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In military operations, battlefield sensor systems and various solutions supporting reconnaissance and surveillance are increasingly important. Networked battlefield and military devices deployed in the operational theatre can be the best solution to this, ensuring that they are designed to collect all the data generated in their environment, which they are programmed to acquire. These devices continuously share the information they collect with each other and with a central storage and processing server. The required interconnections are typically two-way communications with all the criteria necessary to share the collected data in the shortest possible time. The data collected and analysed in this way can contribute significantly to the near real-time monitoring of the real operational situation and environment. This capability will enable the acquisition and maintenance of information superiority and can significantly speed up decision-making processes. Therefore, networked battlefield intelligent devices are essential for achieving operational objectives and successfully executing operations. In this paper, the author examines the integration of various levels of military IoT devices into the cloud environment and the use of 5G technology as a possible future solution for developing the communication environment. To achieve the research objectives, the author performs a comparative analysis between relevant international academic publications and technical reports on the topic, based on which he formulates his research results.

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object(Publication)#119 (6) { ["_data"]=> array(28) { ["id"]=> int(6059) ["accessStatus"]=> int(0) ["datePublished"]=> string(10) "2023-02-02" ["lastModified"]=> string(19) "2023-02-02 14:38:48" ["primaryContactId"]=> int(7426) ["sectionId"]=> int(5) ["seq"]=> int(2) ["submissionId"]=> int(5935) ["status"]=> int(3) ["version"]=> int(1) ["categoryIds"]=> array(0) { } ["citationsRaw"]=> string(6421) "4/2008 (VIII.1.) Decree of the Ministry of Local Government on the protection of forests against fire. Online: https://net.jogtar.hu/jogszabaly?docid=a0800004.onm 6/2014 (III.7.) NDGDM statement on the reporting procedure for firefighting and technical rescue activities of the disaster management bodies and fire brigades. Online: https://net.jogtar.hu/getpdf?docid=A14U0006.OKF&targetdate=&printTitle=6/2014.+%28III.+7.%29+BM+OKF+utas%C3%ADt%C3%A1s&getdoc=1 54/2014 Decree of the Ministry of the Interior on the National Fire Regulation. Online: https://www.njt.hu/jogszabaly/2014-54-20-0A Act CXXVIII of 2011 concerning disaster management and amending certain related acts. Act XXXI of 1996 on the Protection Against Fire, Rescue Work and the Fire Service. Act LIV of 1996 on Forests and the Protection of Forests (repealed). Act XXXVII of 2009 on forests, on the protection and management of forests. Bartholy, Judit – Rita Pongrácz – Györgyi Gelybó: A 21. század végén várható éghajlatváltozás Magyarországon [Regional Climate Change Expected in Hungary by the End of the 21st Century]. Földrajzi Értesítő, 56, no. 3 (2007). 147–167. Bartholy, Judit – Rita Pongrácz: Regionális éghajlatváltozás elemzése a Kárpát-medence térségére [Analysis of Regional Climate Change in the Carpathian Basin]. In Zsolt Harnos – László Csete (eds.): Klímaváltozás: környezet – kockázat – társadalom [Climate Change: Environment – Risk – Society]. Budapest, Szaktudás Kiadó Ház, 2008. Bedia, Joaquín – Nicola Golding – Ana Casanueva – Maialen Iturbide – Carlo Buontempo – Jose Manuel Gutiérrez: Seasonal Predictions of Fire Weather Index: Paving the Way for their Operational Applicability in Mediterranean Europe. Climate Services, 9 (2018). 101–110. Online: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cliser.2017.04.001 Bussay, Attila – Csaba Szinell – Tamás Szentimrei: Az aszály magyarországi előfordulásainak vizsgálata és mérhetősége [Investigation and Measurability of Drought in Hungary]. Budapest, Országos Meteorológiai Szolgálat, 1999. Camia, Andrea – Tracy Durrant – Jesús San Miguel Ayanz: The European Fire Database. Technical Specifications and Data Submission. JRC Science and Policy Reports, 2014. Online: https://doi.org/10.2788/2175 Debreceni, Péter – László Bodnár – Rezső Pellérdi: Az erdőtűz kockázatának csökkentési lehetőségei Magyarországon [Methods of Forest Fire Risk Reduction in Hungary]. Védelem Tudomány, 2, no. 2 (2017). 