokat nyit a politikatudomány számára.

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DÓZSA, Katalin – SIMONOVICS, Ildikó – SZATMÁRI, Judit – SZŰCS, Péter (2012): A Magyar Divat 1116 éve. Budapest: Absolut Media Zrt. FLÓRIÁN, Mária (1993): The Image of ‘Hungarian dress’ in Europe. Acta Ethnographica Hungarica, 38(1–3), 69–92. Online: https://real-j.mtak.hu/2955/1/ActaEthnographica_38.pdf GRUSIECKI, Tomasz (2018): Uprooting Origins: Polish–Lithuanian Art and the Challenge of Pluralism. In HOCK, Beáta – ALLAS, Anu (eds.): Globalizing East European Art Histories. Past and Present. New York: Routledge, 25–38. Online: https://doi.org/10.4324/9781351187190-2 GRZYBOWSKI, Stanisław (1996): Sarmatyzm. Warszawa: Krajowa Agencja Wydawnicza. GUILE, Carolyn C. (2018): Reflections on the Politics of Portraiture in Early Modern Poland. In HOCK, Beáta – ALLAS, Anu (eds.): Globalizing East European Art Histories. Past and Present. New York: Routledge, 83–97. Online: https://doi.org/10.4324/9781351187190-6 GVADÁNYI, József (1790): Egy falusi nótáriusnak budai utazása. Pozsony: J. 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Košice: Kassai Polgári Klub, 8–14. TAZBIR, Janusz (1978): Kultura szlachecka w Polsce: rozkwit, upadek, relikty. Warszawa: Wiedza Powszechna. TEMESVÁRY, Ferenc (1989): Vas, ezüst és arany. Nemzeti történelmünk fegyverei. A kiállítás katalógusa. Keszthely: Helikon – Festetics Kastély. TOMAŠOVIČOVÁ, Terézia – ULIČNÝ, Pavol (2020): Aristokratický odev v novovekom Uhorsku – vybrané aspekty problematiky [Aristocratic clothing in modern Hungary – selected aspects of the issue]. In Monument revue, 9(1), 82–89. TOMPOS, Lilla (2003): Der Wandel der ungarischen Tracht vom 16. zum 19. Jahrhundert. In KISS, Erika – TOMPOS, Lilla (eds.): Geschichten in Gold. Ékes krónika. Budapest: Magyar Nemzeti Múzeum, 15–22. TOMPOS, Lilla (2005): A díszmagyar. Budapest: Magyar Mercurius. TOMPOS, Lilla (2022): Hatások, Jelek, Irányok. Budapest: Martin Opitz. TRENCSÉNYI, Balázs – KOPEČEK, Michal eds. (2006): Discourses of Collective Identity in Central and Southeast Europe (1775–1945): Texts and Commentaries, Volume I: Late Enlightenment. Emergence of the Modern ‘National Idea’. Budapest: CEU Press. TRENCSÉNYI, Balázs – KOPEČEK, Michal eds. (2007): Discourses of Collective Identity in Central and Southeast Europe (1775–1945): Texts and Commentaries, Volume II: National Romanticism. The Formation of National Movements. Budapest: CEU Press. TURNAU, Irena (1991): History of Dress in Central and Eastern Europe from the Sixteenth to the Eighteenth Century. Warsaw: Institute of the History of Material Culture, Polish Academy of Sciences. WĘGRZYN, Iwona (2021): Sarmatyzm i biedermeier. Granice, cezury, przepływy. W kręgu galicyjskich spadkobiercow Soplicy. In Prace Filologiczne. Literaturoznawstwo, 11(14), 161–182. Online: https://doi.org/10.32798/pflit.602 ZARYCKI, Tomasz (2014): Ideologies of Eastness in Central and Eastern Europe. London: Routledge. 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The paper works with a hypothesis that the Hungarian ceremonial (decorative or "gala") attire of the 19^th and early 20^th century was a special expression of the national, political, legal and constitutional ideology of the Hungarian noble elite of these centuries. It served as a symbol of the legitimacy of Hungary’s quest for independence within the Habsburg Empire, as well as of the nationalist idea of the dominance of Magyars in the Kingdom of Hungary itself. In order to emphasise the specificity of Magyars and of the Hungarian Kingdom, the designers of both the clothing as well as of its jewellery accessories drew on historical sources, but also on oriental sources. In the 19^th century, this symbolic meaning, together with economic goals – especially the achievement of self-sufficiency in textile production and the clothing industry – cumulatively contributed to the heyday of the “díszmagyar” fashion.

