Köszöntő

Vizi Balázs, Séra Magdolna, Nánási-Molnár Anita
8.
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PDF

A nyelvhasználat jogi szabályozhatósága

Szalayné Sándor Erzsébet
9–18.
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Regulating language usage is the novelty of modern times. In the antiquity, language usage was regulated by customs determined by circumstances and, in some cases, customary law. From a historic point of view it is thus evident that the active and passive knowledge of a common language has been a constitutive element of the modern state – language has become an instrument of exercising power. In this study I intend to show how the legal regulation of the use of language changed in different eras.

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Regulating language usage is the novelty of modern times. In the antiquity, language usage was regulated by customs determined by circumstances and, in some cases, customary law. From a historic point of view it is thus evident that the active and passive knowledge of a common language has been a constitutive element of the modern state – language has become an instrument of exercising power. In this study I intend to show how the legal regulation of the use of language changed in different eras.

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PDF
object(Publication)#182 (6) { ["_data"]=> array(27) { ["id"]=> int(2518) ["accessStatus"]=> int(0) ["datePublished"]=> string(10) "2016-06-30" ["lastModified"]=> string(19) "2020-05-15 14:34:52" ["sectionId"]=> int(34) ["seq"]=> int(2) ["submissionId"]=> int(2399) ["status"]=> int(3) ["version"]=> int(1) ["categoryIds"]=> array(0) { } ["copyrightYear"]=> int(2020) ["issueId"]=> int(192) ["licenseUrl"]=> string(49) "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0" ["pages"]=> string(7) "19–31" ["abstract"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(514) "

In Ukraine, as in the independent post-Soviet states, the symbol of the country’s sovereignty was the codification of the language of the titular nation as the state language. The status of Ukrainian as the sole state and official language of Ukraine is contrary to the Russian-Ukrainian bilingualism of the country. Analysing the language policy of the country, used in the last quarter century, the author notes that the Ukrainian legislators cannot establish the real language situation in the society.

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In Ukraine, as in the independent post-Soviet states, the symbol of the country’s sovereignty was the codification of the language of the titular nation as the state language. The status of Ukrainian as the sole state and official language of Ukraine is contrary to the Russian-Ukrainian bilingualism of the country. Analysing the language policy of the country, used in the last quarter century, the author notes that the Ukrainian legislators cannot establish the real language situation in the society.

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Nyelvi jogok Romániában

Zsigmond József
33–43.
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I find it truly sad, that in the European Union of the 21st century, people are still being discriminated against, based solely on their language and ethnicity. In order to establish a fair society where every individual feels safe to express itself on their mother tongue, and thus is not put in situations that are highly disadvantageous to them, it is necessary to point out the shortcomings of the system and to call for an increased tolerance towards the various manifestations of alterity and diversity. In my presentation I discuss the Romanian minority laws, which unfortunately do not prevail. In spite of the international recommendations, the institutions of the Romanian state has total disregard for the rights and aims of the Hungarian community. The state policy towards the community is clear: they are accepted only, if they become assimilated, if they give up their specific culture and identity. In order to achieve this goal, the institutions of the state are by no means reluctant to use an array of questionable and controversial methods.

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I find it truly sad, that in the European Union of the 21st century, people are still being discriminated against, based solely on their language and ethnicity. In order to establish a fair society where every individual feels safe to express itself on their mother tongue, and thus is not put in situations that are highly disadvantageous to them, it is necessary to point out the shortcomings of the system and to call for an increased tolerance towards the various manifestations of alterity and diversity. In my presentation I discuss the Romanian minority laws, which unfortunately do not prevail. In spite of the international recommendations, the institutions of the Romanian state has total disregard for the rights and aims of the Hungarian community. The state policy towards the community is clear: they are accepted only, if they become assimilated, if they give up their specific culture and identity. In order to achieve this goal, the institutions of the state are by no means reluctant to use an array of questionable and controversial methods.

