Full Issue
Biztonságpolitika
During the 1948 Palestine war, more than 700,000 Palestinian Arabs fled or were expelled from their homes, accounting for roughly half of prewar Palestine’s Arab population. The exodus was a central component of the Palestinian society’s cracks, disempowerment and displacement, known as the Nakba, during which between 400 and 600 Palestinian villages were damaged and others were exposed to the Hebraization of Palestinian place names, and it also relates to the wider period of the conflict itself and the subsequent oppression up to the present day. The main aim of this research is to define the causes of the 1948 Palestinian exodus, which led to the creation of the Palestinian refugee problem. It also seeks to show the ways that the Nakba has influenced Palestinian history. This study explores the work of the United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East, a UN (United Nations) agency that supports Palestinian refugees’ relief and human development.
" } ["title"]=> array(1) { ["en_US"]=> string(47) "Forced Migration: The 1948 Palestinian Refugees" } ["copyrightHolder"]=> array(1) { ["hu_HU"]=> string(16) "Almassri Juliana" } ["locale"]=> string(5) "en_US" ["authors"]=> array(1) { [0]=> object(Author)#708 (6) { ["_data"]=> array(15) { ["id"]=> int(8179) ["email"]=> string(27) "julianaalmassri94@gmail.com" ["includeInBrowse"]=> bool(true) ["publicationId"]=> int(6635) ["seq"]=> int(1) ["userGroupId"]=> int(133) ["country"]=> string(2) "PS" ["orcid"]=> string(0) "" ["url"]=> string(0) "" ["affiliation"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(28) "a:1:{s:5:"en_US";s:3:"Ms.";}" ["hu_HU"]=> string(28) "a:1:{s:5:"en_US";s:3:"Ms.";}" } ["biography"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" ["hu_HU"]=> string(0) "" } ["familyName"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(8) "Almassri" ["hu_HU"]=> string(8) "Almassri" } ["givenName"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(7) "Juliana" ["hu_HU"]=> string(7) "Juliana" } ["preferredPublicName"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" ["hu_HU"]=> string(0) "" } ["submissionLocale"]=> string(5) "en_US" } ["_hasLoadableAdapters"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataExtractionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_extractionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataInjectionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_injectionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) } } ["keywords"]=> array(1) { ["en_US"]=> array(5) { [0]=> string(4) "Arab" [1]=> string(9) "Palestine" [2]=> string(8) "refugees" [3]=> string(5) "Nakba" [4]=> string(6) "exodus" } } ["subjects"]=> array(0) { } ["disciplines"]=> array(0) { } ["languages"]=> array(0) { } ["supportingAgencies"]=> array(0) { } ["galleys"]=> array(1) { [0]=> object(ArticleGalley)#751 (7) { ["_submissionFile"]=> NULL ["_data"]=> array(9) { ["submissionFileId"]=> int(28830) ["id"]=> int(5407) ["isApproved"]=> bool(false) ["locale"]=> string(5) "en_US" ["label"]=> string(3) "PDF" ["publicationId"]=> int(6635) ["seq"]=> int(0) ["urlPath"]=> string(0) "" ["urlRemote"]=> string(0) "" } ["_hasLoadableAdapters"]=> bool(true) ["_metadataExtractionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_extractionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataInjectionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_injectionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) } } } ["_hasLoadableAdapters"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataExtractionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_extractionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataInjectionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_injectionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) }Társadalomtudomány
The Soldiers of the Austro–Hungarian Monarchy from Bosnia and Herzegovina in the Last Year of the First World War
The study presents the fate of the soldiers of the Austro–Hungarian Monarchy in Bosnia and Herzegovina in the last year of the First World War. The Bosnian troops stood bravely on the fronts, earning the respect of their superiors, many of them heroically dead, wounded, and they became prisoners of war. The author separately outlines the history of the bloody battles in Piave-Front and the plight of Bosnian soldiers captured in Italian and French captivity. The writing depicts their afflictions based on contemporary sources and memoirs.
