Full Issue

object(Publication)#697 (6) { ["_data"]=> array(28) { ["id"]=> int(6068) ["accessStatus"]=> int(0) ["datePublished"]=> string(10) "2022-05-26" ["lastModified"]=> string(19) "2022-05-30 09:25:07" ["primaryContactId"]=> int(7437) ["sectionId"]=> int(5) ["seq"]=> int(1) ["submissionId"]=> int(5944) ["status"]=> int(3) ["version"]=> int(1) ["categoryIds"]=> array(0) { } ["copyrightYear"]=> int(2022) ["issueId"]=> int(468) ["licenseUrl"]=> string(49) "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0" ["pages"]=> string(4) "5-19" ["pub-id::doi"]=> string(23) "10.32565/aarms.2021.3.1" ["abstract"]=> array(1) { ["en_US"]=> string(1567) "

A few years ago, a White Paper was published by the Confederation of European Security Services (CoESS) with the collaboration of the Institut National des Hautes Études de Sécurité (INHES) on the security market of the European Union. The authors identified several  reasons why public and private security providers in the member states share the market and why they are bound to cooperate for the public good, that is, the security itself. However, the states’ law enforcement capacities cannot cover all security demands of the public  due to the finite (mainly budgetary) resources that always set capacity limits hence congestions in the assignments of police services  occur from time to time. Private security operatives fill into the supply gaps occurring in a fragmented security landscape in Europe.  Due to the variables in the market share, countries made their patterns in public and private security components, the statutory  frameworks, and the traditions concerning the role played by the commercial security sector in overall security provisions. Here a  typology may be formed from the clusters of countries following alternative approaches, respectively. There is a border zone between  the two sectors. The exclusive public security domain gives way to areas of common interest and moves on to where private security  takes precedence, and public actors only play a supervisory role. This article examines the boundary zone in multiple approaches,  attempting to stipulate the red line between the two security elements.  

" } ["copyrightHolder"]=> array(1) { ["en_US"]=> string(26) "ZÁGON Csaba, LIPPAI Zsolt" } ["source"]=> array(1) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" } ["title"]=> array(1) { ["en_US"]=> string(50) "The Borderline between Private and Public Security" } ["locale"]=> string(5) "en_US" ["authors"]=> array(2) { [0]=> object(Author)#734 (6) { ["_data"]=> array(15) { ["id"]=> int(7437) ["email"]=> string(22) "csaba.zagon@uni-nke.hu" ["includeInBrowse"]=> bool(true) ["publicationId"]=> int(6068) ["seq"]=> int(1) ["userGroupId"]=> int(82) ["country"]=> string(2) "HU" ["orcid"]=> string(37) "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6615-8466" ["url"]=> string(0) "" ["affiliation"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" ["hu_HU"]=> string(152) "a:1:{s:5:"en_US";s:125:"assistant professor, Department of Customs and Finance Guards, Faculty of Law Enforcement, University of Public Service (UPS)";}" } ["biography"]=> array(1) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" } ["familyName"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(5) "Csaba" ["hu_HU"]=> string(5) "Csaba" } ["givenName"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(6) "Zágon" ["hu_HU"]=> string(6) "Zágon" } ["preferredPublicName"]=> array(1) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" } ["submissionLocale"]=> string(5) "en_US" } ["_hasLoadableAdapters"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataExtractionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_extractionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataInjectionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_injectionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) } [1]=> object(Author)#710 (6) { ["_data"]=> array(15) { ["id"]=> int(7814) ["email"]=> string(23) "lippai.zsolt@uni-nke.hu" ["includeInBrowse"]=> bool(true) ["publicationId"]=> int(6068) ["seq"]=> int(1) ["userGroupId"]=> int(82) ["country"]=> string(2) "HU" ["orcid"]=> string(37) "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4211-2249" ["url"]=> string(0) "" ["affiliation"]=> array(1) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" } ["biography"]=> array(1) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" } ["familyName"]=> array(1) { ["en_US"]=> string(6) "Lippai" } ["givenName"]=> array(1) { ["en_US"]=> string(5) "Zsolt" } ["preferredPublicName"]=> array(1) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" } ["submissionLocale"]=> string(5) "en_US" } ["_hasLoadableAdapters"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataExtractionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_extractionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataInjectionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_injectionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) } } ["keywords"]=> array(1) { ["en_US"]=> array(1) { [0]=> string(72) "private security, public security, law enforcement, armed security guard" } } ["subjects"]=> array(0) { } ["disciplines"]=> array(0) { } ["languages"]=> array(0) { } ["supportingAgencies"]=> array(0) { } ["galleys"]=> array(1) { [0]=> object(ArticleGalley)#746 (7) { ["_submissionFile"]=> NULL ["_data"]=> array(9) { ["submissionFileId"]=> int(23392) ["id"]=> int(4940) ["isApproved"]=> bool(false) ["locale"]=> string(5) "en_US" ["label"]=> string(3) "PDF" ["publicationId"]=> int(6068) ["seq"]=> int(0) ["urlPath"]=> string(0) "" ["urlRemote"]=> string(0) "" } ["_hasLoadableAdapters"]=> bool(true) ["_metadataExtractionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_extractionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataInjectionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_injectionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) } } } ["_hasLoadableAdapters"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataExtractionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_extractionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataInjectionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_injectionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) }
PDF
object(Publication)#121 (6) { ["_data"]=> array(27) { ["id"]=> int(5982) ["accessStatus"]=> int(0) ["datePublished"]=> string(10) "2022-05-26" ["lastModified"]=> string(19) "2022-05-30 09:30:08" ["primaryContactId"]=> int(7324) ["sectionId"]=> int(5) ["seq"]=> int(2) ["submissionId"]=> int(5858) ["status"]=> int(3) ["version"]=> int(1) ["categoryIds"]=> array(0) { } ["copyrightYear"]=> int(2022) ["issueId"]=> int(468) ["licenseUrl"]=> string(49) "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0" ["pages"]=> string(5) "21-36" ["pub-id::doi"]=> string(23) "10.32565/aarms.2021.3.2" ["abstract"]=> array(1) { ["en_US"]=> string(1083) "

