object(Publication)#697 (6) { ["_data"]=> array(29) { ["id"]=> int(6529) ["accessStatus"]=> int(0) ["datePublished"]=> string(10) "2023-02-02" ["lastModified"]=> string(19) "2023-02-02 14:38:47" ["primaryContactId"]=> int(8046) ["sectionId"]=> int(5) ["seq"]=> int(1) ["submissionId"]=> int(6405) ["status"]=> int(3) ["version"]=> int(1) ["categoryIds"]=> array(0) { } ["citationsRaw"]=> string(3077) "Afolabi, Ibrahim – Tarik Taleb – Konstantinos Samdanis – Adlen Ksentini – Hannu Flinck: Network Slicing and Softwarization: A Survey on Principles, Enabling Technologies, and Solutions. IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials, 20, no. 3 (2018). 2429–2453. Online: https://doi.org/10.1109/COMST.2018.2815638 Bastos, Luis – Germano Capela – Alper Koprulu – Gerard Elzinga: Potential of 5G Technologies for Military Application. 2021 International Conference on Military Communication and Information Systems (ICMCIS), (2021). 1–8. Online: https://doi.org/10.1109/ICMCIS52405.2021.9486402 Bognár, Eszter Katalin: Possibilities and Security Challenges of Using IoT for Military Purposes. Hadmérnök, 13, no. 3 (2018). 378–390. ETSI: 5G; System Architecture for the 5G System (3GPP TS 23.501 version 15.3.0 Release 15). 2020. Filali, Abderrahime – Amine Abouaomar – Soumaya Cherkaoui – Abdellatif Kobbane – Mohsen Guizani: Multi-Access Edge Computing: A Survey. IEEE Access, 8 (2020). 197017–197046. Online: https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2020.3034136 ITU-R: Recommendation ITU-R M.2083-0, IMT Vision – Framework and Overall Objectives of the Future Development of IMT for 2020 and Beyond. 2020. Kim, Hwankuk: 5G Core Network Security Issues and Attack Classification from Network Protocol Perspective. Journal of Internet Services and Information Security (JISIS), 10 (2020). 1–15. Online: https://doi.org/10.22667/JISIS.2020.05.31.001 Kollár, Csaba: Az IoT katonai felhasználási lehetőségei és a fejlesztés irányai. Hadmérnök, 12, no. 4 (2017). 146–158. Liao, Jingjing – Xinjian Ou: 5G Military Application Scenarios and Private Network Architectures. 2020 IEEE International Conference on Advances in Electrical Engineering and Computer Applications (AEECA), (2020). 726–732. Online: https://doi.org/10.1109/AEECA49918.2020.9213507 Nakao, Akihiro – Ping Du – Yoshiaki Kiriha – Fabrizio Granelli – Anteneh Atumo Gebremariam – Tarik Taleb – Miloud Bagaa: End-to-end Network Slicing for 5G Mobile Networks. Journal of Information Processing, 25 (2017). 153–163. Online: https://doi.org/10.2197/ipsjjip.25.153 Ranaweera, Pasika – Anca Delia Jurcut – Madhusanka Liyanage: Survey on Multi-Access Edge Computing Security and Privacy. IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials, 23, no. 2 (2021). 1078–1124. Online: https://doi.org/10.1109/COMST.2021.3062546 Sicari, Sabrina – Alessandra Rizzardi – Alberto Coen-Porisini: 5G in the Internet of Things Era: An Overview on Security and Privacy Challenges. Computer Networks, 179 (2020). Online: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comnet.2020.107345 Tóth, András: Cloud of Things Security Challenges and Solutions. 2021 Communication and Information Technologies (KIT), (2021). 1–6. Online: https://doi.org/10.1109/KIT52904.2021.9583760 Wang, Peng – Xing Zhang – Zhi Yan – Barry G. Evans – Wenbo Wang: Convergence of Satellite and Terrestrial Networks: A Comprehensive Survey. IEEE Access, 8 (2020). 5550–5588. Online: https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2019.2963223" ["copyrightYear"]=> int(2023) ["issueId"]=> int(494) ["licenseUrl"]=> string(49) "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0" ["pages"]=> string(4) "5-20" ["pub-id::doi"]=> string(23) "10.32565/aarms.2022.3.1" ["abstract"]=> array(1) { ["en_US"]=> string(1629) "

In military operations, battlefield sensor systems and various solutions supporting reconnaissance and surveillance are increasingly important. Networked battlefield and military devices deployed in the operational theatre can be the best solution to this, ensuring that they are designed to collect all the data generated in their environment, which they are programmed to acquire. These devices continuously share the information they collect with each other and with a central storage and processing server. The required interconnections are typically two-way communications with all the criteria necessary to share the collected data in the shortest possible time. The data collected and analysed in this way can contribute significantly to the near real-time monitoring of the real operational situation and environment. This capability will enable the acquisition and maintenance of information superiority and can significantly speed up decision-making processes. Therefore, networked battlefield intelligent devices are essential for achieving operational objectives and successfully executing operations. In this paper, the author examines the integration of various levels of military IoT devices into the cloud environment and the use of 5G technology as a possible future solution for developing the communication environment. To achieve the research objectives, the author performs a comparative analysis between relevant international academic publications and technical reports on the topic, based on which he formulates his research results.