" ["hu_HU"]=> string(613) "A tanulmány bemutatja az Osztrák–Magyar Monarchia bosznia-hercegovinai katonáinak sorsát az első világháború utolsó évében. A bosnyákokból álló csapatok bátran helytálltak a frontokon, kivívták elöljáróik megbecsülését, sokan közülük hősi halottak, sebesültek, illetve hadifoglyok lettek. A szerző külön felvázolja a Piave-fronton zajló véres ütközetek történetét, illetve az olasz és francia hadifogságba került bosnyák katonák sanyarú helyzetének alakulását. Az írás korabeli források és memoárok alapján ábrázolja az ő megpróbáltatásaikat.
" } ["title"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(115) "The Soldiers of the Austro–Hungarian Monarchy from Bosnia and Herzegovina in the Last Year of the First World War" ["hu_HU"]=> string(93) "Az Osztrák–Magyar Monarchia bosznia-hercegovinai katonái a nagy háború utolsó évében" } ["copyrightHolder"]=> array(1) { ["hu_HU"]=> string(12) "bolek zoltan" } ["locale"]=> string(5) "hu_HU" ["authors"]=> array(1) { [0]=> object(Author)#123 (6) { ["_data"]=> array(15) { ["id"]=> int(8091) ["email"]=> string(21) "zoltanbolek@gmail.com" ["includeInBrowse"]=> bool(true) ["publicationId"]=> int(6562) ["seq"]=> int(1) ["userGroupId"]=> int(133) ["country"]=> string(2) "HU" ["orcid"]=> string(37) "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4550-0397" ["url"]=> string(0) "" ["affiliation"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" ["hu_HU"]=> string(28) "a:1:{s:5:"hu_HU";s:3:"NKE";}" } ["biography"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" ["hu_HU"]=> string(0) "" } ["familyName"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(5) "Bolek" ["hu_HU"]=> string(5) "Bolek" } ["givenName"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(7) "Zoltán" ["hu_HU"]=> string(7) "Zoltán" } ["preferredPublicName"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" ["hu_HU"]=> string(0) "" } ["submissionLocale"]=> string(5) "hu_HU" } ["_hasLoadableAdapters"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataExtractionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_extractionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataInjectionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_injectionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) } } ["keywords"]=> array(2) { ["hu_HU"]=> array(7) { [0]=> string(11) "gyalogezred" [1]=> string(11) "olasz front" [2]=> string(10) "hadifogoly" [3]=> string(9) "dezertőr" [4]=> string(19) "Bosznia-Hercegovina" [5]=> string(20) "első világháború" [6]=> string(8) "bosnyák" } ["en_US"]=> array(7) { [0]=> string(7) "Bosnian" [1]=> string(22) "Bosnia and Herzegovina" [2]=> string(11) "World War I" [3]=> string(17) "infantry regiment" [4]=> string(13) "Italian front" [5]=> string(15) "prisoner of war" [6]=> string(8) "deserter" } } ["subjects"]=> array(0) { } ["disciplines"]=> array(0) { } ["languages"]=> array(0) { } ["supportingAgencies"]=> array(0) { } ["galleys"]=> array(1) { [0]=> object(ArticleGalley)#732 (7) { ["_submissionFile"]=> NULL ["_data"]=> array(9) { ["submissionFileId"]=> int(28831) ["id"]=> int(5408) ["isApproved"]=> bool(false) ["locale"]=> string(5) "hu_HU" ["label"]=> string(3) "PDF" ["publicationId"]=> int(6562) ["seq"]=> int(0) ["urlPath"]=> string(0) "" ["urlRemote"]=> string(0) "" } ["_hasLoadableAdapters"]=> bool(true) ["_metadataExtractionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_extractionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataInjectionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_injectionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) } } } ["_hasLoadableAdapters"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataExtractionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_extractionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataInjectionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_injectionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) }In this study, I would like to pinpoint the location of the Battle of Brunanburh, which was one of the main battles in the history of the British Isles. To do that this article was
distributed in four parts. The first part will tell the events, which lead to the battle. It will help us to define the motives of the participating armies. After that, a criteria system will be created to filter essential information, leading us to the location of the battle. At the end, I will make my conclusions.