In my article, I examine the characteristics of the  Danube countries’ adaptation to climate change in  terms of water security. Among the international  strategic documents, I examine the EU Water  Framework Directive (WFD, 2000), the Danube River  Protection Convention, and the EU Strategy for the  Danube Region (EUSDR, 2019). It is a European  ambition to create adequate levels of drinking water,  outdoor bathing water, and aquatic ecosystem  security in EU member states by the end of 2027.  Therefore, in my article I examine water safety, not  only in terms of drinking water supply security, but  also in terms of aquatic ecosystem security for the  Danube countries. Based on the examples of recent  years in Hungary, I present the damage events  caused by high rainfall intensity fluctuations, which  occurred from both excess and scarcity of water. I  would like to draw your attention to the fact that, as  Hungary is a downstream country, upstream  interventions can cause more sudden flooding and  subsidence in our area on the Danube. 

" } ["copyrightHolder"]=> array(1) { ["en_US"]=> string(29) "KIROVNÉ RÁCZ Réka Magdolna" } ["title"]=> array(1) { ["en_US"]=> string(69) "Climate Adaptation in Terms of Water Security in the Danube Countries" } ["locale"]=> string(5) "en_US" ["authors"]=> array(1) { [0]=> object(Author)#735 (6) { ["_data"]=> array(15) { ["id"]=> int(7324) ["email"]=> string(28) "kirovne.racz.reka@uni-nke.hu" ["includeInBrowse"]=> bool(true) ["publicationId"]=> int(5982) ["seq"]=> int(2) ["userGroupId"]=> int(82) ["country"]=> string(2) "HU" ["orcid"]=> string(0) "" ["url"]=> string(0) "" ["affiliation"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" ["hu_HU"]=> string(43) "NKE Katasztrófavédelmi Műveleti Tanszék" } ["biography"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" ["hu_HU"]=> string(150) "

adjunktus

" } ["familyName"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(14) "Kirovné Rácz" ["hu_HU"]=> string(18) "Kirovné dr. Rácz" } ["givenName"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(14) "Réka Magdolna" ["hu_HU"]=> string(14) "Réka Magdolna" } ["preferredPublicName"]=> array(1) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" } ["submissionLocale"]=> string(5) "en_US" } ["_hasLoadableAdapters"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataExtractionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_extractionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataInjectionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_injectionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) } } ["keywords"]=> array(1) { ["en_US"]=> array(3) { [0]=> string(16) "climate adaption" [1]=> string(14) "water security" [2]=> string(6) "Danube" } } ["subjects"]=> array(0) { } ["disciplines"]=> array(0) { } ["languages"]=> array(0) { } ["supportingAgencies"]=> array(0) { } ["galleys"]=> array(1) { [0]=> object(ArticleGalley)#762 (7) { ["_submissionFile"]=> NULL ["_data"]=> array(9) { ["submissionFileId"]=> int(23393) ["id"]=> int(4941) ["isApproved"]=> bool(false) ["locale"]=> string(5) "en_US" ["label"]=> string(3) "PDF" ["publicationId"]=> int(5982) ["seq"]=> int(0) ["urlPath"]=> string(0) "" ["urlRemote"]=> string(0) "" } ["_hasLoadableAdapters"]=> bool(true) ["_metadataExtractionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_extractionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataInjectionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_injectionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) } } } ["_hasLoadableAdapters"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataExtractionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_extractionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataInjectionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_injectionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) }
PDF
object(Publication)#187 (6) { ["_data"]=> array(27) { ["id"]=> int(5965) ["accessStatus"]=> int(0) ["datePublished"]=> string(10) "2022-05-26" ["lastModified"]=> string(19) "2022-05-30 09:31:22" ["primaryContactId"]=> int(7815) ["sectionId"]=> int(5) ["seq"]=> int(3) ["submissionId"]=> int(5841) ["status"]=> int(3) ["version"]=> int(1) ["categoryIds"]=> array(0) { } ["copyrightYear"]=> int(2022) ["issueId"]=> int(468) ["licenseUrl"]=> string(49) "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0" ["pages"]=> string(5) "37-48" ["pub-id::doi"]=> string(23) "10.32565/aarms.2021.3.3" ["abstract"]=> array(1) { ["en_US"]=> string(1262) "