" } ["copyrightHolder"]=> array(1) { ["en_US"]=> string(13) "Tóth András" } ["source"]=> array(1) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" } ["title"]=> array(1) { ["en_US"]=> string(51) "The Use of 5G in Military Cloud of Things Solutions" } ["locale"]=> string(5) "en_US" ["authors"]=> array(1) { [0]=> object(Author)#732 (6) { ["_data"]=> array(15) { ["id"]=> int(8046) ["email"]=> string(26) "toth.hir.andras@uni-nke.hu" ["includeInBrowse"]=> bool(true) ["publicationId"]=> int(6529) ["seq"]=> int(1) ["userGroupId"]=> int(82) ["country"]=> string(2) "HU" ["orcid"]=> string(37) "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6098-3262" ["url"]=> string(0) "" ["affiliation"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" ["hu_HU"]=> string(0) "" } ["biography"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" ["hu_HU"]=> string(0) "" } ["familyName"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(5) "Tóth" ["hu_HU"]=> string(9) "Dr. Tóth" } ["givenName"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(7) "András" ["hu_HU"]=> string(7) "András" } ["preferredPublicName"]=> array(1) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" } ["submissionLocale"]=> string(5) "en_US" } ["_hasLoadableAdapters"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataExtractionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_extractionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataInjectionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_injectionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) } } ["keywords"]=> array(1) { ["en_US"]=> array(4) { [0]=> string(27) "Cloud of Battlefield Things" [1]=> string(24) "Cloud of Military Things" [2]=> string(11) "military 5G" [3]=> string(15) "network slicing" } } ["subjects"]=> array(0) { } ["disciplines"]=> array(0) { } ["languages"]=> array(0) { } ["supportingAgencies"]=> array(0) { } ["galleys"]=> array(1) { [0]=> object(ArticleGalley)#745 (7) { ["_submissionFile"]=> NULL ["_data"]=> array(9) { ["submissionFileId"]=> int(26679) ["id"]=> int(5223) ["isApproved"]=> bool(false) ["locale"]=> string(5) "en_US" ["label"]=> string(3) "PDF" ["publicationId"]=> int(6529) ["seq"]=> int(0) ["urlPath"]=> string(0) "" ["urlRemote"]=> string(0) "" } ["_hasLoadableAdapters"]=> bool(true) ["_metadataExtractionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_extractionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataInjectionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_injectionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) } } } ["_hasLoadableAdapters"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataExtractionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_extractionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataInjectionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_injectionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) }

object(Publication)#121 (6) { ["_data"]=> array(28) { ["id"]=> int(6059) ["accessStatus"]=> int(0) ["datePublished"]=> string(10) "2023-02-02" ["lastModified"]=> string(19) "2023-02-02 14:38:48" ["primaryContactId"]=> int(7426) ["sectionId"]=> int(5) ["seq"]=> int(2) ["submissionId"]=> int(5935) ["status"]=> int(3) ["version"]=> int(1) ["categoryIds"]=> array(0) { } ["citationsRaw"]=> string(6421) "4/2008 (VIII.1.) Decree of the Ministry of Local Government on the protection of forests against fire. Online: https://net.jogtar.hu/jogszabaly?docid=a0800004.onm 6/2014 (III.7.) NDGDM statement on the reporting procedure for firefighting and technical rescue activities of the disaster management bodies and fire brigades. Online: https://net.jogtar.hu/getpdf?docid=A14U0006.OKF&targetdate=&printTitle=6/2014.+%28III.+7.