1–11. Debreceni, Péter – Péter Pántya: A fokozottan tűzveszélyes időszakok meghatározásának lehetőségei [Possibilities for Definition of High Fire Danger Periods]. Műszaki Katonai Közlöny, 29, no. 1 (2019). 243–260. Online: https://doi.org/10.32562/mkk.2019.1.20 Decree 39/2011 (XI.15.) of the Minister of the Interior on general rules of fire safety and technical rescue operations of fire brigades. EEA Report No 15/2017: Climate change adaptation and disaster risk reduction in Europe. Enhancing coherence of the knowledge base, policies and practices. Online: https://doi.org/10.2800/938195 EEA Report No 1/2017: Climate change, impacts and vulnerability in Europe 2016. An indicator-based report. Online: https://doi.org/10.2800/534806 FireLife Forest Fire Prevention Project. Online: http://erdotuz.hu/megelozes/ IPCC 2007: Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press. IPCC Report: IPCC jelentés: Éghajlatváltozási Kormányközi Testület Tematikus jelentése a szélsőséges éghajlati események kockázatáról és kezeléséről [Special Report on Managing the Risk of Extreme Events and Disasters to Advance Climate Change Adaptation]. Döntéshozói Összefoglaló. Budapest, Nemzeti Fejlesztési Minisztérium, 2011. Online: https://www.met.hu/doc/IPCC_jelentes/ipcc_jelentes_2011.pdf Lawson, B. D. – O. B. Armitage: Weather Guide for the Canadian Forest Fire Danger Rating System. Edmonton, Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Northern Forestry Centre, 2008. Online: http://cfs.nrcan.gc.ca/pubwarehouse/pdfs/29152.pdf Mika, János: A globális felmelegedés regionális sajátosságai a Kárpát-medencében [Regional Features of Global Warming in the Carpathian Basin]. Időjárás, 92, nos. 2–3 (1988). 178–189. Recommendation No 6/2016 (VI.14.) of the Fire Tactics Regulations and Technical Rescue Regulations. Regulation (EC) No 2152/2003 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 17 November 2003 concerning monitoring of forests and environmental interactions in the Community (Forest Focus). Online: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/HU/ALL/?uri=CELEX:32003R2152 Restás, Ágoston: Common Analysis of the Costs and Effectiveness of Extinguishing Materials and Aerial Firefighting. In Domingos X. Viegas – Luís M. Ribeiro (eds.): Advances in Forest Fire Research. Coimbra, Universidade de Coimbra, 2014. 1799–1813. Online: https://doi.org/10.14195/978-989-26-0884-6_199 Szalai, Sándor – Péter Vigh: Új térképek és adatok a klímaváltozás trendjéről [New Maps and Data on the Trend of Climate Change]. Előadás, Klímaváltozás és az erdők [Lecture, Climate Change and Forests]. Budapest, Erdészeti Fórum, 2005. Szászi, Ivett: Globális kockázatok 2019 [Global Risks in 2019]. Online: https://biztonsagpolitika.hu/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/GEFcikk.pdf Teknős, László: Current Issues in Disaster Management Aspects of Global Climate Change. In László Földi – Hajnalka Hegedűs: Effects of Global Climate Change and Improvement of Adaptation Especially in the Public Service Area. Budapest, Dialóg Campus, 2019. 145–162. Van Wagner, Christian: Structure of the Canadian Forest Fire Weather Index. Ottava, Department of the Environment, Canadian Forestry, 1974. Online: https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/document?repid=rep1&type=pdf&doi=6eb255d878bc0cead1cac0b96304ed8980349042 World Economic Forum: The Global Risks Report 2020. Online: https://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_Global_Risk_Report_2020.pdf Wotton, Mike: A Grass Moisture Model for the Canadian Forest Fire Danger Rating System. 8th Fire and Forest Meteorology Symposium, 2009. Online: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/253644923_A_grass_moisture_model_for_the_Canadian_Forest_Fire_Danger_Rating_System" ["copyrightYear"]=> int(2023) ["issueId"]=> int(494) ["licenseUrl"]=> string(49) "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0" ["pages"]=> string(5) "21-48" ["pub-id::doi"]=> string(23) "10.32565/aarms.2022.3.2" ["abstract"]=> array(1) { ["en_US"]=> string(1869) "