PhD Student
" ["hu_HU"]=> string(19) "doktorandusz
" } ["familyName"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(8) "Majorosi" ["hu_HU"]=> string(8) "Majorosi" } ["givenName"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(6) "Ádám" ["hu_HU"]=> string(6) "Ádám" } ["submissionLocale"]=> string(5) "en_US" } ["_hasLoadableAdapters"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataExtractionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_extractionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataInjectionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_injectionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) } } ["keywords"]=> array(1) { ["en_US"]=> array(5) { [0]=> string(20) "Battle of Brunanburh" [1]=> string(7) "history" [2]=> string(27) "location of the battlefield" [3]=> string(4) "army" [4]=> string(15) "criteria system" } } ["subjects"]=> array(0) { } ["disciplines"]=> array(0) { } ["languages"]=> array(0) { } ["supportingAgencies"]=> array(0) { } ["galleys"]=> array(1) { [0]=> object(ArticleGalley)#753 (7) { ["_submissionFile"]=> NULL ["_data"]=> array(9) { ["submissionFileId"]=> int(28832) ["id"]=> int(5409) ["isApproved"]=> bool(false) ["locale"]=> string(5) "en_US" ["label"]=> string(3) "PDF" ["publicationId"]=> int(6744) ["seq"]=> int(0) ["urlPath"]=> string(0) "" ["urlRemote"]=> string(0) "" } ["_hasLoadableAdapters"]=> bool(true) ["_metadataExtractionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_extractionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataInjectionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_injectionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) } } } ["_hasLoadableAdapters"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataExtractionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_extractionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataInjectionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_injectionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) }Presence of PTSD-like Symptoms in the Hungarian Kingdom during the First World War
PTSD, as a psychological illness, has not been treated by medicine as a disease for a very long time. It has been thought as hysteria, but its treatment proved to be an
insoluble problem throughout history. It was mainly in the 19th century and the first half of the 20th centur that hopes of treating it as a real disease were flickered, but it took a long time for rudimentary procedures and experiments to be put in place. One of the cornerstones of this was the First World War, when there was plenty of experience waiting to be processed, to which we still return to today, to justify the importance of these researches and mental preparation during military training.
A PTSD-t mint pszichológiai problémát nem túl hosszú ideje tekinti az orvostudomány betegségnek. Nagyon sokáig inkább hisztériának gondolták, azonban kezelése a történelemben megoldhatatlannak bizonyult. Főként a 19. században és a 20. század első
felében fel-felcsillant a remény, hogy valódi betegségként fogják kezelni, a kezdetleges eljárások és a kísérletezések hosszú időt vettek igénybe, hogy ez megvalósulhasson. Ennek egyik sarokköve az első világháború, amikor bőséggel akadt feldolgozásra váró tapasztalat, amelyekre a mai napig is visszatérünk, hogy igazoljuk eme kutatások és a mentális felkészítés fontosságát a katonai képzés során.
The Role of Women in Espionage during the Great War, 1914–1918
In my work, I present the role of women in espionage during the Great War. I will examine the history of some of the most important female spies and the development of their fate. Their role was extremely important even at that time, from the point of view of national security, since the activities they performed and the information they obtained could give one warring party an advantage over the other. Therefore, it was essential for the prevention to know about these persons and their activities.
" ["hu_HU"]=> string(524) "Munkám során igyekszem bemutatni a nők kémkedésben betöltött szerepét a nagy háború során. Megvizsgálom néhány jelentősebb kémnő történetét és sorsuk alakulását. Szerepük kiemelten fontos volt már abban az időben is, nemzetbiztonsági szempontból, hiszen az általuk végzett tevékenység, a megszerzett információ előnyhöz juttathatta az egyik hadviselő felet a másikkal szemben. Ezért az elhárításnak is lényeges volt tudnia ezekről a személyekről és tevékenységükről.