%29+BM+OKF+utas%C3%ADt%C3%A1s&getdoc=1 54/2014 Decree of the Ministry of the Interior on the National Fire Regulation. Online: https://www.njt.hu/jogszabaly/2014-54-20-0A Act CXXVIII of 2011 concerning disaster management and amending certain related acts. Act XXXI of 1996 on the Protection Against Fire, Rescue Work and the Fire Service. Act LIV of 1996 on Forests and the Protection of Forests (repealed). Act XXXVII of 2009 on forests, on the protection and management of forests. Bartholy, Judit – Rita Pongrácz – Györgyi Gelybó: A 21. század végén várható éghajlatváltozás Magyarországon [Regional Climate Change Expected in Hungary by the End of the 21st Century]. Földrajzi Értesítő, 56, no. 3 (2007). 147–167. Bartholy, Judit – Rita Pongrácz: Regionális éghajlatváltozás elemzése a Kárpát-medence térségére [Analysis of Regional Climate Change in the Carpathian Basin]. In Zsolt Harnos – László Csete (eds.): Klímaváltozás: környezet – kockázat – társadalom [Climate Change: Environment – Risk – Society]. Budapest, Szaktudás Kiadó Ház, 2008. Bedia, Joaquín – Nicola Golding – Ana Casanueva – Maialen Iturbide – Carlo Buontempo – Jose Manuel Gutiérrez: Seasonal Predictions of Fire Weather Index: Paving the Way for their Operational Applicability in Mediterranean Europe. Climate Services, 9 (2018). 101–110. Online: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cliser.2017.04.001 Bussay, Attila – Csaba Szinell – Tamás Szentimrei: Az aszály magyarországi előfordulásainak vizsgálata és mérhetősége [Investigation and Measurability of Drought in Hungary]. Budapest, Országos Meteorológiai Szolgálat, 1999. Camia, Andrea – Tracy Durrant – Jesús San Miguel Ayanz: The European Fire Database. Technical Specifications and Data Submission. JRC Science and Policy Reports, 2014. Online: https://doi.org/10.2788/2175 Debreceni, Péter – László Bodnár – Rezső Pellérdi: Az erdőtűz kockázatának csökkentési lehetőségei Magyarországon [Methods of Forest Fire Risk Reduction in Hungary]. Védelem Tudomány, 2, no. 2 (2017). 1–11. Debreceni, Péter – Péter Pántya: A fokozottan tűzveszélyes időszakok meghatározásának lehetőségei [Possibilities for Definition of High Fire Danger Periods]. Műszaki Katonai Közlöny, 29, no. 1 (2019). 243–260. Online: https://doi.org/10.32562/mkk.2019.1.20 Decree 39/2011 (XI.15.) of the Minister of the Interior on general rules of fire safety and technical rescue operations of fire brigades. EEA Report No 15/2017: Climate change adaptation and disaster risk reduction in Europe. Enhancing coherence of the knowledge base, policies and practices. Online: https://doi.org/10.2800/938195 EEA Report No 1/2017: Climate change, impacts and vulnerability in Europe 2016. An indicator-based report. Online: https://doi.org/10.2800/534806 FireLife Forest Fire Prevention Project. Online: http://erdotuz.hu/megelozes/ IPCC 2007: Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press. IPCC Report: IPCC jelentés: Éghajlatváltozási Kormányközi Testület Tematikus jelentése a szélsőséges éghajlati események kockázatáról és kezeléséről [Special Report on Managing the Risk of Extreme Events and Disasters to Advance Climate Change Adaptation]. Döntéshozói Összefoglaló. Budapest, Nemzeti Fejlesztési Minisztérium, 2011. Online: https://www.met.hu/doc/IPCC_jelentes/ipcc_jelentes_2011.pdf Lawson, B. D. – O. B. Armitage: Weather Guide for the Canadian Forest Fire Danger Rating System. Edmonton, Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Northern Forestry Centre, 2008. Online: http://cfs.nrcan.gc.ca/pubwarehouse/pdfs/29152.pdf Mika, János: A globális felmelegedés regionális sajátosságai a Kárpát-medencében [Regional Features of Global Warming in the Carpathian Basin]. Időjárás, 92, nos. 2–3 (1988). 178–189. Recommendation No 6/2016 (VI.14.) of the Fire Tactics Regulations and Technical Rescue Regulations. Regulation (EC) No 2152/2003 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 17 November 2003 concerning monitoring of forests and environmental interactions in the Community (Forest Focus). Online: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/HU/ALL/?uri=CELEX:32003R2152 Restás, Ágoston: Common Analysis of the Costs and Effectiveness of Extinguishing Materials and Aerial Firefighting. In Domingos X. Viegas – Luís M. Ribeiro (eds.): Advances in Forest Fire Research. Coimbra, Universidade de Coimbra, 2014. 