Wildfires are one of the most common natural disasters in the world, which cause millions of hectares of damage each year. This fact poses a major challenge to the defence sector. Environmental safety problems caused by wildfires affect not only the ecosystem but also all aspects of society. Research on the effects of climate change predicts a more uneven rainfall distribution and rising daily average temperatures in summer and autumn in the Carpathian Basin. The effects of climate change will be indirectly detectable, such as the extension of fire risk periods, the increase in the number of wildfires and their spatial and temporal distribution, and the increase in fire intensity. Changes due to climate change will pose an even greater challenge in the future to the Hungarian authorities, which are responsible for preventing and extinguishing wildfires. One of the purposes of the paper is to define indicators that can be used to compare the number and extent of wildfires each year with the degree of the daily fire risk and the length of periods during which the wildfires occurred. For this, it is necessary to define the concept of the high fire risk days and the endangered areas and parts of the country in the Hungarian climatic conditions. Based on previous statistical studies, the authors will examine the spring and summer fire seasons separately because of the different fuel conditions and the causes of fire ignition. They examine statistical data on wildfires and apply GIS application. Another aim of the research is to find a correlation between the daily fire risk values, the number of wildfires and the burned area. A fire risk-based investigation of the wildfires that have occurred in the last decade can later help in official preparation, annual planning and preparation of forces involved in the prevention and firefighting.