Putin and Erdoğan’s “beautiful friendship” has been  defining Russian–Turkish political, diplomatic and  economic relations on the one hand, and the  handling of many conflicts, including the Syrian civil  war, for nearly two decades on the other. It can be  said that in many cases, when the interests of the  Russian and Turkish states clash with each other or  there are conflicts of principle and values, it is the two  presidents who, because of their similar habitus  and political character, find solutions to the problems.  One thing is for sure: without the  personalities of Erdoğan and Putin, the recent history  of the two nations would not be so diverse and full of  twists and turns. This article would like to give an  analytical journey into the common history of the  Turkish and Russian nations, as well as to the souls of  the two politicians to look at the reasons and  motivations behind the often contradictory political  moves. As relatively little work has been done on the  topic in Turkish, but more in English, the study is  based on scientific papers and Internet publications  written in the latter language. It aims at disclosing the  role of the two regional powers in a global  framework. 

" } ["copyrightHolder"]=> array(1) { ["en_US"]=> string(15) "TÜRKMEN Şeref" } ["title"]=> array(1) { ["en_US"]=> string(75) "Putin and Erdoğan – A “Beautiful Friendship” of Illiberal Presidents" } ["locale"]=> string(5) "en_US" ["authors"]=> array(1) { [0]=> object(Author)#743 (6) { ["_data"]=> array(15) { ["id"]=> int(7815) ["email"]=> string(22) "serefturkmen@gmail.com" ["includeInBrowse"]=> bool(true) ["publicationId"]=> int(5965) ["seq"]=> int(3) ["userGroupId"]=> int(82) ["country"]=> string(2) "HU" ["orcid"]=> string(0) "" ["url"]=> string(0) "" ["affiliation"]=> array(1) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" } ["biography"]=> array(1) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" } ["familyName"]=> array(1) { ["en_US"]=> string(8) "Türkmen" } ["givenName"]=> array(1) { ["en_US"]=> string(6) "Şeref" } ["preferredPublicName"]=> array(1) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" } ["submissionLocale"]=> string(5) "en_US" } ["_hasLoadableAdapters"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataExtractionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_extractionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataInjectionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_injectionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) } } ["keywords"]=> array(1) { ["en_US"]=> array(4) { [0]=> string(19) "bilateral relations" [1]=> string(19) "illiberal democracy" [2]=> string(5) "Putin" [3]=> string(8) "Erdoğan" } } ["subjects"]=> array(0) { } ["disciplines"]=> array(0) { } ["languages"]=> array(0) { } ["supportingAgencies"]=> array(0) { } ["galleys"]=> array(1) { [0]=> object(ArticleGalley)#739 (7) { ["_submissionFile"]=> NULL ["_data"]=> array(9) { ["submissionFileId"]=> int(23394) ["id"]=> int(4942) ["isApproved"]=> bool(false) ["locale"]=> string(5) "en_US" ["label"]=> string(3) "PDF" ["publicationId"]=> int(5965) ["seq"]=> int(0) ["urlPath"]=> string(0) "" ["urlRemote"]=> string(0) "" } ["_hasLoadableAdapters"]=> bool(true) ["_metadataExtractionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_extractionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataInjectionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_injectionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) } } } ["_hasLoadableAdapters"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataExtractionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_extractionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataInjectionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_injectionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) }
PDF
object(Publication)#189 (6) { ["_data"]=> array(27) { ["id"]=> int(5936) ["accessStatus"]=> int(0) ["datePublished"]=> string(10) "2022-05-26" ["lastModified"]=> string(19) "2022-05-30 09:34:27" ["primaryContactId"]=> int(7267) ["sectionId"]=> int(5) ["seq"]=> int(4) ["submissionId"]=> int(5812) ["status"]=> int(3) ["version"]=> int(1) ["categoryIds"]=> array(0) { } ["copyrightYear"]=> int(2022) ["issueId"]=> int(468) ["licenseUrl"]=> string(49) "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0" ["pages"]=> string(5) "49-63" ["pub-id::doi"]=> string(23) "10.32565/aarms.2021.3.4" ["abstract"]=> array(1) { ["en_US"]=> string(1041) "
This paper discusses how the Latin American experience can help us understand contemporary  populism and its management. This topic starts from  the assumption that structural change and social  contexts help us explain the evolution of populism in  the same way they helped explain the evolution of  violence and management. To do so, we look at the  state of the literature on populism, its relation to the  Latin American experience, the evolution of the  approach to populism, and the conclusions we can  draw from these different perspectives. We conclude  that contemporary populism is also limited in the  same way the contextual approach to Latin American  populism was limited. This also helps us understand  why we still do not have a shared definition of  populism. Overall, we lack the balance between  generalisable and local definitions to help leaders  manage the contemporary violence of populism.  
 