1799–1813. Online: https://doi.org/10.14195/978-989-26-0884-6_199 Szalai, Sándor – Péter Vigh: Új térképek és adatok a klímaváltozás trendjéről [New Maps and Data on the Trend of Climate Change]. Előadás, Klímaváltozás és az erdők [Lecture, Climate Change and Forests]. Budapest, Erdészeti Fórum, 2005. Szászi, Ivett: Globális kockázatok 2019 [Global Risks in 2019]. Online: https://biztonsagpolitika.hu/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/GEFcikk.pdf Teknős, László: Current Issues in Disaster Management Aspects of Global Climate Change. In László Földi – Hajnalka Hegedűs: Effects of Global Climate Change and Improvement of Adaptation Especially in the Public Service Area. Budapest, Dialóg Campus, 2019. 145–162. Van Wagner, Christian: Structure of the Canadian Forest Fire Weather Index. Ottava, Department of the Environment, Canadian Forestry, 1974. Online: https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/document?repid=rep1&type=pdf&doi=6eb255d878bc0cead1cac0b96304ed8980349042 World Economic Forum: The Global Risks Report 2020. Online: https://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_Global_Risk_Report_2020.pdf Wotton, Mike: A Grass Moisture Model for the Canadian Forest Fire Danger Rating System. 8th Fire and Forest Meteorology Symposium, 2009. Online: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/253644923_A_grass_moisture_model_for_the_Canadian_Forest_Fire_Danger_Rating_System" ["copyrightYear"]=> int(2023) ["issueId"]=> int(494) ["licenseUrl"]=> string(49) "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0" ["pages"]=> string(5) "21-48" ["pub-id::doi"]=> string(23) "10.32565/aarms.2022.3.2" ["abstract"]=> array(1) { ["en_US"]=> string(1869) "

Wildfires are one of the most common natural disasters in the world, which cause millions of hectares of damage each year. This fact poses a major challenge to the defence sector. Environmental safety problems caused by wildfires affect not only the ecosystem but also all aspects of society. Research on the effects of climate change predicts a more uneven rainfall distribution and rising daily average temperatures in summer and autumn in the Carpathian Basin. The effects of climate change will be indirectly detectable, such as the extension of fire risk periods, the increase in the number of wildfires and their spatial and temporal distribution, and the increase in fire intensity. Changes due to climate change will pose an even greater challenge in the future to the Hungarian authorities, which are responsible for preventing and extinguishing wildfires. One of the purposes of the paper is to define indicators that can be used to compare the number and extent of wildfires each year with the degree of the daily fire risk and the length of periods during which the wildfires occurred. For this, it is necessary to define the concept of the high fire risk days and the endangered areas and parts of the country in the Hungarian climatic conditions. Based on previous statistical studies, the authors will examine the spring and summer fire seasons separately because of the different fuel conditions and the causes of fire ignition. They examine statistical data on wildfires and apply GIS application. Another aim of the research is to find a correlation between the daily fire risk values, the number of wildfires and the burned area. A fire risk-based investigation of the wildfires that have occurred in the last decade can later help in official preparation, annual planning and preparation of forces involved in the prevention and firefighting.