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PhD student

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doktorandusz

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Journal of Textile and Apparel, Technology and Management, 9, no. 3 (2015). 1–15. Broyles, George: Wildland Firefighter Smoke Exposure. United States Department of Agriculture, October 2013. Campbell, Richard: Firefighter Injuries on the Fireground. National Fire Protection Association, September 2021. Online: https://www.nfpa.org/-/media/Files/News-and-Research/Fire-statistics-and-reports/Emergency-responders/ospatterns.pdf Czikora, László – Lajos Major – Miklós Diriczi – Gábor Dobos: Műszaki ismeretek I. A tűzoltó szakképzésben résztvevők számára. Budapest, BM Katasztrófavédelmi Oktatási Központ, 2003. Darvay, Sarolta – Katalin Hill – Gábor Áron Vitályos: Összeállítás a funkcionális anatómia tantárgyhoz csecsemő- és kisgyermeknevelő, óvópedagógus és tanító szakos hallgatók részére [Compilation for the Functional Anatomy Subject for Students Majoring in Infant and Toddler Education, Kindergarten Teachers and Teachers]. Budapest, ELTE Tanító- és Óvóképző Kar, Természettudományi Tanszék, 2017. Hasenmeier, Paul: The History of Firefighter Personal Protective Equipment. Fire Engineering, 16 June 2008. Online: https://www.fireengineering.com/fire-prevention-protection/the-history-of-firefighter-personal-protective-equipment/#gref Haynes, Hylton J. G. – Joseph L. Molis: U.S. Firefighter Injuries. National Fire Protection Association, November 2016. 27–28. History: Who Built the First Automobile? History, 11 December 2012. Online: https://www.history.com/news/who-built-the-first-automobile Huszka, Zsolt – Sándor Rácz – László Bodnár: Tűzoltói beavatkozások veszélyforrásai és munkabiztonsága [Hazards and Occupational Safety of Firefighting Interventions]. Védelem Tudomány, 7, no. 2 (2022). 26–39. International Association of Fire and Rescue Services, Word Fire Statistics. Online: https://ctif.org/world-fire-statistics József, István: Életkori sajátosságok és fejlődési szakaszok [Age Characteristics and Developmental Stages]. Lecture notes, s. a. Online: http://janus.ttk.pte.hu/tamop/kaposvari_anyag/jozsef_istvan/letkori_sajtossgok_s_fejldsi_szakaszok.html Kanyó, Ferenc: A tűzoltók fizikai alkalmasságának felmérése az új évezredben. Laboratóriumi és pályavizsgáló teljesítménydiagnosztikai eljárások alkalmazási lehetőségei a tűzoltók teljesítménymérésében [Assessing the Physical Fitness of Firefighters in the New Millennium. Application Possibilities of Laboratory and Field Testing Performance Diagnostic Procedures in Measuring the Performance of Firefighters]. Doctoral thesis. Budapest, Zrínyi Miklós Nemzetvédelmi Egyetem, 2008. 4–24. Kanyó, Ferenc – Ildikó Vásárhelyi-Nagy: A beavatkozó tűzoltói állomány kompetencia alapú fizikai állapotfelmérése [Competence-based Physical Test for Firefighters]. Védelem Tudomány, 6, no. 1 (2021). 204–217. Katasztrófavédelem: Huszonkilenc éve mutatja be a múlt emlékeit a mosonmagyaróvári tűzoltó kiállítás [For Twenty-Nine Years, the Mosonmagyaróvár Firefighting Exhibition Has Presented Memories of the Past]. Katasztrófavédelem, 30 April 2020. Online: https://gyor.katasztrofavedelem.hu/35227/huszonkilenc-eve-mutatja-be-a-mult-emlekeit-a-mosonmagyarovari-tuzolto-kiallitas Katasztrófavédelem: Szakmai képzések (2021. január 1-tőlindított) [Professional Training Courses (launched from 1 January 2021)]. Online: https://kok.katasztrofavedelem.hu/35927/szakmai-kepzesek-2021-januar-1-tol-inditott Pántya, Péter: A Katasztrófavédelem beavatkozó hatékonyságának fejlesztése a tűzoltósági területen [Developing the Efficiency of the Intervention Part of the Disaster Management in the Field of Fire Service]. Hadmérnök, 13, “KÖFOP” issue (2018). 