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Bratislava: Obzor. HOZÁK, Július – KOSTICKÝ, Bohumír – SLOBODA, Elo (1975): Ľud v boji za slobodu (Pamätnica k 30. výročiu oslobodenia). Bratislava: Osveta. KOVÁČ, Dušan (2017): Bratislava 1939–1945. Bratislava: Albert Marenčin – Vydavateľstvo PT. KRČMÁRIK, Radovan (2023): Slavín ako symbol Putinovej politiky? Aktivisti žiadajú, aby ho zhasli. Pravda.sk, 10 February 2023. Online: https://kultura.pravda.sk/na-citanie/clanok/656207-slavin-ako-symbol-putinovej-politiky-peticia-ziada-aby-ho-zhasli KRNO, Martin (2021): Slavín, pamätník s antickým šmrncom. Bojovník, 66(5). Online: https://bojovnik.info/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/boj-5-2021_s1-12.pdf KRNO, Martin (2023): Prapodivná výzva: Slavín je schizofrénny maják boja za slobodu. Nové slovo, 10 February 2023. Online: https://noveslovo.eu/domov/prapodivna-vyzva-slavin-je-schizofrenny-majak-boja-za-slobodu/ KUSÁ, Alexandra (2018): Bratislavský Slavín cintorín – pomník – pamätník politika využíva smrť. In RAGAČOVÁ, Júlia – ŠKRINÁROVÁ, Alexandra (eds.): Kultúrne dedičstvo 2018: Ars moriendi. Banská Štiavnica: Združenie historických miest a obcí Slovenskej republiky, 69–76. ORIŠKOVÁ, Mária (2002): Dvojhlasné dejiny umenia. Bratislava: Petrus. Pravda – TASR (2022): Pamätník Slavín niekto natrel na žlto a modro. Pravda, 3 March 2022. Online: https://spravy.pravda.sk/domace/clanok/618792-pamatnik-slavin-buiekto-natrel-na-zlto-a-modro RAWLS, John (1995): Teorie spravedlnosti. Praha: Victoria Publishing. SNA, f. Povereníctva vnútra – vojnové hroby, c. no. 23. SNA, f. Úradu predsedníctva Zboru povereníkov – sekretariát, c. no. 55, no. 332/1958 – sekretariát. SNA, f. Zbor povereníkov – Úrad predsedníctva Zboru povereníkov, sign. Sekretariát, 1957 c. 55, no. 117, Závěrečná správa odborní komise o posouzení ůvodního projektu výstavby památníku Padlých hrdinů Sovětské armády na Slavíne v Bratislavě SNA (Slovak National Archive), f. (fund) výtvarných umení Bratislava, (1936) 1949 – 2005, c. (carton) no. 80. Ta3 (2012): Štvormetrovú sochu Stalina pred SNG obliali farbou. Ta3, 24 July 2012. Online: https://www.ta3.com/clanok/16131/stvormetrovu-sochu-stalina-pred-sng-obliali-farbou TASR (2023): Slavín sa zahalil do ukrajinských farieb, modro-žltý bol i Prezidentský palác. Tvnoviny.sk, 24 February 2023. Online: https://tvnoviny.sk/domace/clanok/652153-slavin-sa-zahalil-do-ukrajinskych-farieb-modro-zlty-bol-i-prezidenstky-palac?campaignsrc=tn_clipboard VAŠÍČEK, Zdeněk – MAYER, Francoise (2008): Minulost a současnost, paměť a dějiny. Praha: Centrum pro studium demokracie a kultury. YOUNG, James E. (2004): Pamäť/Monument. In NELSON, Robert S.– SHIFF, Richard (eds.): Kritické pojmy dejín umenia. Bratislava: Slovart, 277–294. Zem & vek (2023): Slavín vo svelte pravdy. Zem & vek, 25 February 2023. Online: https://zemavek.sk/slavin-vo-svetle-pravdy Zvtv (2023): Oslava 78. výročia ukončenia 2. svetovej vojny na Slavíne. YouTube, 8 May 2023. Online: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=noAHemHLUXw Legal sources Act No. 22/1958 Coll. on Cultural Monuments Act No. 84/1990 Coll. on the Right of Assembly Act No. 369/1990 Coll. on Municipal Establishment Act No. 582/2004 Coll. on Local Taxes and Local Fees for Municipal Waste and Minor Construction Waste Act No. 49/2002 Coll. on the Protection of Monuments and Historic Sites" ["copyrightYear"]=> int(2025) ["issueId"]=> int(646) ["licenseUrl"]=> string(49) "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0" ["pages"]=> string(6) "83-110" ["pub-id::doi"]=> string(20) "10.32566/ah.2025.2.5" ["abstract"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(695) "