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PDF
object(Publication)#110 (6) { ["_data"]=> array(27) { ["id"]=> int(2542) ["accessStatus"]=> int(0) ["datePublished"]=> string(10) "2016-06-30" ["lastModified"]=> string(19) "2020-05-15 15:12:19" ["sectionId"]=> int(34) ["seq"]=> int(4) ["submissionId"]=> int(2423) ["status"]=> int(3) ["version"]=> int(1) ["categoryIds"]=> array(0) { } ["copyrightYear"]=> int(2020) ["issueId"]=> int(192) ["licenseUrl"]=> string(49) "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0" ["pages"]=> string(7) "45–55" ["abstract"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(1132) "

Among central-European countries Slovakia has proportionally the highest rate of national minorities living on the territory of the country. The majority of the country’s southern part was populated by a purely Hungarian population in the past, the Hungarian-Slovakian ethnic border was located to the north of the state border. The representatives of the Hungarian national minority even nowadays form a majority in hundreds of locations within the country. The rights, including the language related ones, applicable for a national minority are secured and controlled by the Constitution of the country together with several, corresponding laws. Slovakia has joined the minority protecting act of the European Council, however, despite this fact, the freedom of the language usage does not prevail to the degree expected by the regulations of the above mentioned document. The practical existence, a.k.a., the usage of the national minority’s language cannot guarantee on its own the long term persistence of the national language and the national minority. The paper investigates the possible causes of this situation.

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Among central-European countries Slovakia has proportionally the highest rate of national minorities living on the territory of the country. The majority of the country’s southern part was populated by a purely Hungarian population in the past, the Hungarian-Slovakian ethnic border was located to the north of the state border. The representatives of the Hungarian national minority even nowadays form a majority in hundreds of locations within the country. The rights, including the language related ones, applicable for a national minority are secured and controlled by the Constitution of the country together with several, corresponding laws. Slovakia has joined the minority protecting act of the European Council, however, despite this fact, the freedom of the language usage does not prevail to the degree expected by the regulations of the above mentioned document. The practical existence, a.k.a., the usage of the national minority’s language cannot guarantee on its own the long term persistence of the national language and the national minority. The paper investigates the possible causes of this situation.

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object(Publication)#116 (6) { ["_data"]=> array(25) { ["id"]=> int(2548) ["accessStatus"]=> int(0) ["datePublished"]=> string(10) "2016-06-30" ["lastModified"]=> string(19) "2020-05-21 15:57:38" ["sectionId"]=> int(34) ["seq"]=> int(5) ["submissionId"]=> int(2429) ["status"]=> int(3) ["version"]=> int(1) ["categoryIds"]=> array(0) { } ["copyrightYear"]=> int(2020) ["issueId"]=> int(192) ["licenseUrl"]=> string(49) "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0" ["pages"]=> string(7) "57–71" ["abstract"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(1689) "

The right to the usage of the mother tongue in the preschool education (based on the outcome of researches performed in Transcarpathia). The questions concerning the right and possibility of the mother tongue’s usage are frequently recurring in the linguistically diversified and constantly changing environment of the Carpathian basin among the jurists and linguists too. In terms of national minorities, from a linguistic point of view education is essential, as it has a major influence on the formation of a national minority’s identity. This paper summarizes language rights and laws in Ukranian preschool education. The paper is based on a research which took place in Transcarpathia (Ukraine) and Vojvodina, officially Autonomous Province of Vojvodina (Serbia) between 2012-2015. The research data was gathered through questionnaires and interviews with the participation of 330 parents and 15 teachers/educators. According to the results of the research, the usage of the mother tongue within the Hungarian educational system in Transcarpathia is considered as “important” by the majority of the Hungarian parents and also by 2/3 of the Ukrainian parents. The kindergarten teachers from both regions who took part in this research consider the language of preschool education as a major tool which can be used by the community in order to avoid assimilation. On the other hand, the granting of the rights regarding the usage of a language cannot guarantee the actual usage and further existence of a particular language on its own. Therefore it is not sufficient to possess the right to use a particular language, it is necessary to actually use it in everyday life.