" } ["copyrightHolder"]=> array(1) { ["en_US"]=> string(34) "Bodnár László, Debreceni Péter" } ["title"]=> array(1) { ["en_US"]=> string(59) "Complex Analysis of Wildfires in Hungary in the Last Decade" } ["locale"]=> string(5) "en_US" ["authors"]=> array(2) { [0]=> object(Author)#741 (6) { ["_data"]=> array(15) { ["id"]=> int(7426) ["email"]=> string(24) "bodnar.laszlo@uni-nke.hu" ["includeInBrowse"]=> bool(true) ["publicationId"]=> int(6059) ["seq"]=> int(2) ["userGroupId"]=> int(82) ["country"]=> string(2) "HU" ["orcid"]=> string(37) "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9196-8030" ["url"]=> string(0) "" ["affiliation"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(37) "National University of Public Service" ["hu_HU"]=> string(31) "Nemzeti Közszolgálati Egyetem" } ["biography"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(18) "

PhD student

" ["hu_HU"]=> string(19) "

doktorandusz

" } ["familyName"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(7) "Bodnár" ["hu_HU"]=> string(7) "Bodnár" } ["givenName"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(8) "László" ["hu_HU"]=> string(8) "László" } ["preferredPublicName"]=> array(1) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" } ["submissionLocale"]=> string(5) "en_US" } ["_hasLoadableAdapters"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataExtractionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_extractionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataInjectionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_injectionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) } [1]=> object(Author)#718 (6) { ["_data"]=> array(15) { ["id"]=> int(7427) ["email"]=> string(23) "debrecenip@nebih.gov.hu" ["includeInBrowse"]=> bool(true) ["publicationId"]=> int(6059) ["seq"]=> int(2) ["userGroupId"]=> int(82) ["country"]=> string(2) "HU" ["orcid"]=> string(37) "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1886-9076" ["url"]=> string(0) "" ["affiliation"]=> array(1) { ["en_US"]=> string(33) "National Food Chain Safety Office" } ["biography"]=> array(1) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" } ["familyName"]=> array(1) { ["en_US"]=> string(9) "Debreceni" } ["givenName"]=> array(1) { ["en_US"]=> string(6) "Péter" } ["preferredPublicName"]=> array(1) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" } ["submissionLocale"]=> string(5) "en_US" } ["_hasLoadableAdapters"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataExtractionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_extractionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataInjectionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_injectionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) } } ["keywords"]=> array(1) { ["en_US"]=> array(6) { [0]=> string(8) "wildfire" [1]=> string(9) "statistic" [2]=> string(24) "fire weather index (FWI)" [3]=> string(40) "trends and changes of forest fire danger" [4]=> string(9) "fire risk" [5]=> string(6) "raster" } } ["subjects"]=> array(0) { } ["disciplines"]=> array(0) { } ["languages"]=> array(0) { } ["supportingAgencies"]=> array(0) { } ["galleys"]=> array(1) { [0]=> object(ArticleGalley)#761 (7) { ["_submissionFile"]=> NULL ["_data"]=> array(9) { ["submissionFileId"]=> int(26680) ["id"]=> int(5224) ["isApproved"]=> bool(false) ["locale"]=> string(5) "en_US" ["label"]=> string(3) "PDF" ["publicationId"]=> int(6059) ["seq"]=> int(0) ["urlPath"]=> string(0) "" ["urlRemote"]=> string(0) "" } ["_hasLoadableAdapters"]=> bool(true) ["_metadataExtractionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_extractionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataInjectionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_injectionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) } } } ["_hasLoadableAdapters"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataExtractionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_extractionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataInjectionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_injectionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) }