" } ["title"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(64) "The Role of Women in Espionage during the Great War, 1914–1918" ["hu_HU"]=> string(67) "A nők szerepe a kémkedésben a nagy háború idején, 1914–1918" } ["copyrightHolder"]=> array(1) { ["hu_HU"]=> string(15) "Molnár Zoltán" } ["locale"]=> string(5) "hu_HU" ["authors"]=> array(1) { [0]=> object(Author)#772 (6) { ["_data"]=> array(14) { ["id"]=> int(8251) ["email"]=> string(21) "molnar.zoltan@kodo.hu" ["includeInBrowse"]=> bool(true) ["publicationId"]=> int(6677) ["seq"]=> int(4) ["userGroupId"]=> int(133) ["country"]=> string(2) "HU" ["orcid"]=> string(37) "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0357-8265" ["url"]=> string(0) "" ["affiliation"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(76) "National University of Public Service, Doctoral School of Military Sciences" ["hu_HU"]=> string(60) "Nemzeti Közszolgálati Egyetem Hadtudományi Doktori Iskola" } ["biography"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(18) "PhD student
" ["hu_HU"]=> string(19) "Doktorandusz
" } ["familyName"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(7) "Molnár" ["hu_HU"]=> string(7) "Molnár" } ["givenName"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(7) "Zoltán" ["hu_HU"]=> string(7) "Zoltán" } ["submissionLocale"]=> string(5) "hu_HU" } ["_hasLoadableAdapters"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataExtractionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_extractionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataInjectionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_injectionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) } } ["keywords"]=> array(2) { ["hu_HU"]=> array(4) { [0]=> string(20) "első világháború" [1]=> string(10) "kémkedés" [2]=> string(12) "elhárítás" [3]=> string(4) "kém" } ["en_US"]=> array(4) { [0]=> string(9) "espionage" [1]=> string(10) "prevention" [2]=> string(12) "World War I." [3]=> string(3) "spy" } } ["subjects"]=> array(0) { } ["disciplines"]=> array(0) { } ["languages"]=> array(0) { } ["supportingAgencies"]=> array(0) { } ["galleys"]=> array(1) { [0]=> object(ArticleGalley)#773 (7) { ["_submissionFile"]=> NULL ["_data"]=> array(9) { ["submissionFileId"]=> int(28834) ["id"]=> int(5411) ["isApproved"]=> bool(false) ["locale"]=> string(5) "hu_HU" ["label"]=> string(3) "PDF" ["publicationId"]=> int(6677) ["seq"]=> int(0) ["urlPath"]=> string(0) "" ["urlRemote"]=> string(0) "" } ["_hasLoadableAdapters"]=> bool(true) ["_metadataExtractionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_extractionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataInjectionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_injectionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) } } } ["_hasLoadableAdapters"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataExtractionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_extractionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataInjectionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_injectionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) }Általános
The Role of Tradition in the System of Society and the Hungarian Defence Force
The role of tradition, in creating value, but at the same time its capacity to preserve it, is a fundamental glue in the life of every nation and community. Our traditions, passed on and preserved, are the common memories that nourish our national identity and our sense of belonging. Some of the national traditions of our modern society are closely intertwined with the military traditions preserved by the Hungarian Defence Force, but the organisation and its units have their independent memory and history, which strengthen the sense of duty and team spirit of the soldiers who serve.
" ["hu_HU"]=> string(624) "A hagyomány szerepe értékteremtő, ugyanakkor megőrző képessége minden nemzet és közösség életében alapvető ragasztóként funkcionál. Továbbörökített, fennmaradt hagyományaink őrzik közös emlékeinket, amelyek nemzeti identitásunkat, összetartozásunkat táplálják. Modern társadalmunk nemzeti hagyományainak egy része szorosan összefonódik a Magyar Honvédség által őrzött katonai hagyományokkal, mindamellett a szervezet, annak alakulatai önálló emlékezettel, múlttal rendelkeznek, amelyek a szolgálatot teljesítő katonák hivatástudatát, csapatszellemét erősítik.