The article presents an object of public area and also a national cultural monument and a cemetery – the Slavín monument. The author primarily analyses period documents and thus presents the historical-artistic and ideological (propagandist) side of the monument. Subsequently, the author works with the monument from the point of view of historical memory, forgetting and bending of history, while identifies the most significant shortcomings of the monument. In the last part of the article, the author analyses the legal regulation of the monument and offers options that would anchor Slavín as an urban dominant in the 21^st century, both ideologically and artistically.

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object(Publication)#808 (6) { ["_data"]=> array(30) { ["id"]=> int(8498) ["accessStatus"]=> int(0) ["datePublished"]=> string(10) "2025-07-29" ["lastModified"]=> string(19) "2025-07-29 13:03:08" ["primaryContactId"]=> int(10852) ["sectionId"]=> int(67) ["seq"]=> int(6) ["submissionId"]=> int(8374) ["status"]=> int(3) ["version"]=> int(1) ["categoryIds"]=> array(0) { } ["citationsRaw"]=> string(2950) "Amnesty International (2021): Exploited and forgotten: Syrian refugees in Lebanon’s Informal Economy. Online: https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/mde18/5444/2021/en/ BETTS, Alexander – COLLIER, Paul (2017): Refuge. Transforming a Broken Refugee System. London: Penguin Random House. BETTS, Alexander – BLOOM, Louise – WEAVER, Nina (2015): Refugee Innovation: Humanitarian Innovation that Starts with Communities. Oxford: Refugee Studies Centre, University of Oxford. Online: https://www.rsc.ox.ac.uk/files/files-1/refugee-innovation-web.pdf CARENS, Joseph H. (2013): The Ethics of Immigration. New York: Oxford University Press. CRISP, Jeff (2003): Refugee Protection in Regions of Origin: Potential and Challenges. Migration Policy Institute, 2003. december 1. Online: https://www.migrationpolicy.org/article/refugee-protection-regions-origin-potential-and-challenges EZZEDINE, Dunia Mohamad (2019): Shelter in Urban Displacement: A Case Study of Syrian Refugees in the Shatila Palestinian Refugee Camp, Beirut (Lebanon). American University of Beirut. Online: https://scholarworks.aub.edu.lb/handle/10938/21820 FIDDIAN-QASMIYEH, Elena (2016): Refugee–Refugee Relations in Contexts of Overlapping Displacement. International Journal of Urban and Regional Research. Online: https://doi.org/10.56949/2CTU2450 GHANEM, Hafez (2016): The Arab Spring Five Years Later: Toward Greater Inclusiveness. Washington D.C.: Brookings Institution Press. Online: https://doi.org/10.5771/9780815727194 International Rescue Committee (IRC) (2020): Pushed to the brink: The impact of COVID-19 on Lebanon’s economic crisis and Syrian refugees. International Rescue Committee. Online: https://www.rescue.org/report/pushed-brink-impact-covid-19-lebanons-economic-crisis-and-syrian-refugees KOSER, Khalid (2018): Refugees and Migrants. In Weiss, Thomas G. – Wilkinson, Rorden (eds.): International Organization and Global Governance. London: Routledge. Online: https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315301914-60 PEITZ, Laura – BALIKI, Ghassan – FERGUSON, Neil T. N. – BRÜCK, Tilman (2023): Do Work Permits Work? The Impacts of Formal Labor Market Integration of Syrian Refugees in Jordan. Journal of Refugee Studies, 36(4), 955–983. Online: https://doi.org/10.1093/jrs/fead064 TURNER, Lewis (2020): Refugee Recognition Regime Country Profile: Jordan. Refugee Recognition Regime Project. Online: https://www.academia.edu/107312332/Refugee_Recognition_Regime_Country_Profile_Jordan UNHCR (2020): Jordan: Zaatari Camp Factsheet (December 2020). Online: https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/84263 UNHCR (2022): 1951 Refugee Convention. Online: https://www.unhcr.org/1951-refugee-convention.html World Bank (2021): MENA Regional Update: Living with Debt: How Institutions Can Chart a Path to Recovery. World Bank. Online: https://thedocs.worldbank.org/en/doc/e1ee32f3549c5283c46ca44047843890-0280012021/world-bank-2021-mena-regional-update" ["copyrightYear"]=> int(2025) ["issueId"]=> int(646) ["licenseUrl"]=> string(49) "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0" ["pages"]=> string(7) "111-117" ["pub-id::doi"]=> string(20) "10.32566/ah.2025.2.6" ["abstract"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(663) "

