Anyanyelvhasználathoz való jog az óvodai nevelésben (kárpátaljai kutatási eredményekből)

Absztrakt

The right to the usage of the mother tongue in the preschool education (based on the outcome of researches performed in Transcarpathia). The questions concerning the right and possibility of the mother tongue’s usage are frequently recurring in the linguistically diversified and constantly changing environment of the Carpathian basin among the jurists and linguists too. In terms of national minorities, from a linguistic point of view education is essential, as it has a major influence on the formation of a national minority’s identity. This paper summarizes language rights and laws in Ukranian preschool education. The paper is based on a research which took place in Transcarpathia (Ukraine) and Vojvodina, officially Autonomous Province of Vojvodina (Serbia) between 2012-2015. The research data was gathered through questionnaires and interviews with the participation of 330 parents and 15 teachers/educators. According to the results of the research, the usage of the mother tongue within the Hungarian educational system in Transcarpathia is considered as “important” by the majority of the Hungarian parents and also by 2/3 of the Ukrainian parents. The kindergarten teachers from both regions who took part in this research consider the language of preschool education as a major tool which can be used by the community in order to avoid assimilation. On the other hand, the granting of the rights regarding the usage of a language cannot guarantee the actual usage and further existence of a particular language on its own. Therefore it is not sufficient to possess the right to use a particular language, it is necessary to actually use it in everyday life.