" } ["copyrightHolder"]=> array(1) { ["en_US"]=> string(11) "COSSU Elena" } ["title"]=> array(1) { ["en_US"]=> string(73) "Understanding Contemporary Populism Through the Latin American Experience" } ["locale"]=> string(5) "en_US" ["authors"]=> array(1) { [0]=> object(Author)#770 (6) { ["_data"]=> array(15) { ["id"]=> int(7267) ["email"]=> string(27) "elena.cossu@uni-corvinus.hu" ["includeInBrowse"]=> bool(true) ["publicationId"]=> int(5936) ["seq"]=> int(4) ["userGroupId"]=> int(82) ["country"]=> string(2) "HU" ["orcid"]=> string(37) "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0799-4349" ["url"]=> string(0) "" ["affiliation"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" ["hu_HU"]=> string(57) "a:1:{s:5:"en_US";s:31:"Corvinus University of Budapest";}" } ["biography"]=> array(1) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" } ["familyName"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(5) "Cossu" ["hu_HU"]=> string(5) "Cossu" } ["givenName"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(5) "Elena" ["hu_HU"]=> string(5) "Elena" } ["preferredPublicName"]=> array(1) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" } ["submissionLocale"]=> string(5) "en_US" } ["_hasLoadableAdapters"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataExtractionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_extractionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataInjectionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_injectionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) } } ["keywords"]=> array(1) { ["en_US"]=> array(4) { [0]=> string(8) "populism" [1]=> string(13) "Latin America" [2]=> string(12) "Institutions" [3]=> string(10) "Management" } } ["subjects"]=> array(0) { } ["disciplines"]=> array(0) { } ["languages"]=> array(0) { } ["supportingAgencies"]=> array(0) { } ["galleys"]=> array(1) { [0]=> object(ArticleGalley)#747 (7) { ["_submissionFile"]=> NULL ["_data"]=> array(9) { ["submissionFileId"]=> int(23412) ["id"]=> int(4943) ["isApproved"]=> bool(false) ["locale"]=> string(5) "en_US" ["label"]=> string(3) "PDF" ["publicationId"]=> int(5936) ["seq"]=> int(0) ["urlPath"]=> string(0) "" ["urlRemote"]=> string(0) "" } ["_hasLoadableAdapters"]=> bool(true) ["_metadataExtractionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_extractionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataInjectionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_injectionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) } } } ["_hasLoadableAdapters"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataExtractionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_extractionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataInjectionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_injectionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) }
PDF
object(Publication)#118 (6) { ["_data"]=> array(27) { ["id"]=> int(5865) ["accessStatus"]=> int(0) ["datePublished"]=> string(10) "2022-05-26" ["lastModified"]=> string(19) "2022-05-30 09:35:07" ["primaryContactId"]=> int(7176) ["sectionId"]=> int(5) ["seq"]=> int(5) ["submissionId"]=> int(5741) ["status"]=> int(3) ["version"]=> int(1) ["categoryIds"]=> array(0) { } ["copyrightYear"]=> int(2022) ["issueId"]=> int(468) ["licenseUrl"]=> string(49) "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0" ["pages"]=> string(5) "65-80" ["pub-id::doi"]=> string(23) "10.32565/aarms.2021.3.5" ["abstract"]=> array(1) { ["en_US"]=> string(1718) "

This article characterises the US–Colombia Partnership (USCP) by comparing it to the U.S.–U.K. Special Relationship (USUKSR). For this purpose, both dyads are graded within Lake’s typology of international hierarchies. Then Xu’s three minimum criteria for SRs – and a fourth criterion derived from Harnisch – are applied to the USCP, with references to the USUKSR. In the security dimension, the USCP could be graded as a weak (soft) protectorate under Plan Colombia, and it might be still today. The USUKSR is seen heading toward a weak protectorate due to Britain’s even closer post-Brexit alignment to the U.S. (by launching an Indo-Pacific tilt, clinching the AUKUS pact, and helping to broker a broader anti-China coalition, while remaining the staunchest NATO ally). In the economic dimension, the USUKSR until recently could be rated as market exchange, but now it has been approaching an economic zone (as Britain is courting America for more trade and investment, while shedding Huawei, shelving a bilateral FTA with China, and seeking CPTPP accession). The USCP classifies as an economic zone, since the U.S. is still Colombia’s largest export market and preferred investor, and Colombia has been very cautious with China (refraining from an FTA, and from joining the BRI). The USCP (by combining a weak protectorate with an economic zone) is rated as an informal empire, while the USUKSR may be close to it. The USCP is unlikely to become an SR, because U.S. substituted Colombian governance functions are focused on domestic security, and the U.S. public does not judge Colombia positively, and is far from regarding it as an ally. The paper ends with a note on the dominant partner.