109–144. Pántya, Péter: Fire, Rescue, Disaster Management. Experiences from Different Countries. AARMS, 17, no. 2 (2018). 77–94. Online: https://doi.org/10.32565/aarms.2018.2.6 Park, Huiju – Juyeon Park – Shu-Hwa Lin – Lynn M. Boorady: Assessment of Firefighters’ Needs for Personal Protective Equipment. Fashion and Textiles, 1, no. 8 (2014). Online: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40691-014-0008-3 National Center for PTSD: Understanding PTSD and PTSD Treatment. May 2019. Online: https://www.ptsd.va.gov/publications/print/understandingptsd_booklet.pdf Regulation 15/2010 (V.12.) on the applicability of fire protection techniques related to firefighting and technical rescue activities. Regularization based on the ÖM decree: “Authorization of the unrestricted use of fire protection technology for the professional disaster prevention organization and the municipal fire department.” Regulation 16/2018 on the periodic inspection and review of firefighting ladders, personal protective equipment, equipment and firefighting ropes for preventing falls from a height or the impact of a fall of the ND GDM. Regulation 34/2021 on the provision of personal protective equipment to the personnel of the ND GDM, Appendix. Restás, Ágoston: Pszichológia a tűz frontvonalában [Psychology on the Frontline of Fire]. Védelem Tudomány, 1, no. 3 (2016). 46–56. Salty Dog: Wearing Their Fire Helmets Backwards. Gettin Salty Apparel, 09 January 2015. Online: https://gettinsaltyapparel.com/blog/wearing-their-fire-helmets-backwards/ Seiz: Fire-Fighter Premium. Online: www.seiz.de/shop/einsatzhandschuhe/brandeinsatz/19/fire-fighter-premium Szabó, Gyula: Krónikus váz-izomrendszeri megbetegedések a munkában [Chronic Musculoskeletal Diseases at Work]. Magyar Ergonómiai Társaság, 01 April 2021. Online: https://met.ergonomiavilaga.hu/wp/2021/04/01/kronikus-vaz-izomrendszeri-megbetegedesek-a-munkaban/ Szászvári, Karina Ágnes: Fejlődés egy életen át. Az idősödő munkavállalók sajátosságai és lehetőségei [Lifelong Development. Characteristics and Choices of the Aging Employees]. Budapest, Budapesti Gazdaságtudományi Egyetem, 2017. Online: http://publikaciotar.repozitorium.uni-bge.hu/1165/1/01_Szaszvari_Karina_Agnes.pdf Szilágyi, János – Károly Szabó: A tűzrendészet fejlődése az őskortól a modern időkig. Budapest, BM Könyvkiadó, 1986. Vásárhelyi-Nagy, Ildikó: A beavatkozó állomány kondicionális képességei fejlesztésének új irányai, különös tekintettel a proprioceptív módszerek alkalmazására [New Ways to Improve the Fitness Ability of the Intervening Personnel, Most Importantly with the Use of Proprioceptive Methods]. Hadmérnök, 13, no. 4 (2018). 408–422. Veterans Law: Human Body Organ Systems and Their Function. Veterans Law, 15 October 2021. Online: https://cck-law.com/blog/human-body-organ-systems-and-their-function/" ["copyrightYear"]=> int(2023) ["issueId"]=> int(494) ["licenseUrl"]=> string(49) "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0" ["pages"]=> string(5) "49-70" ["pub-id::doi"]=> string(23) "10.32565/aarms.2022.3.3" ["abstract"]=> array(1) { ["en_US"]=> string(1454) "