" ["hu_HU"]=> string(1689) "

The right to the usage of the mother tongue in the preschool education (based on the outcome of researches performed in Transcarpathia). The questions concerning the right and possibility of the mother tongue’s usage are frequently recurring in the linguistically diversified and constantly changing environment of the Carpathian basin among the jurists and linguists too. In terms of national minorities, from a linguistic point of view education is essential, as it has a major influence on the formation of a national minority’s identity. This paper summarizes language rights and laws in Ukranian preschool education. The paper is based on a research which took place in Transcarpathia (Ukraine) and Vojvodina, officially Autonomous Province of Vojvodina (Serbia) between 2012-2015. The research data was gathered through questionnaires and interviews with the participation of 330 parents and 15 teachers/educators. According to the results of the research, the usage of the mother tongue within the Hungarian educational system in Transcarpathia is considered as “important” by the majority of the Hungarian parents and also by 2/3 of the Ukrainian parents. The kindergarten teachers from both regions who took part in this research consider the language of preschool education as a major tool which can be used by the community in order to avoid assimilation. On the other hand, the granting of the rights regarding the usage of a language cannot guarantee the actual usage and further existence of a particular language on its own. Therefore it is not sufficient to possess the right to use a particular language, it is necessary to actually use it in everyday life.

" } ["copyrightHolder"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" ["hu_HU"]=> string(0) "" } ["title"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(135) "The Right to the Usage of the Mother Tongue in the Preschool Education (Based on the Outcome of Researches Performed in Transcarpathia)" ["hu_HU"]=> string(97) "Anyanyelvhasználathoz való jog az óvodai nevelésben (kárpátaljai kutatási eredményekből)" } ["locale"]=> string(5) "hu_HU" ["authors"]=> array(1) { [0]=> object(Author)#806 (6) { ["_data"]=> array(15) { ["id"]=> int(2826) ["email"]=> string(19) "noreply@ludovika.hu" ["includeInBrowse"]=> bool(true) ["publicationId"]=> int(2548) ["seq"]=> int(5) ["userGroupId"]=> int(235) ["country"]=> string(2) "HU" ["orcid"]=> string(0) "" ["url"]=> string(0) "" ["affiliation"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" ["hu_HU"]=> string(0) "" } ["biography"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" ["hu_HU"]=> string(0) "" } ["familyName"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(17) "Nánási-Molnár " ["hu_HU"]=> string(17) "Nánási-Molnár " } ["givenName"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(5) "Anita" ["hu_HU"]=> string(5) "Anita" } ["preferredPublicName"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" ["hu_HU"]=> string(0) "" } ["submissionLocale"]=> string(5) "hu_HU" } ["_hasLoadableAdapters"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataExtractionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_extractionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataInjectionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_injectionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) } } ["keywords"]=> array(2) { ["hu_HU"]=> array(2) { [0]=> string(9) "Anyanyelv" [1]=> string(6) "óvoda" } ["en_US"]=> array(2) { [0]=> string(13) "mother tongue" [1]=> string(19) "preschool education" } } ["subjects"]=> array(0) { } ["disciplines"]=> array(0) { } ["languages"]=> array(0) { } ["supportingAgencies"]=> array(0) { } ["galleys"]=> array(1) { [0]=> object(ArticleGalley)#800 (7) { ["_submissionFile"]=> NULL ["_data"]=> array(9) { ["submissionFileId"]=> int(7485) ["id"]=> int(1700) ["isApproved"]=> bool(false) ["locale"]=> string(5) "hu_HU" ["label"]=> string(3) "PDF" ["publicationId"]=> int(2548) ["seq"]=> int(0) ["urlPath"]=> string(0) "" ["urlRemote"]=> string(0) "" } ["_hasLoadableAdapters"]=> bool(true) ["_metadataExtractionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_extractionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataInjectionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_injectionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) } } } ["_hasLoadableAdapters"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataExtractionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_extractionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataInjectionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_injectionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) }
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object(Publication)#791 (6) { ["_data"]=> array(27) { ["id"]=> int(2550) ["accessStatus"]=> int(0) ["datePublished"]=> string(10) "2016-06-30" ["lastModified"]=> string(19) "2020-05-15 15:25:03" ["sectionId"]=> int(34) ["seq"]=> int(6) ["submissionId"]=> int(2431) ["status"]=> int(3) ["version"]=> int(1) ["categoryIds"]=> array(0) { } ["copyrightYear"]=> int(2020) ["issueId"]=> int(192) ["licenseUrl"]=> string(49) "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0" ["pages"]=> string(7) "73–90" ["abstract"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(1403) "