object(Publication)#187 (6) { ["_data"]=> array(29) { ["id"]=> int(6473) ["accessStatus"]=> int(0) ["datePublished"]=> string(10) "2023-02-02" ["lastModified"]=> string(19) "2023-02-02 14:38:47" ["primaryContactId"]=> int(7983) ["sectionId"]=> int(5) ["seq"]=> int(3) ["submissionId"]=> int(6349) ["status"]=> int(3) ["version"]=> int(1) ["categoryIds"]=> array(0) { } ["citationsRaw"]=> string(7313) "Act XCIII of 1993 on labour protection. Aneja, O. P.: Warming-up, Cooling Down – Meaning and Significance. European Journal of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, 7, no. 8 (2020). 5263–5265. Bodnár, László: Az erdőtüzek oltásának hatékonyságát növelő módszerek kutatása és fejlesztése [Research and Development of Methods that Increase the Efficiency of Extinguishing Forest Fires]. PhD thesis. Budapest, University of Public Service, Doctoral School of Military Engineering, December 2021. Boorady, Lynn M.: Bunker Gear for Fire Fighters: Does It Fit Today’s Fire Fighters? Journal of Textile and Apparel, Technology and Management, 9, no. 3 (2015). 1–15. Broyles, George: Wildland Firefighter Smoke Exposure. United States Department of Agriculture, October 2013. Campbell, Richard: Firefighter Injuries on the Fireground. National Fire Protection Association, September 2021. Online: https://www.nfpa.org/-/media/Files/News-and-Research/Fire-statistics-and-reports/Emergency-responders/ospatterns.pdf Czikora, László – Lajos Major – Miklós Diriczi – Gábor Dobos: Műszaki ismeretek I. A tűzoltó szakképzésben résztvevők számára. Budapest, BM Katasztrófavédelmi Oktatási Központ, 2003. Darvay, Sarolta – Katalin Hill – Gábor Áron Vitályos: Összeállítás a funkcionális anatómia tantárgyhoz csecsemő- és kisgyermeknevelő, óvópedagógus és tanító szakos hallgatók részére [Compilation for the Functional Anatomy Subject for Students Majoring in Infant and Toddler Education, Kindergarten Teachers and Teachers]. Budapest, ELTE Tanító- és Óvóképző Kar, Természettudományi Tanszék, 2017. Hasenmeier, Paul: The History of Firefighter Personal Protective Equipment. Fire Engineering, 16 June 2008. Online: https://www.fireengineering.com/fire-prevention-protection/the-history-of-firefighter-personal-protective-equipment/#gref Haynes, Hylton J. G. – Joseph L. Molis: U.S. Firefighter Injuries. National Fire Protection Association, November 2016. 27–28. History: Who Built the First Automobile? History, 11 December 2012. Online: https://www.history.com/news/who-built-the-first-automobile Huszka, Zsolt – Sándor Rácz – László Bodnár: Tűzoltói beavatkozások veszélyforrásai és munkabiztonsága [Hazards and Occupational Safety of Firefighting Interventions]. Védelem Tudomány, 7, no. 2 (2022). 26–39. International Association of Fire and Rescue Services, Word Fire Statistics. Online: https://ctif.org/world-fire-statistics József, István: Életkori sajátosságok és fejlődési szakaszok [Age Characteristics and Developmental Stages]. Lecture notes, s. a. Online: http://janus.ttk.pte.hu/tamop/kaposvari_anyag/jozsef_istvan/letkori_sajtossgok_s_fejldsi_szakaszok.html Kanyó, Ferenc: A tűzoltók fizikai alkalmasságának felmérése az új évezredben. Laboratóriumi és pályavizsgáló teljesítménydiagnosztikai eljárások alkalmazási lehetőségei a tűzoltók teljesítménymérésében [Assessing the Physical Fitness of Firefighters in the New Millennium. Application Possibilities of Laboratory and Field Testing Performance Diagnostic Procedures in Measuring the Performance of Firefighters]. Doctoral thesis. Budapest, Zrínyi Miklós Nemzetvédelmi Egyetem, 2008. 4–24. Kanyó, Ferenc – Ildikó Vásárhelyi-Nagy: A beavatkozó tűzoltói állomány kompetencia alapú fizikai állapotfelmérése [Competence-based Physical Test for Firefighters]. Védelem Tudomány, 6, no. 1 (2021). 204–217. Katasztrófavédelem: Huszonkilenc éve mutatja be a múlt emlékeit a mosonmagyaróvári tűzoltó kiállítás [For Twenty-Nine Years, the Mosonmagyaróvár Firefighting Exhibition Has Presented Memories of the Past]. Katasztrófavédelem, 30 April 2020. Online: https://gyor.katasztrofavedelem.hu/35227/huszonkilenc-eve-mutatja-be-a-mult-emlekeit-a-mosonmagyarovari-tuzolto-kiallitas Katasztrófavédelem: Szakmai képzések (2021. január 1-tőlindított) [Professional Training Courses (launched from 1 January 2021)]. Online: https://kok.katasztrofavedelem.hu/35927/szakmai-kepzesek-2021-januar-1-tol-inditott Pántya, Péter: A Katasztrófavédelem beavatkozó hatékonyságának fejlesztése a tűzoltósági területen [Developing the Efficiency of the Intervention Part of the Disaster Management in the Field of Fire Service]. Hadmérnök, 13, “KÖFOP” issue (2018). 109–144. Pántya, Péter: Fire, Rescue, Disaster Management. Experiences from Different Countries. AARMS, 17, no. 2 (2018). 