" } ["copyrightHolder"]=> array(1) { ["en_US"]=> string(17) "PALOTÁS László" } ["title"]=> array(1) { ["en_US"]=> string(81) "Comparing the U.S.–Colombia Partnership to the U.S.–U.K. Special Relationship" } ["locale"]=> string(5) "en_US" ["authors"]=> array(1) { [0]=> object(Author)#774 (6) { ["_data"]=> array(15) { ["id"]=> int(7176) ["email"]=> string(20) "donlaszlo1@gmail.com" ["includeInBrowse"]=> bool(true) ["publicationId"]=> int(5865) ["seq"]=> int(5) ["userGroupId"]=> int(82) ["country"]=> string(2) "CO" ["orcid"]=> string(37) "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2109-079X" ["url"]=> string(0) "" ["affiliation"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" ["hu_HU"]=> string(36) "a:1:{s:5:"en_US";s:10:"Uniciencia";}" } ["biography"]=> array(1) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" } ["familyName"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(8) "Palotás" ["hu_HU"]=> string(7) "Palotas" } ["givenName"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(8) "László" ["hu_HU"]=> string(6) "Laszlo" } ["preferredPublicName"]=> array(1) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" } ["submissionLocale"]=> string(5) "en_US" } ["_hasLoadableAdapters"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataExtractionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_extractionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataInjectionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_injectionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) } } ["keywords"]=> array(1) { ["en_US"]=> array(6) { [0]=> string(23) "International hierarchy" [1]=> string(20) "special relationship" [2]=> string(17) "weak protectorate" [3]=> string(13) "economic zone" [4]=> string(15) "informal empire" [5]=> string(47) "substitution of partner´s governance functions" } } ["subjects"]=> array(0) { } ["disciplines"]=> array(0) { } ["languages"]=> array(0) { } ["supportingAgencies"]=> array(0) { } ["galleys"]=> array(1) { [0]=> object(ArticleGalley)#768 (7) { ["_submissionFile"]=> NULL ["_data"]=> array(9) { ["submissionFileId"]=> int(23414) ["id"]=> int(4944) ["isApproved"]=> bool(false) ["locale"]=> string(5) "en_US" ["label"]=> string(3) "PDF" ["publicationId"]=> int(5865) ["seq"]=> int(0) ["urlPath"]=> string(0) "" ["urlRemote"]=> string(0) "" } ["_hasLoadableAdapters"]=> bool(true) ["_metadataExtractionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_extractionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataInjectionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_injectionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) } } } ["_hasLoadableAdapters"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataExtractionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_extractionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataInjectionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_injectionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) }
PDF
object(Publication)#766 (6) { ["_data"]=> array(27) { ["id"]=> int(5633) ["accessStatus"]=> int(0) ["datePublished"]=> string(10) "2022-05-26" ["lastModified"]=> string(19) "2022-05-30 09:35:39" ["primaryContactId"]=> int(6846) ["sectionId"]=> int(5) ["seq"]=> int(6) ["submissionId"]=> int(5509) ["status"]=> int(3) ["version"]=> int(1) ["categoryIds"]=> array(0) { } ["copyrightYear"]=> int(2022) ["issueId"]=> int(468) ["licenseUrl"]=> string(49) "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0" ["pages"]=> string(5) "81-95" ["pub-id::doi"]=> string(23) "10.32565/aarms.2021.3.6" ["abstract"]=> array(1) { ["en_US"]=> string(1018) "

The 19th century saw the modern development of nation states and the early development of human sciences. These progresses linked up with the ideologies of nation-building. Some European states having long history and imperial traditions applied the study of their own history to support their national political purposes. The new political ideology was historicism used for imperial purposes, imperial historicism. With the help of imperial historicism, 19th century thinkers and statesmen identifying themselves and their community with the historical forms of their community attempted to build or uphold their empire. Hungary, or at least some Hungarian thinkers and statesmen, was one of those states which used imperial historicism to define their foreign policy and internal political purposes. Examining political thinking of the 19th-century Hungary one can find several forms of imperial historicism and historical self-identification. This paper presents imperial historicism and its Hungarian forms.