This article examines the complex landscape of refugee protection in Jordan and Lebanon. Both countries, despite hosting millions of refugees, have not ratified the 1951 Refugee Convention or its 1967 Protocol. Consequently, they rely on temporary arrangements and ad hoc policies that leave refugees vulnerable. The study compares the legal frameworks and service provision in both nations, analyses their dependence on international aid, and discusses the broader economic and political challenges shaping refugee management in the region. Policy recommendations are provided to encourage the development of sustainable legal and institutional solutions.

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The theoretical foundations of development aid and the question of how to provide it correctly and without causing further harm are central to academic thinking on the subject. In this paper, we examine the forms and extent to which soft and hard power manifest themselves in international aid relations. Our line of thinking is based on the consideration that international aid is part of politics in the broadest sense and typically takes place between state actors. Therefore, we first examine power in the international relations system as a whole and then turn to aid cooperation with the aim of highlighting the theoretical conditions that shape regimes and can determine and reinterpret the donor-recipient relationship.

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A fejlesztési segélyezés elvi megalapozása, a helyes, károkozás nélkül történő segélynyújtás kérdése a rezsimmel kapcsolatos tudományos gondolkodás központi része. Írásunkban azt vizsgáljuk, hogy a hatalom és az erő milyen formában, mértékben jelenik meg a nemzetközi segélyezési relációkban. Gondolatmenetünket abból a megfontolásból vezetjük le, hogy a nemzetközi segélyezés a legszélesebb értelemben vett politika része, és jellemzően állami szereplők között zajlik. Ezért először a nemzetközi kapcsolatok rendszerének egészében vizsgáljuk a hatalmat, majd ezután fordulunk a segélyezés felé azzal a céllal, hogy rámutassunk azokra a rezsimet alakító elméleti körülményekre, amelyek meghatározhatják és újraértelmezhetik a donor és a recipiens kapcsolatát.