For the survival and existence of national (traditional) minorities the usage of the mother tongue and the existence of a minority language school system are essential. The primary aim of the educational system of a certain country is to supply its inhabitants with the necessary capabilities to become good citizens of the state. From the point of view of a national minority a school system has a substantially broader functionality: teaching and using the mother tongue to empower the national identity. The current paper’s aim is to discover the influence of the Ukrainian language and education policy on the strategies of the Transcarpathian Hungarian parents regarding the choice of their children’s educational language. It is essential to highlight these aspects, as they have a huge impact on the future of the Hungarian education in Transcarpathia. The information gathered by this paper were collected by an empirical research. The first chapter of my study contains a review of the connection between language rights and language policy, paying special attention to the corresponding language related political decisions in Ukraine. The next section of this paper is trying to summarize the aspects Transcarpathian Hungarian parents consider while choosing the educational language for their children. This summary is based on my previous researches, conducted between 2008-2014.

" ["hu_HU"]=> string(1403) "

For the survival and existence of national (traditional) minorities the usage of the mother tongue and the existence of a minority language school system are essential. The primary aim of the educational system of a certain country is to supply its inhabitants with the necessary capabilities to become good citizens of the state. From the point of view of a national minority a school system has a substantially broader functionality: teaching and using the mother tongue to empower the national identity. The current paper’s aim is to discover the influence of the Ukrainian language and education policy on the strategies of the Transcarpathian Hungarian parents regarding the choice of their children’s educational language. It is essential to highlight these aspects, as they have a huge impact on the future of the Hungarian education in Transcarpathia. The information gathered by this paper were collected by an empirical research. The first chapter of my study contains a review of the connection between language rights and language policy, paying special attention to the corresponding language related political decisions in Ukraine. The next section of this paper is trying to summarize the aspects Transcarpathian Hungarian parents consider while choosing the educational language for their children. This summary is based on my previous researches, conducted between 2008-2014.