" } ["title"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(78) "The Role of Tradition in the System of Society and the Hungarian Defence Force" ["hu_HU"]=> string(76) "A hagyomány szerepe a társadalomban és a Magyar Honvédség rendszerében" } ["copyrightHolder"]=> array(1) { ["hu_HU"]=> string(13) "Füleki Réka" } ["locale"]=> string(5) "hu_HU" ["authors"]=> array(1) { [0]=> object(Author)#722 (6) { ["_data"]=> array(15) { ["id"]=> int(8149) ["email"]=> string(22) "fuleki.reka@uni-nke.hu" ["includeInBrowse"]=> bool(true) ["publicationId"]=> int(6610) ["seq"]=> int(1) ["userGroupId"]=> int(133) ["country"]=> string(2) "HU" ["orcid"]=> string(37) "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7124-3198" ["url"]=> string(0) "" ["affiliation"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(37) "National University of Public Service" ["hu_HU"]=> string(32) "Nemzeti Közszolgálati Egyetem " } ["biography"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(47) "desk officer for international relations
" ["hu_HU"]=> string(27) "nemzetközi referens
" } ["familyName"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(7) "Füleki" ["hu_HU"]=> string(7) "Füleki" } ["givenName"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(5) "Réka" ["hu_HU"]=> string(5) "Réka" } ["preferredPublicName"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" ["hu_HU"]=> string(0) "" } ["submissionLocale"]=> string(5) "hu_HU" } ["_hasLoadableAdapters"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataExtractionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_extractionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataInjectionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_injectionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) } } ["keywords"]=> array(2) { ["hu_HU"]=> array(5) { [0]=> string(10) "hagyomány" [1]=> string(9) "jelképek" [2]=> string(10) "identitás" [3]=> string(6) "nemzet" [4]=> string(18) "Magyar Honvédség" } ["en_US"]=> array(5) { [0]=> string(9) "tradition" [1]=> string(7) "symbols" [2]=> string(8) "identity" [3]=> string(6) "nation" [4]=> string(23) "Hungarian Defence Force" } } ["subjects"]=> array(0) { } ["disciplines"]=> array(0) { } ["languages"]=> array(0) { } ["supportingAgencies"]=> array(0) { } ["galleys"]=> array(1) { [0]=> object(ArticleGalley)#735 (7) { ["_submissionFile"]=> NULL ["_data"]=> array(9) { ["submissionFileId"]=> int(28835) ["id"]=> int(5412) ["isApproved"]=> bool(false) ["locale"]=> string(5) "hu_HU" ["label"]=> string(3) "PDF" ["publicationId"]=> int(6610) ["seq"]=> int(0) ["urlPath"]=> string(0) "" ["urlRemote"]=> string(0) "" } ["_hasLoadableAdapters"]=> bool(true) ["_metadataExtractionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_extractionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataInjectionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_injectionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) } } } ["_hasLoadableAdapters"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataExtractionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_extractionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataInjectionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_injectionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) }Institutional Migration Strategy for Non-Governmental Organisations
NGOs are fundamental units of our society that take on an important role, and in carrying out their public benefit activities, they also play a role in public or municipal
services. They were given a prominent place in the migration crisis in 2015, the perception of which was unfortunately distorted both nationally and internationally. There has been a serious loss of trust in the third sector, whose image is beginning to regain its deserved place with their exemplary performance in the Russian–Ukrainian refugee crisis.
A nem kormányzati szervezetek a társadalom olyan alapvető egységei, amelyek fontos feladatot vállalnak magukra, közhasznú tevékenységük végzésekor az állami vagy önkormányzati szolgálatok között is szerepet vállalnak. A hazánkat ért 2015- ösmigrációs válságban kiemelkedő helyet kaptak, aminek megítélése nemzeti és nemzetközi szempontból is sajnos torz képet mutatott. Súlyos bizalomvesztés érte a harmadik szektort, amelynek megítélése az orosz–ukrán menekültválságnál mutatott példamutató helytállásukkal kezdi visszanyerni megérdemelt helyét.
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The Fundamental Law of Hungary and the National Military Strategy both state that the Hungarian Defence Forces are responsible for the defence of the independence of the state, and its citizens and enforcement of the state’s interests. Thus, the Hungarian Government decided to extend the capabilities of the Hungarian Defence Forces with a Role 2 field hospital. Being a NATO member country Hungary has decided to join NATO and other joint missions providing both with military force, and logistical and medical support. However, until now, Hungary was not able to support its troops or NATO allied forces with an independent Role 2 level medical facility, which would be
able to provide life-saving, limb-saving and function saving surgeries, and short term intensive and postoperative care outside Hungary’s borders as a deployed field hospital. According to the instruction of the Hungarian Government, the planning stage has begun and the first steps of the acquisition process was made. This article guides the reader through the doctrinal and legislative frameworks, the organisational structure, and the facilities and capabilities of the Role 2 field hospital unit.