The publication focuses on the safety of the damaged environment that arises during firefighting interventions, the protection and ergonomic factors of personal protective equipment currently used in Hungary and internationally, and on increasing and improving the level of protection and other issues related to firefighting interventions. Personal protective equipment must provide the highest level of protection against unforeseen threats in different directions, taking into account proportionality. The basic idea of the publication is to analyse and evaluate the typical sources of danger in the firefighters’ work environment in the domestic and international environment, to examine the personal protective equipment in use from several aspects, and to examine the applicability of the currently used personal protective equipment for firefighters. The publication covers the load-bearing capacity of the human body, taking into account age, the concept and interpretation of ergonomics, and the implementation of personal protective equipment in practice. In addition, the author mentions the firefighting accidents of the last 10 years in Hungary and the role of personal protective equipment in them. There is also talk of processing firefighting accidents abroad. Examining the practice of the National Directorate General for Disaster Management settings, maintenance and training will also be one of the topics of the publication.

" } ["copyrightHolder"]=> array(1) { ["en_US"]=> string(14) "Horváth Lilla" } ["source"]=> array(1) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" } ["title"]=> array(1) { ["en_US"]=> string(110) "Examination of the Application of Currently Used, New or Additional Firefighting Personal Protective Equipment" } ["locale"]=> string(5) "en_US" ["authors"]=> array(1) { [0]=> object(Author)#773 (6) { ["_data"]=> array(15) { ["id"]=> int(7983) ["email"]=> string(27) "lilla.horvath@katved.gov.hu" ["includeInBrowse"]=> bool(true) ["publicationId"]=> int(6473) ["seq"]=> int(3) ["userGroupId"]=> int(82) ["country"]=> string(2) "HU" ["orcid"]=> string(37) "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6198-7345" ["url"]=> string(0) "" ["affiliation"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" ["hu_HU"]=> string(0) "" } ["biography"]=> array(1) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" } ["familyName"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(8) "Horváth" ["hu_HU"]=> string(8) "Horváth" } ["givenName"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(5) "Lilla" ["hu_HU"]=> string(5) "Lilla" } ["preferredPublicName"]=> array(1) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" } ["submissionLocale"]=> string(5) "en_US" } ["_hasLoadableAdapters"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataExtractionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_extractionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataInjectionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_injectionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) } } ["keywords"]=> array(1) { ["en_US"]=> array(5) { [0]=> string(11) "firefighter" [1]=> string(29) "personal protective equipment" [2]=> string(10) "ergonomics" [3]=> string(8) "accident" [4]=> string(14) "the human body" } } ["subjects"]=> array(0) { } ["disciplines"]=> array(0) { } ["languages"]=> array(0) { } ["supportingAgencies"]=> array(0) { } ["galleys"]=> array(1) { [0]=> object(ArticleGalley)#775 (7) { ["_submissionFile"]=> NULL ["_data"]=> array(9) { ["submissionFileId"]=> int(26681) ["id"]=> int(5225) ["isApproved"]=> bool(false) ["locale"]=> string(5) "en_US" ["label"]=> string(3) "PDF" ["publicationId"]=> int(6473) ["seq"]=> int(0) ["urlPath"]=> string(0) "" ["urlRemote"]=> string(0) "" } ["_hasLoadableAdapters"]=> bool(true) ["_metadataExtractionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_extractionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataInjectionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_injectionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) } } } ["_hasLoadableAdapters"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataExtractionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_extractionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataInjectionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_injectionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) }