" } ["copyrightHolder"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" ["hu_HU"]=> string(0) "" } ["prefix"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" ["hu_HU"]=> string(0) "" } ["subtitle"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" ["hu_HU"]=> string(0) "" } ["title"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(178) "Az anyanyelvhasználat, az anyanyelvű iskolaválasztás elméleti és gyakorlati összefüggései az iskolai tannyelv-választás tükrében (kárpátaljai eredmények alapján)" ["hu_HU"]=> string(178) "Az anyanyelvhasználat, az anyanyelvű iskolaválasztás elméleti és gyakorlati összefüggései az iskolai tannyelv-választás tükrében (kárpátaljai eredmények alapján)" } ["locale"]=> string(5) "hu_HU" ["authors"]=> array(1) { [0]=> object(Author)#810 (6) { ["_data"]=> array(15) { ["id"]=> int(2830) ["email"]=> string(19) "noreply@ludovika.hu" ["includeInBrowse"]=> bool(true) ["publicationId"]=> int(2550) ["seq"]=> int(6) ["userGroupId"]=> int(235) ["country"]=> string(2) "HU" ["orcid"]=> string(0) "" ["url"]=> string(0) "" ["affiliation"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" ["hu_HU"]=> string(0) "" } ["biography"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" ["hu_HU"]=> string(0) "" } ["familyName"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(5) "Séra" ["hu_HU"]=> string(5) "Séra" } ["givenName"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(8) "Magdolna" ["hu_HU"]=> string(8) "Magdolna" } ["preferredPublicName"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" ["hu_HU"]=> string(0) "" } ["submissionLocale"]=> string(5) "hu_HU" } ["_hasLoadableAdapters"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataExtractionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_extractionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataInjectionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_injectionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) } } ["keywords"]=> array(2) { ["hu_HU"]=> array(2) { [0]=> string(19) "anyanyelvhasználat" [1]=> string(12) "kárpátalja" } ["en_US"]=> array(2) { [0]=> string(26) "usage of the mother tongue" [1]=> string(6) "Ukrain" } } ["subjects"]=> array(0) { } ["disciplines"]=> array(0) { } ["languages"]=> array(0) { } ["supportingAgencies"]=> array(0) { } ["galleys"]=> array(1) { [0]=> object(ArticleGalley)#804 (7) { ["_submissionFile"]=> NULL ["_data"]=> array(9) { ["submissionFileId"]=> int(7490) ["id"]=> int(1703) ["isApproved"]=> bool(false) ["locale"]=> string(5) "hu_HU" ["label"]=> string(3) "PDF" ["publicationId"]=> int(2550) ["seq"]=> int(0) ["urlPath"]=> string(0) "" ["urlRemote"]=> string(0) "" } ["_hasLoadableAdapters"]=> bool(true) ["_metadataExtractionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_extractionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataInjectionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_injectionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) } } } ["_hasLoadableAdapters"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataExtractionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_extractionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataInjectionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_injectionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) }
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object(Publication)#772 (6) { ["_data"]=> array(27) { ["id"]=> int(2552) ["accessStatus"]=> int(0) ["datePublished"]=> string(10) "2016-06-30" ["lastModified"]=> string(19) "2020-05-15 15:29:42" ["sectionId"]=> int(34) ["seq"]=> int(7) ["submissionId"]=> int(2433) ["status"]=> int(3) ["version"]=> int(1) ["categoryIds"]=> array(0) { } ["copyrightYear"]=> int(2020) ["issueId"]=> int(192) ["licenseUrl"]=> string(49) "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0" ["pages"]=> string(8) "91–105" ["abstract"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(870) "

Most Linguistic Landscape (LL) studies nowadays incorporate additional components such as images, photos, graffiti, clothes, as well as people who are immersed and absorbed in spaces by interacting with LL in different ways. This article demonstrates through Transcarpathian examples that language, when it is situated in public spaces needs to be interpreted in broad terms: the richness of the public space draws attention to a broad list of components that interactively participate in public spaces. These components, in addition to written texts in multiple languages, also incorporate components such as economic situation and people. These components are not static but rather form part of other layers that interact in public spaces. This makes LL vital, energetic, constantly evolving, dynamic and anchored in a political, social, and economic framework.

" ["hu_HU"]=> string(870) "

Most Linguistic Landscape (LL) studies nowadays incorporate additional components such as images, photos, graffiti, clothes, as well as people who are immersed and absorbed in spaces by interacting with LL in different ways. This article demonstrates through Transcarpathian examples that language, when it is situated in public spaces needs to be interpreted in broad terms: the richness of the public space draws attention to a broad list of components that interactively participate in public spaces. These components, in addition to written texts in multiple languages, also incorporate components such as economic situation and people. These components are not static but rather form part of other layers that interact in public spaces. This makes LL vital, energetic, constantly evolving, dynamic and anchored in a political, social, and economic framework.