" } ["copyrightHolder"]=> array(1) { ["en_US"]=> string(12) "BODA Mihály" } ["title"]=> array(1) { ["en_US"]=> string(128) "Imperial Historicism: An Example of Scientific Justification of Foreign Policy and Warfare in the 19–20th Centuries in Hungary" } ["locale"]=> string(5) "en_US" ["authors"]=> array(1) { [0]=> object(Author)#773 (6) { ["_data"]=> array(15) { ["id"]=> int(6846) ["email"]=> string(22) "Boda.Mihaly@uni-nke.hu" ["includeInBrowse"]=> bool(true) ["publicationId"]=> int(5633) ["seq"]=> int(6) ["userGroupId"]=> int(82) ["country"]=> string(2) "HU" ["orcid"]=> string(37) "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3037-3644" ["url"]=> string(0) "" ["affiliation"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" ["hu_HU"]=> string(60) "Hadtörténelmi, Filozófiai és Kultúrtörténeti Tanszék" } ["biography"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" ["hu_HU"]=> string(0) "" } ["familyName"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(4) "Boda" ["hu_HU"]=> string(4) "Boda" } ["givenName"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(7) "Mihály" ["hu_HU"]=> string(7) "Mihály" } ["preferredPublicName"]=> array(1) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" } ["submissionLocale"]=> string(5) "en_US" } ["_hasLoadableAdapters"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataExtractionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_extractionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataInjectionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_injectionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) } } ["keywords"]=> array(1) { ["en_US"]=> array(6) { [0]=> string(16) "warfare ideology" [1]=> string(20) "imperial historicism" [2]=> string(11) "nationalism" [3]=> string(13) "Arnold Ipolyi" [4]=> string(16) "Gusztáv Beksics" [5]=> string(14) "János Asbóth" } } ["subjects"]=> array(0) { } ["disciplines"]=> array(0) { } ["languages"]=> array(0) { } ["supportingAgencies"]=> array(0) { } ["galleys"]=> array(1) { [0]=> object(ArticleGalley)#772 (7) { ["_submissionFile"]=> NULL ["_data"]=> array(9) { ["submissionFileId"]=> int(23415) ["id"]=> int(4945) ["isApproved"]=> bool(false) ["locale"]=> string(5) "en_US" ["label"]=> string(3) "PDF" ["publicationId"]=> int(5633) ["seq"]=> int(0) ["urlPath"]=> string(0) "" ["urlRemote"]=> string(0) "" } ["_hasLoadableAdapters"]=> bool(true) ["_metadataExtractionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_extractionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataInjectionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_injectionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) } } } ["_hasLoadableAdapters"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataExtractionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_extractionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataInjectionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_injectionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) }
PDF

The Internationalisation of the Conflict in Libya

Molnár Anna, Molnár Patrícia Éva, Mártonffy Balázs, Takács Lili, Vecsey Mariann
doi: 10.32565/aarms.2021.3.7
97-132.
object(Publication)#763 (6) { ["_data"]=> array(27) { ["id"]=> int(5579) ["accessStatus"]=> int(0) ["datePublished"]=> string(10) "2022-05-26" ["lastModified"]=> string(19) "2022-05-30 09:36:50" ["primaryContactId"]=> int(6768) ["sectionId"]=> int(5) ["seq"]=> int(7) ["submissionId"]=> int(5455) ["status"]=> int(3) ["version"]=> int(1) ["categoryIds"]=> array(0) { } ["copyrightYear"]=> int(2022) ["issueId"]=> int(468) ["licenseUrl"]=> string(49) "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0" ["pages"]=> string(6) "97-132" ["pub-id::doi"]=> string(23) "10.32565/aarms.2021.3.7" ["abstract"]=> array(1) { ["en_US"]=> string(1254) "

Libya has been characterised by instability since the Arab Spring. In 2011, Western powers decided to intervene. In spite of stated goals, this violent dispute has been ongoing ever since. In this paper, we seek to answer the following research question: why do certain internationalised violent disputes, specifically new civil wars, remain violent even when the actors involved seek a cessation of hostilities? We utilise a single-outcome case study6 research design and we compare and contrast the involvement of great powers, European leading powers and regional powers. We highlight the use of soft and/or hard foreign policy tools. We distinguish between policy goals and policy tools. We find that the essential interests and policy goals of the analysed powers will unlikely change, but change in the use of their foreign policy tools will likely be a shift towards harder tools, which will exacerbate further the Libyan stabilisation process. Even a coincidence of the stated policy goals of external actors, namely a cessation of hostilities is insufficient to end a new civil war. As long as the policy tools themselves remain un-coordinated between the actors, they counteract one another, and the conflict continues to remain violent.