object(Publication)#187 (6) { ["_data"]=> array(29) { ["id"]=> int(6308) ["accessStatus"]=> int(0) ["datePublished"]=> string(10) "2023-02-02" ["lastModified"]=> string(19) "2023-02-02 14:38:48" ["primaryContactId"]=> int(7769) ["sectionId"]=> int(5) ["seq"]=> int(4) ["submissionId"]=> int(6184) ["status"]=> int(3) ["version"]=> int(1) ["categoryIds"]=> array(0) { } ["citationsRaw"]=> string(4694) "Abdenur, Adriana Erthal – Giovanna Kuele – Ariane Francisco: Enhancing Peacekeeping Training through Cooperation Lessons from Latin America. Brasilia, Igarapé Institute, 2018. Al-Jazeera: Uruguay Apologises over Alleged Rape in Haiti. Al-Jazeera, 07 September 2011. Online: https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2011/9/7/uruguay-apologises-over-alleged-rape-in-haiti Avezov, Xenia: The New Geopolitics of Peace Operations: A Dialogue with Emerging Powers: South America Regional Dialogue. Journal of International Peacekeeping, 17 (2013). 162–170. Online: https://doi.org/10.1163/18754112-1702006 Bellamy, Alex J. – Paul D. Williams: Broadening the Base of United Nations Troop- and Police-Contributing Countries. New York, International Peace Institute, 2012. Bryson, Joanna J. – Mihailis E. Diamantis – Thomas D. Grant: Of, For, and By the People: The Legal Lacuna of Synthetic Persons. Artificial Intelligence and Law, 25 (2017). 273–291. Online: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10506-017-9214-9 Cachanosky, Nicolás – Alexandre Padilla: Latin American Populism in the Twenty-First Century. The Independent Review, 24, no. 2 (2019). 209–226. Coleman, Katharina P. – Benjamin Nyblade: Peacekeeping for Profit? The Scope and Limits of ‘Mercenary’ UN Peacekeeping. Journal of Peace Research, 55, no. 6 (2018). 726–741. Online: https://doi.org/10.1177/0022343318775784 El Páis: Gobierno anunció el retiro de Uruguay de la Unasur y el reingreso al TIAR [Government Announces Uruguay’s Withdrawal from Unasur and Re-entry into TIAR]. El Páis, 10 March 2020. Online: https://www.elpais.com.uy/informacion/politica/gobierno-anuncio-retiro-uruguay-unasur-reingreso-tiar.html# Esparza, Diego – Santiago Arca Henon – Hope Dewell Gentry: Peacekeeping and Civil–Military Relations in Uruguay. Defence and Security Analysis, 36, no. 3 (2020). 314–334. Online: https://doi.org/10.1080/14751798.2020.1790809 Guyer, Julián González: Punching above Its Weight. Uruguay and UN Peace Operations. In Kai Michael Kenkel (ed.): South America and Peace Operations. Coming of Age. London, Routledge, 2013. 111–131. Online: https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203071502 Guyer, Julian Gonzalez – Nicole Jenne: Controlling Blue Berets: The Consequences of Political Neglect in the Case of Uruguay’s Participation in Peacekeeping. Armed Forces and Society, 20 (2019). 1–22. Online: https://doi.org/10.1177/0095327X19877211 Human Rights Watch: Latin America: Alarming Reversal of Basic Freedoms. 2022. Online: https://www.hrw.org/news/2022/01/13/latin-america-alarming-reversal-basic-freedoms Kenkel, Kai Michael: Stepping out of the Shadow: South America and Peace Operations. International Peacekeeping, 17, no. 5 (2010). 584–497. Online: https://doi.org/10.1080/13533312.2010.516928 Kernic, Franz – Lisa Karlborg: Dynamics of Globalization and Regional Integration: South America and Peace Operations. International Peacekeeping, 17, no. 5 (2010). 723–736. Online: https://doi.org/10.1080/13533312.2010.516982 Michael, Kobi – Eyal Ben-Ari: Contemporary Peace Support Operations: The Primacy of the Military and Internal Contradictions. Armed Forces and Society, 37, no. 4 (2011). 657-679. Online: https://doi.org/10.1177/0095327X10390467 PeaceWomen: Haiti: U.N. “Outraged” at Sexual Abuse by Peacekeepers. IPS, 23 January 2012. Online: https://www.peacewomen.org/content/haiti-un-outraged-sexual-abuse-peacekeepers Peláez, Amílcar Andrés: Country Survey XX: Defence Spending and Peacekeeping in Uruguay. Defence and Peace Economics, 18, no. 3 (2007). 281–302. Online: https://doi.org/10.1080/10242690600924679 Phillips, Tom: Bolsonaro Should Be Charged with Crimes against Humanity, Covid Inquiry Finds. The Guardian, 20 October 2021. Online: https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/oct/20/jair-bolsonaro-crimes-against-humanity-inquiry Ramalho, Antonio Jorge: Predictable Evolutions, Normative Engagements, and their Implications for South American Countries’ Engagement in Peacekeeping and Peacebuilding Operations. In Eduarda P. Hamann – Robert Muggah (eds.): Implementing the Responsibility to Protect: New Directions for International Peace and Security? Brasilia, Igarapé Institute, 2013. 77–84. Trinkunas, Harold A.: Crafting Civilian Control of the Military in Venezuela. A Comparative Perspective. Chapel Hill, University of North Carolina Press, 2011. Online: https://doi.org/10.5149/9780807877036_trinkunas United Nations: Charter of the United Nations. San Francisco, 26 June 1945. White, Hannah: Indigenous Peoples, the International Trend Toward Legal Personhood for Nature and the United States. American Indian Law Review, 43, no. 1 (2018). 129–165." ["copyrightYear"]=> int(2023) ["issueId"]=> int(494) ["licenseUrl"]=> string(49) "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0" ["pages"]=> string(5) "71-83" ["pub-id::doi"]=> string(23) "10.32565/aarms.2022.3.4" ["abstract"]=> array(1) { ["en_US"]=> string(1203) "