" } ["copyrightHolder"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" ["hu_HU"]=> string(0) "" } ["prefix"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" ["hu_HU"]=> string(0) "" } ["subtitle"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" ["hu_HU"]=> string(0) "" } ["title"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(63) "A dinamikusan változó nyelvi tájkép: Kárpátalja példája" ["hu_HU"]=> string(63) "A dinamikusan változó nyelvi tájkép: Kárpátalja példája" } ["locale"]=> string(5) "hu_HU" ["authors"]=> array(1) { [0]=> object(Author)#814 (6) { ["_data"]=> array(15) { ["id"]=> int(2833) ["email"]=> string(19) "noreply@ludovika.hu" ["includeInBrowse"]=> bool(true) ["publicationId"]=> int(2552) ["seq"]=> int(7) ["userGroupId"]=> int(235) ["country"]=> string(2) "HU" ["orcid"]=> string(0) "" ["url"]=> string(0) "" ["affiliation"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" ["hu_HU"]=> string(0) "" } ["biography"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" ["hu_HU"]=> string(0) "" } ["familyName"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(11) "Csernicskó" ["hu_HU"]=> string(11) "Csernicskó" } ["givenName"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(7) "István" ["hu_HU"]=> string(7) "István" } ["preferredPublicName"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" ["hu_HU"]=> string(0) "" } ["submissionLocale"]=> string(5) "hu_HU" } ["_hasLoadableAdapters"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataExtractionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_extractionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataInjectionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_injectionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) } } ["keywords"]=> array(2) { ["hu_HU"]=> array(2) { [0]=> string(15) "nyelvi tájkép" [1]=> string(12) "Kárpátalja" } ["en_US"]=> array(2) { [0]=> string(20) "Linguistic Landscape" [1]=> string(15) "Transcarpathian" } } ["subjects"]=> array(0) { } ["disciplines"]=> array(0) { } ["languages"]=> array(0) { } ["supportingAgencies"]=> array(0) { } ["galleys"]=> array(1) { [0]=> object(ArticleGalley)#808 (7) { ["_submissionFile"]=> NULL ["_data"]=> array(9) { ["submissionFileId"]=> int(7494) ["id"]=> int(1705) ["isApproved"]=> bool(false) ["locale"]=> string(5) "hu_HU" ["label"]=> string(3) "PDF" ["publicationId"]=> int(2552) ["seq"]=> int(0) ["urlPath"]=> string(0) "" ["urlRemote"]=> string(0) "" } ["_hasLoadableAdapters"]=> bool(true) ["_metadataExtractionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_extractionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataInjectionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_injectionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) } } } ["_hasLoadableAdapters"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataExtractionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_extractionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataInjectionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_injectionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) }
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object(Publication)#803 (6) { ["_data"]=> array(27) { ["id"]=> int(2553) ["accessStatus"]=> int(0) ["datePublished"]=> string(10) "2016-06-30" ["lastModified"]=> string(19) "2020-05-15 15:34:17" ["sectionId"]=> int(34) ["seq"]=> int(8) ["submissionId"]=> int(2434) ["status"]=> int(3) ["version"]=> int(1) ["categoryIds"]=> array(0) { } ["copyrightYear"]=> int(2020) ["issueId"]=> int(192) ["licenseUrl"]=> string(49) "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0" ["pages"]=> string(9) "107–131" ["abstract"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(1470) "

Linguistic landscape research has grown to become an independent research field only during the last ten years; the increasing number of investigations in this field proves that there is an ever growing interest in the sociolinguistic examination of the written plates. This is probably also due to technological progress, i.e. linguists travel around documenting not only with a dictaphone, but with a high quality digital camera as well. As a result, linguistic landscapes can be analysed through a specific socio-linguistic context. These plates can reflect the power and status of a language. The language of these plates has an influence on the linguistic behaviour and language use (cf. Cenoz – Gorter 2006: 68). Examination of the linguistic landscape in a multilingual context i.e. in a majority-minority relation is of particular interest. During examination of the linguistic landscapes of Burgenland it can be concluded that the Hungarian language is symbolically present in the locality, but is under-represented compared to the number of Hungarian speakers. Furthermore, due to the disintegration of the Iron Curtain and Hungary’s accession to the EU an increase in the number of Hungarian linguistic landscapes can be observed, and these events have positively influenced the oral use of the Hungarian language. A growing visual display of the Hungarian language came about at places where the Hungarian language had been pushed back previously.