" } ["copyrightHolder"]=> array(1) { ["en_US"]=> string(86) "MOLNÁR Anna, MOLNÁR Patrícia Éva, MÁRTONFFY Balázs, TAKÁCS Lili, VECSEY Mariann" } ["title"]=> array(1) { ["en_US"]=> string(49) "The Internationalisation of the Conflict in Libya" } ["locale"]=> string(5) "en_US" ["authors"]=> array(5) { [0]=> object(Author)#765 (6) { ["_data"]=> array(15) { ["id"]=> int(6769) ["email"]=> string(22) "molnar.anna@uni-nke.hu" ["includeInBrowse"]=> bool(true) ["publicationId"]=> int(5579) ["seq"]=> int(7) ["userGroupId"]=> int(82) ["country"]=> string(2) "HU" ["orcid"]=> string(37) "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7958-6985" ["url"]=> string(0) "" ["affiliation"]=> array(1) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" } ["biography"]=> array(1) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" } ["familyName"]=> array(1) { ["en_US"]=> string(7) "Molnár" } ["givenName"]=> array(1) { ["en_US"]=> string(4) "Anna" } ["preferredPublicName"]=> array(1) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" } ["submissionLocale"]=> string(5) "en_US" } ["_hasLoadableAdapters"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataExtractionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_extractionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataInjectionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_injectionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) } [1]=> object(Author)#783 (6) { ["_data"]=> array(15) { ["id"]=> int(6771) ["email"]=> string(29) "eva.patricia.molnar@gmail.com" ["includeInBrowse"]=> bool(true) ["publicationId"]=> int(5579) ["seq"]=> int(7) ["userGroupId"]=> int(82) ["country"]=> string(2) "HU" ["orcid"]=> string(37) "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4759-6599" ["url"]=> string(0) "" ["affiliation"]=> array(1) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" } ["biography"]=> array(1) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" } ["familyName"]=> array(1) { ["en_US"]=> string(7) "Molnár" } ["givenName"]=> array(1) { ["en_US"]=> string(14) "Patrícia Éva" } ["preferredPublicName"]=> array(1) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" } ["submissionLocale"]=> string(5) "en_US" } ["_hasLoadableAdapters"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataExtractionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_extractionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataInjectionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_injectionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) } [2]=> object(Author)#767 (6) { ["_data"]=> array(15) { ["id"]=> int(6772) ["email"]=> string(27) "Martonffy.Balazs@uni-nke.hu" ["includeInBrowse"]=> bool(true) ["publicationId"]=> int(5579) ["seq"]=> int(7) ["userGroupId"]=> int(82) ["country"]=> string(2) "HU" ["orcid"]=> string(37) "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8532-8966" ["url"]=> string(0) "" ["affiliation"]=> array(1) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" } ["biography"]=> array(1) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" } ["familyName"]=> array(1) { ["en_US"]=> string(10) "Mártonffy" } ["givenName"]=> array(1) { ["en_US"]=> string(7) "Balázs" } ["preferredPublicName"]=> array(1) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" } ["submissionLocale"]=> string(5) "en_US" } ["_hasLoadableAdapters"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataExtractionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_extractionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataInjectionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_injectionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) } [3]=> object(Author)#775 (6) { ["_data"]=> array(15) { ["id"]=> int(6768) ["email"]=> string(22) "takacs.lilii@gmail.com" ["includeInBrowse"]=> bool(true) ["publicationId"]=> int(5579) ["seq"]=> int(7) ["userGroupId"]=> int(82) ["country"]=> string(2) "HU" ["orcid"]=> string(37) "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9085-6168" ["url"]=> string(0) "" ["affiliation"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" ["hu_HU"]=> string(32) "NKE Hadtudományi Doktori Iskola" } ["biography"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" ["hu_HU"]=> string(0) "" } ["familyName"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(7) "Takács" ["hu_HU"]=> string(7) "Takács" } ["givenName"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(4) "Lili" ["hu_HU"]=> string(4) "Lili" } ["preferredPublicName"]=> array(1) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" } ["submissionLocale"]=> string(5) "en_US" } ["_hasLoadableAdapters"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataExtractionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_extractionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataInjectionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_injectionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) } [4]=> object(Author)#777 (6) { ["_data"]=> array(15) { ["id"]=> int(6770) ["email"]=> string(25) "vecsey.mariann@uni-nke.hu" ["includeInBrowse"]=> bool(true) ["publicationId"]=> int(5579) ["seq"]=> int(7) ["userGroupId"]=> int(82) ["country"]=> string(2) "HU" ["orcid"]=> string(37) "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7134-3666" ["url"]=> string(0) "" ["affiliation"]=> array(1) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" } ["biography"]=> array(1) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" } ["familyName"]=> array(1) { ["en_US"]=> string(6) "Vecsey" } ["givenName"]=> array(1) { ["en_US"]=> string(7) "Mariann" } ["preferredPublicName"]=> array(1) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" } ["submissionLocale"]=> string(5) "en_US" } ["_hasLoadableAdapters"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataExtractionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_extractionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataInjectionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_injectionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) } } ["keywords"]=> array(1) { ["en_US"]=> array(5) { [0]=> string(5) "Libya" [1]=> string(20) "internationalisation" [2]=> string(13) "new civil war" [3]=> string(8) "conflict" [4]=> string(14) "foreign policy" } } ["subjects"]=> array(0) { } ["disciplines"]=> array(0) { } ["languages"]=> array(0) { } ["supportingAgencies"]=> array(0) { } ["galleys"]=> array(1) { [0]=> object(ArticleGalley)#776 (7) { ["_submissionFile"]=> NULL ["_data"]=> array(9) { ["submissionFileId"]=> int(23416) ["id"]=> int(4946) ["isApproved"]=> bool(false) ["locale"]=> string(5) "en_US" ["label"]=> string(3) "PDF" ["publicationId"]=> int(5579) ["seq"]=> int(0) ["urlPath"]=> string(0) "" ["urlRemote"]=> string(0) "" } ["_hasLoadableAdapters"]=> bool(true) ["_metadataExtractionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_extractionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataInjectionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_injectionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) } } } ["_hasLoadableAdapters"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataExtractionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_extractionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataInjectionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_injectionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) }
PDF
object(Publication)#782 (6) { ["_data"]=> array(28) { ["id"]=> int(5587) ["accessStatus"]=> int(0) ["datePublished"]=> string(10) "2022-05-26" ["lastModified"]=> string(19) "2022-05-30 09:37:39" ["primaryContactId"]=> int(6784) ["sectionId"]=> int(5) ["seq"]=> int(8) ["submissionId"]=> int(5463) ["status"]=> int(3) ["version"]=> int(1) ["categoryIds"]=> array(0) { } ["copyrightYear"]=> int(2022) ["issueId"]=> int(468) ["licenseUrl"]=> string(49) "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0" ["pages"]=> string(7) "133-143" ["pub-id::doi"]=> string(23) "10.32565/aarms.2021.3.8" ["abstract"]=> array(1) { ["en_US"]=> string(1647) "

