Refugee Protection in Jordan and Lebanon: Legal Frameworks, Service Provision, and Socioeconomic Challenges in a Turbulent Region
Copyright (c) 2025 Meera Hamed Falah Alma'aitah

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Absztrakt
This article examines the complex landscape of refugee protection in Jordan and Lebanon. Both countries, despite hosting millions of refugees, have not ratified the 1951 Refugee Convention or its 1967 Protocol. Consequently, they rely on temporary arrangements and ad hoc policies that leave refugees vulnerable. The study compares the legal frameworks and service provision in both nations, analyses their dependence on international aid, and discusses the broader economic and political challenges shaping refugee management in the region. Policy recommendations are provided to encourage the development of sustainable legal and institutional solutions.
Kulcsszavak:
Hogyan kell idézni
Hivatkozások
Amnesty International (2021): Exploited and forgotten: Syrian refugees in Lebanon’s Informal Economy. Online: https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/mde18/5444/2021/en/
BETTS, Alexander – COLLIER, Paul (2017): Refuge. Transforming a Broken Refugee System. London: Penguin Random House.
BETTS, Alexander – BLOOM, Louise – WEAVER, Nina (2015): Refugee Innovation: Humanitarian Innovation that Starts with Communities. Oxford: Refugee Studies Centre, University of Oxford.
Online: https://www.rsc.ox.ac.uk/files/files-1/refugee-innovation-web.pdf
CARENS, Joseph H. (2013): The Ethics of Immigration. New York: Oxford University Press.
CRISP, Jeff (2003): Refugee Protection in Regions of Origin: Potential and Challenges. Migration Policy Institute, 2003. december 1. Online: https://www.migrationpolicy.org/article/refugee-protection-regions-origin-potential-and-challenges
EZZEDINE, Dunia Mohamad (2019): Shelter in Urban Displacement: A Case Study of Syrian Refugees in the Shatila Palestinian Refugee Camp, Beirut (Lebanon). American University of Beirut. Online: https://scholarworks.aub.edu.lb/handle/10938/21820
FIDDIAN-QASMIYEH, Elena (2016): Refugee–Refugee Relations in Contexts of Overlapping Displacement. International Journal of Urban and Regional Research. Online: https://doi.org/10.56949/2CTU2450
GHANEM, Hafez (2016): The Arab Spring Five Years Later: Toward Greater Inclusiveness. Washington D.C.: Brookings Institution Press. Online: https://doi.org/10.5771/9780815727194
International Rescue Committee (IRC) (2020): Pushed to the brink: The impact of COVID-19 on Lebanon’s economic crisis and Syrian refugees. International Rescue Committee. Online: https://www.rescue.org/report/pushed-brink-impact-covid-19-lebanons-economic-crisis-and-syrian-refugees
KOSER, Khalid (2018): Refugees and Migrants. In Weiss, Thomas G. – Wilkinson, Rorden (eds.): International Organization and Global Governance. London: Routledge. Online: https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315301914-60
PEITZ, Laura – BALIKI, Ghassan – FERGUSON, Neil T. N. – BRÜCK, Tilman (2023): Do Work Permits Work? The Impacts of Formal Labor Market Integration of Syrian Refugees in Jordan. Journal of Refugee Studies, 36(4), 955–983. Online: https://doi.org/10.1093/jrs/fead064
TURNER, Lewis (2020): Refugee Recognition Regime Country Profile: Jordan. Refugee Recognition Regime Project. Online: https://www.academia.edu/107312332/Refugee_Recognition_Regime_Country_Profile_Jordan
UNHCR (2020): Jordan: Zaatari Camp Factsheet (December 2020). Online: https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/84263
UNHCR (2022): 1951 Refugee Convention. Online: https://www.unhcr.org/1951-refugee-convention.html
World Bank (2021): MENA Regional Update: Living with Debt: How Institutions Can Chart a Path to Recovery. World Bank. Online: https://thedocs.worldbank.org/en/doc/e1ee32f3549c5283c46ca44047843890-0280012021/world-bank-2021-mena-regional-update