" ["hu_HU"]=> string(1470) "

Linguistic landscape research has grown to become an independent research field only during the last ten years; the increasing number of investigations in this field proves that there is an ever growing interest in the sociolinguistic examination of the written plates. This is probably also due to technological progress, i.e. linguists travel around documenting not only with a dictaphone, but with a high quality digital camera as well. As a result, linguistic landscapes can be analysed through a specific socio-linguistic context. These plates can reflect the power and status of a language. The language of these plates has an influence on the linguistic behaviour and language use (cf. Cenoz – Gorter 2006: 68). Examination of the linguistic landscape in a multilingual context i.e. in a majority-minority relation is of particular interest. During examination of the linguistic landscapes of Burgenland it can be concluded that the Hungarian language is symbolically present in the locality, but is under-represented compared to the number of Hungarian speakers. Furthermore, due to the disintegration of the Iron Curtain and Hungary’s accession to the EU an increase in the number of Hungarian linguistic landscapes can be observed, and these events have positively influenced the oral use of the Hungarian language. A growing visual display of the Hungarian language came about at places where the Hungarian language had been pushed back previously.

" } ["copyrightHolder"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" ["hu_HU"]=> string(0) "" } ["prefix"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" ["hu_HU"]=> string(0) "" } ["subtitle"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" ["hu_HU"]=> string(0) "" } ["title"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(73) "Feliratok, táblák, nyelvi sokszínűség: nyelvi tájkép Burgenlandban" ["hu_HU"]=> string(73) "Feliratok, táblák, nyelvi sokszínűség: nyelvi tájkép Burgenlandban" } ["locale"]=> string(5) "hu_HU" ["authors"]=> array(1) { [0]=> object(Author)#811 (6) { ["_data"]=> array(15) { ["id"]=> int(2834) ["email"]=> string(19) "noreply@ludovika.hu" ["includeInBrowse"]=> bool(true) ["publicationId"]=> int(2553) ["seq"]=> int(8) ["userGroupId"]=> int(235) ["country"]=> string(2) "HU" ["orcid"]=> string(0) "" ["url"]=> string(0) "" ["affiliation"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" ["hu_HU"]=> string(0) "" } ["biography"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" ["hu_HU"]=> string(0) "" } ["familyName"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(9) " Szoták " ["hu_HU"]=> string(9) " Szoták " } ["givenName"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(7) "Szilvia" ["hu_HU"]=> string(7) "Szilvia" } ["preferredPublicName"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" ["hu_HU"]=> string(0) "" } ["submissionLocale"]=> string(5) "hu_HU" } ["_hasLoadableAdapters"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataExtractionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_extractionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataInjectionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_injectionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) } } ["keywords"]=> array(2) { ["hu_HU"]=> array(2) { [0]=> string(15) "nyelvi tájkép" [1]=> string(10) "Burgenland" } ["en_US"]=> array(2) { [0]=> string(20) "Linguistic landscape" [1]=> string(10) "Burgenland" } } ["subjects"]=> array(0) { } ["disciplines"]=> array(0) { } ["languages"]=> array(0) { } ["supportingAgencies"]=> array(0) { } ["galleys"]=> array(1) { [0]=> object(ArticleGalley)#816 (7) { ["_submissionFile"]=> NULL ["_data"]=> array(9) { ["submissionFileId"]=> int(7496) ["id"]=> int(1706) ["isApproved"]=> bool(false) ["locale"]=> string(5) "hu_HU" ["label"]=> string(3) "PDF" ["publicationId"]=> int(2553) ["seq"]=> int(0) ["urlPath"]=> string(0) "" ["urlRemote"]=> string(0) "" } ["_hasLoadableAdapters"]=> bool(true) ["_metadataExtractionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_extractionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataInjectionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_injectionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) } } } ["_hasLoadableAdapters"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataExtractionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_extractionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataInjectionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_injectionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) }
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