The Republic of Kazakhstan is one of the countries of Central Asia which is actively working to improve the apparatus of public administration. The formation of the Republic of Kazakhstan as a sovereign state, the ongoing socio-economic reforms in the country and market relations have necessitated a transition to a new administrative mechanism. The meaning of the new mechanism means eradicating bureaucracy and corruption, increasing the level of people’s trust in the state bodies and provision of quality public services. The Republic of Kazakhstan has made  considerable progress in reforming its public  administration. The country continues to modernise  this process. The primary purpose of the present  paper is to review one of the public administration  reforms in the Republic of Kazakhstan. Specifically,  the article aims to present a reform such as creating  the Population Service Centre (PSC) and the e- government project to provide public services to the  citizens in the Republic of Kazakhstan and its results.  What is more, the paper seeks to introduce the new  upcoming reforms in public administration because  the country has encountered serious riots in January  that consequently requires changes in the system of  public administration. Thus, the aims of the complex  reformation of public administration which the President of Kazakhstan Kassym Jomart Tokayev has set will be presented in this paper. The approach that  has been used in this paper was descriptive and relied  on analysing the secondary data, including  various journal articles, reports, and national and  state programs. 

" } ["copyrightHolder"]=> array(1) { ["en_US"]=> string(17) "ZHANSULU Muratova" } ["subtitle"]=> array(1) { ["en_US"]=> string(38) "The Case of the Republic of Kazakhstan" } ["title"]=> array(1) { ["en_US"]=> string(28) "Public Administration Reform" } ["locale"]=> string(5) "en_US" ["authors"]=> array(1) { [0]=> object(Author)#788 (6) { ["_data"]=> array(15) { ["id"]=> int(6784) ["email"]=> string(25) "Muratova.zhansulu@mail.ru" ["includeInBrowse"]=> bool(true) ["publicationId"]=> int(5587) ["seq"]=> int(8) ["userGroupId"]=> int(82) ["country"]=> string(2) "HU" ["orcid"]=> string(0) "" ["url"]=> string(0) "" ["affiliation"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" ["hu_HU"]=> string(29) "a:1:{s:5:"en_US";s:4:"NUPS";}" } ["biography"]=> array(1) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" } ["familyName"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(8) "Zhansulu" ["hu_HU"]=> string(8) "Muratova" } ["givenName"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(8) "Muratova" ["hu_HU"]=> string(8) "Zhansulu" } ["preferredPublicName"]=> array(1) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" } ["submissionLocale"]=> string(5) "en_US" } ["_hasLoadableAdapters"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataExtractionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_extractionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataInjectionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_injectionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) } } ["keywords"]=> array(1) { ["en_US"]=> array(5) { [0]=> string(21) "public administration" [1]=> string(18) "digital technology" [2]=> string(11) "reform, PSC" [3]=> string(12) "e-Government" [4]=> string(22) "Republic of Kazakhstan" } } ["subjects"]=> array(0) { } ["disciplines"]=> array(0) { } ["languages"]=> array(0) { } ["supportingAgencies"]=> array(0) { } ["galleys"]=> array(1) { [0]=> object(ArticleGalley)#784 (7) { ["_submissionFile"]=> NULL ["_data"]=> array(9) { ["submissionFileId"]=> int(23417) ["id"]=> int(4947) ["isApproved"]=> bool(false) ["locale"]=> string(5) "en_US" ["label"]=> string(3) "PDF" ["publicationId"]=> int(5587) ["seq"]=> int(0) ["urlPath"]=> string(0) "" ["urlRemote"]=> string(0) "" } ["_hasLoadableAdapters"]=> bool(true) ["_metadataExtractionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_extractionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataInjectionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_injectionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) } } } ["_hasLoadableAdapters"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataExtractionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_extractionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataInjectionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_injectionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) }
PDF