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object(Publication)#809 (6) { ["_data"]=> array(30) { ["id"]=> int(8499) ["accessStatus"]=> int(0) ["datePublished"]=> string(10) "2025-07-29" ["lastModified"]=> string(19) "2025-07-29 13:03:08" ["primaryContactId"]=> int(10853) ["sectionId"]=> int(67) ["seq"]=> int(8) ["submissionId"]=> int(8375) ["status"]=> int(3) ["version"]=> int(1) ["categoryIds"]=> array(0) { } ["citationsRaw"]=> string(1031) "ARGYROUS, George (2009): Evidence for Policy and Decision-Making. Sydney: UNSW Press. BELL, Stephen – HINDMOOR, Andrew (2009): Rethinking Governance. The Centrality of the State in Modern Society. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Online: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511814617 BOVENS, Mark – `T HART, Paul (1996): Understanding Policy Fiascoes. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction. BRÄNDSTRÖM, Annika – KUIPERS, Sanneke (2003): From ’Normal Incidents’ to Political Crises. Government and Opposition, 38(3), 279–305. Online: https://doi.org/10.1111/1477-7053.t01-1-00016 FERENCZ Jácint (2021): Közgazdaságtan és közgazdasági kutatás: a munkajogi szabályozás hatásvizsgálatának általános kérdései. In BIEŚ-SROKOSZ, Paulina (szerk.): Aktuális jogalkotási problémák a közép- és kelet-európai országokban. Czestochow: Jana Długosza w Częstochowie, 55–63. GAJDUSCHEK György – HAJNAL György (2023): Közpolitika: a gyakorlat elmélete és az elmélet gyakorlata. Budapest: HVG-ORAC." ["copyrightYear"]=> int(2025) ["issueId"]=> int(646) ["licenseUrl"]=> string(49) "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0" ["pages"]=> string(7) "135-142" ["pub-id::doi"]=> string(20) "10.32566/ah.2025.2.8" ["abstract"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(461) "

The concepts of public policy failure and fiasco are often used in political discourse to describe the ineffectiveness of a policy, programme or action. Public policy failures are not only a failure to achieve the expected results, but often also highlight deeper social, economic or political problems. Failures can be caused by a variety of factors, including design flaws, implementation shortcomings, lack of resources or even lack of political will.

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A közpolitikai kudarc és fiaskó fogalmát gyakran használják a politikai diskurzusban egy adott politika, program vagy intézkedés eredménytelenségének leírására. A közpolitikai kudarcok nemcsak a várt eredmények elmaradását jelentik, hanem gyakran mélyebb társadalmi, gazdasági vagy politikai problémákra is rávilágítanak. A kudarcok hátterében számos ok állhat, többek között a tervezési hibák, a végrehajtás hiányosságai, az erőforrások hiánya vagy akár a politikai akarat hiánya.