Latin American States have been ardent defenders of international peace and security for several decades. Preeminent among them is the state of Uruguay, which has contributed a substantial amount of military and police personnel to United Nations peace operations to a degree that cannot be explained by its territory, economic potential, military might or political power. The country was lauded for its efforts in the international community by subsequent secretaries-general of the United Nations. Illustrated by the fact that the small country has provided several force commanders and thousands of personnel, Uruguay is a virtual giant when it comes to contributions to peace operations. The study aims at finding answers to three fundamental questions. Firstly, what kind of tendencies can be observed regarding the contribution of Latin American States and how Uruguay’s actions can be compared to other states in the region. Secondly, what are the causes for such a robust presence. Last but not least, could large-scale contributions also have adverse effects in the form of misconduct and crimes committed by peacekeepers and if that is the case, how can such occurrences be remedied.

" } ["copyrightHolder"]=> array(1) { ["en_US"]=> string(13) "Hárs András" } ["source"]=> array(1) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" } ["title"]=> array(1) { ["en_US"]=> string(88) "Causes and Effects of Uruguay’s Contribution to the United Nations’ Peace Operations" } ["locale"]=> string(5) "en_US" ["authors"]=> array(1) { [0]=> object(Author)#770 (6) { ["_data"]=> array(10) { ["id"]=> int(7769) ["email"]=> string(22) "hars.andras@uni-nke.hu" ["includeInBrowse"]=> bool(true) ["publicationId"]=> int(6308) ["seq"]=> int(4) ["userGroupId"]=> int(82) ["affiliation"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" ["hu_HU"]=> string(0) "" } ["familyName"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(5) "Hárs" ["hu_HU"]=> string(5) "Hárs" } ["givenName"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(7) "András" ["hu_HU"]=> string(7) "András" } ["submissionLocale"]=> string(5) "en_US" } ["_hasLoadableAdapters"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataExtractionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_extractionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataInjectionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_injectionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) } } ["keywords"]=> array(1) { ["en_US"]=> array(5) { [0]=> string(7) "Uruguay" [1]=> string(14) "United Nations" [2]=> string(16) "peace operations" [3]=> string(13) "Latin America" [4]=> string(12) "contribution" } } ["subjects"]=> array(0) { } ["disciplines"]=> array(0) { } ["languages"]=> array(0) { } ["supportingAgencies"]=> array(0) { } ["galleys"]=> array(1) { [0]=> object(ArticleGalley)#754 (7) { ["_submissionFile"]=> NULL ["_data"]=> array(9) { ["submissionFileId"]=> int(26682) ["id"]=> int(5226) ["isApproved"]=> bool(false) ["locale"]=> string(5) "en_US" ["label"]=> string(3) "PDF" ["publicationId"]=> int(6308) ["seq"]=> int(0) ["urlPath"]=> string(0) "" ["urlRemote"]=> string(0) "" } ["_hasLoadableAdapters"]=> bool(true) ["_metadataExtractionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_extractionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataInjectionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_injectionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) } } } ["_hasLoadableAdapters"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataExtractionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_extractionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataInjectionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_injectionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) }

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Nowadays, the number of forest and vegetation fires is gradually increasing, which are destroying ever larger areas of the Earth. In order to increase the efficiency of activities aimed at prevention and elimination of the consequences of fires, a scientifically based investigation of vegetation fires is essential. Our goal is to examine vegetation fires in simulation environment. During our research work, a simulation model was created with WFDS program, and the spread and effects of fire in a given area were examined. The analysis of the simulation results can help in understanding the propagation properties of vegetation fires, as well as form a good starting point for further research.

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egyetemi docens

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A few countries in Latin America, like Mexico, Argentina, Brazil have already achieved notable results in their own space programs even before the current wave of space activities. Smaller countries in the region, due to possible commercial gains, scientific achievements and security concerns also turned their attention towards space. The chance for cooperation with major space actors, like the United States, the European Space Agency (owning a significant base in French Guiana), or the People’s Republic of China is a tempting offer, but not without its own pitfalls. To strengthen their position and their own space programs 18 nations recently founded the Latin American and Caribbean Space Agency (Agencia Latinoamericana y Caribeña del Espacio). In this paper we shall examine the recent developments in the region’s space activity and the influence of major space powers, especially that of China and the U.S.

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London, Palgrave Macmillan, 2017. Weiss Fagen, Patricia – Mican N. Bump: Remittances in Conflict and Crises: How Remittances Sustain Livelihoods in War, Crises, and Transitions to Peace. The International Peace Academy, Policy Paper, February 2006. Online: https://www.ipinst.org/wp-content/uploads/publications/remittances_erpt.pdf" ["copyrightYear"]=> int(2023) ["issueId"]=> int(494) ["licenseUrl"]=> string(49) "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0" ["pages"]=> string(7) "117-133" ["pub-id::doi"]=> string(23) "10.32565/aarms.2022.3.7" ["abstract"]=> array(1) { ["en_US"]=> string(869) "

While a wide range of extensive literature deal with migration as a security concern, much less attention is aimed at migrant remittances regarding security. However, vulnerable communities in developing regions such as Latin America tend to rely upon the sum of money received from migrants working abroad. In the shadow of the Covid-19 pandemic, it has again become apparent that migrant related monetary remittances play a vital role in disaster relief. In this paper it is argued that remittances have been a crucial tool for economic and human security in Latin America especially during the pandemic. Examining primary and secondary statistical sources, the analysis also tries to find explanations for the resilience and increasing volume of cross-border remittances with regard to the Latin American region, exceeding earlier estimates to a great extent.

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