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object(Publication)#821 (6) { ["_data"]=> array(29) { ["id"]=> int(8133) ["accessStatus"]=> int(0) ["datePublished"]=> string(10) "2025-07-29" ["lastModified"]=> string(19) "2025-07-29 13:03:09" ["primaryContactId"]=> int(10344) ["sectionId"]=> int(67) ["seq"]=> int(9) ["submissionId"]=> int(8009) ["status"]=> int(3) ["version"]=> int(1) ["categoryIds"]=> array(0) { } ["citationsRaw"]=> string(3883) "BALAAJI, Madhu – MALAIMAGAL, S. (2018): A Study on Sexual Harassment on Women in India. International Journal of Current Advanced Research, 7(2), 9980–9985. Online: http://dx.doi.org/10.24327/ijcar.2018 Bizz Buzz (2024): With Proven Dexterity, Indian Women Coming of Age in Armed Forces. Bizz Buzz, 23 October 2024. Online: https://www.bizzbuzz.news/opinion/with-proven-dexterity-indian-women-coming-of-age-in-armed-forces-1340110 Equal Measures 2030 (2024): Findings form the 2024 SDG Gender Index. A Gender Equal Future in Crisis? Online: https://equalmeasures2030.org/2024-sdg-gender-index/ KUMARI, Ankita – SHASTRI, Swati (2024): The Role of Women in the Sepoy Mutiny. International Research Journal of Humanities and Interdisciplinary Studies (IRJHIS), 5(4), 27–44. Online: https://doi-ds.org/doilink/04.2024-62547534/IRJHIS2404004 Ministry of External Affairs, Government of India (2025): EAM’s remarks during the Inaugural session of the Conference for Women Peacekeepers from the Global South: Women in Peacekeeping – A Global South Perspective (February 24, 2025). Online: https://www.mea.gov.in/Speeches-Statements.htm?dtl/39099/EAMs_remarks_during_the_Inaugural_session_of_the_Conference_for_Women_Peacekeepers_from_the_Global_South__Women_in_Peacekeeping__A_Global_South_Perspe Ministry of Women and Child Development (2025): Empowering India’s Daughters. A Decade of Beti Bachao Beti Padhao’s Success. 21 January 2025. Online: https://pib.gov.in/PressReleaseIframePage.aspx?PRID=2094929 MISHRA, Yogesh – MOHANTY, Upasana – JESWANI, Shrishti – PANDA, Pallavi (2022): The Changing Contours of Women in Armed Forces: A Comparative Study of India and Israel. SSRN Electronic Journal. Online: https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4110311 OKPE, Vincent Victor – OTHMAN, Fuad Mohammad – OSMAN, Nazariah (2021): Women Political Participation in Africa and Asia: Prospects and Challenges. Journal of Governance and Development, 17(1), 43–73. Online: https://doi.org/10.32890/jgd2021.17.1.4 PANDEY, B. K. (2015): Induction of Women into the IAF as Fighter Pilots. SP’s Aviation, December 2015. Online: https://www.sps-aviation.com/story/?id=1794 SENGUPTA, Nandini – BASU, Moupia (2023): Women’s Voices from History: Gond Rani Durgawati and Rani Lakshmibhai. Monsoon: Journal of the Souh Asian Studies Association, 2(1), 63–76. Online: https://digitalcommons.lmu.edu/monsoon-sasa-journal/vol2/iss1/5?utm_source=digitalcommons.lmu.edu%2Fmonsoon-sasa-journal%2Fvol2%2Fiss1%2F5&utm_medium=PDF&utm_campaign=PDFCoverPages The Hindu Bureau (2024): SC Uses Plenary Powers to Allow a Woman Army Officer’s Plea for Permanent Commission. The Hindu, 9 December 2024. Online: https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/sc-uses-plenary-powers-to-allow-a-woman-army-officers-plea-for-permanent-commission/article68965815.ece UNFPA (2022): Policy Brief India. Digital Ecosystem Analysis on Child Marriage in India. Online: https://asiapacific.unfpa.org/sites/default/files/pub-pdf/child_marriage_policy_brief_india_1_0.pdf United Nations (2016): Hailed as ‘Role Models,’ All-Female Indian Police Unit Departs UN Mission in Liberia. 22 February 2016. Online https://news.un.org/en/story/2016/02/522102-feature-hailed-role-models-all-female-indian-police-unit-departs-un-mission United Nations India (2025): A Shift from ‘Can Women Do Peacekeeping?’ to ‘Can Peacekeeping Do Without Women?’ – Global South Forum. 26 February 2025. Online: https://india.un.org/en/289882-shift-%E2%80%98can-women-do-peacekeeping%E2%80%99-%E2%80%98can-peacekeeping-do-without-women%E2%80%99-global-south-forum World Economic Forum (2017): Europe, Africa or Asia – Which Region Will Close the Economic Gender Gap First? 8 March 2017. Online: https://www.weforum.org/stories/2017/03/europe-africa-or-asia-which-region-will-close-the-economic-gender-gap-first/" ["copyrightYear"]=> int(2025) ["issueId"]=> int(646) ["licenseUrl"]=> string(49) "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0" ["pages"]=> string(7) "143-149" ["pub-id::doi"]=> string(20) "10.32566/ah.2025.2.9" ["abstract"]=> array(1) { ["en_US"]=> string(1342) "

Gender roles and patriarchy has often limited women’s participation in society and challenged their possible contributions to the community and the nation. While the 20^th and the 21^st century brough positive changes to women’s rights and role in the society across the developed and in many parts of the developing world, women still remain burdened with traditional gender defined roles and responsibilities in the developing world.

The paper explores the evolving role of women in the developing world, with a focus on India and explore the changing attitudes towards women’s participation and role in the defence services.  While traditionally a male dominated profession, women in India have created space within the profession, and have become an integral part of the Indian armed forces.

The paper further explores India’s efforts in creating a women’s only peacekeeping group, which have successfully carried out peacekeeping missions in Africa and represents a major milestone for the empowerment of women and women’s leadership in the developing world.

The paper also examines the opportunities and challenges facing women in the Indian armed forces, and how structural challenges still limit women’s participation and access to leadership positions in the profession.

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recenzió

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