77–94. Online: https://doi.org/10.32565/aarms.2018.2.6 Park, Huiju – Juyeon Park – Shu-Hwa Lin – Lynn M. Boorady: Assessment of Firefighters’ Needs for Personal Protective Equipment. Fashion and Textiles, 1, no. 8 (2014). Online: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40691-014-0008-3 National Center for PTSD: Understanding PTSD and PTSD Treatment. May 2019. Online: https://www.ptsd.va.gov/publications/print/understandingptsd_booklet.pdf Regulation 15/2010 (V.12.) on the applicability of fire protection techniques related to firefighting and technical rescue activities. Regularization based on the ÖM decree: “Authorization of the unrestricted use of fire protection technology for the professional disaster prevention organization and the municipal fire department.” Regulation 16/2018 on the periodic inspection and review of firefighting ladders, personal protective equipment, equipment and firefighting ropes for preventing falls from a height or the impact of a fall of the ND GDM. Regulation 34/2021 on the provision of personal protective equipment to the personnel of the ND GDM, Appendix. Restás, Ágoston: Pszichológia a tűz frontvonalában [Psychology on the Frontline of Fire]. Védelem Tudomány, 1, no. 3 (2016). 46–56. Salty Dog: Wearing Their Fire Helmets Backwards. Gettin Salty Apparel, 09 January 2015. Online: https://gettinsaltyapparel.com/blog/wearing-their-fire-helmets-backwards/ Seiz: Fire-Fighter Premium. Online: www.seiz.de/shop/einsatzhandschuhe/brandeinsatz/19/fire-fighter-premium Szabó, Gyula: Krónikus váz-izomrendszeri megbetegedések a munkában [Chronic Musculoskeletal Diseases at Work]. Magyar Ergonómiai Társaság, 01 April 2021. Online: https://met.ergonomiavilaga.hu/wp/2021/04/01/kronikus-vaz-izomrendszeri-megbetegedesek-a-munkaban/ Szászvári, Karina Ágnes: Fejlődés egy életen át. Az idősödő munkavállalók sajátosságai és lehetőségei [Lifelong Development. Characteristics and Choices of the Aging Employees]. Budapest, Budapesti Gazdaságtudományi Egyetem, 2017. Online: http://publikaciotar.repozitorium.uni-bge.hu/1165/1/01_Szaszvari_Karina_Agnes.pdf Szilágyi, János – Károly Szabó: A tűzrendészet fejlődése az őskortól a modern időkig. Budapest, BM Könyvkiadó, 1986. Vásárhelyi-Nagy, Ildikó: A beavatkozó állomány kondicionális képességei fejlesztésének új irányai, különös tekintettel a proprioceptív módszerek alkalmazására [New Ways to Improve the Fitness Ability of the Intervening Personnel, Most Importantly with the Use of Proprioceptive Methods]. Hadmérnök, 13, no. 4 (2018). 408–422. Veterans Law: Human Body Organ Systems and Their Function. Veterans Law, 15 October 2021. Online: https://cck-law.com/blog/human-body-organ-systems-and-their-function/" ["copyrightYear"]=> int(2023) ["issueId"]=> int(494) ["licenseUrl"]=> string(49) "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0" ["pages"]=> string(5) "49-70" ["pub-id::doi"]=> string(23) "10.32565/aarms.2022.3.3" ["abstract"]=> array(1) { ["en_US"]=> string(1454) "

The publication focuses on the safety of the damaged environment that arises during firefighting interventions, the protection and ergonomic factors of personal protective equipment currently used in Hungary and internationally, and on increasing and improving the level of protection and other issues related to firefighting interventions. Personal protective equipment must provide the highest level of protection against unforeseen threats in different directions, taking into account proportionality. The basic idea of the publication is to analyse and evaluate the typical sources of danger in the firefighters’ work environment in the domestic and international environment, to examine the personal protective equipment in use from several aspects, and to examine the applicability of the currently used personal protective equipment for firefighters. The publication covers the load-bearing capacity of the human body, taking into account age, the concept and interpretation of ergonomics, and the implementation of personal protective equipment in practice. In addition, the author mentions the firefighting accidents of the last 10 years in Hungary and the role of personal protective equipment in them. There is also talk of processing firefighting accidents abroad. Examining the practice of the National Directorate General for Disaster Management settings, maintenance and training will also be one of the topics of the publication.

" } ["copyrightHolder"]=> array(1) { ["en_US"]=> string(14) "Horváth Lilla" } ["source"]=> array(1) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" } ["title"]=> array(1) { ["en_US"]=> string(110) "Examination of the Application of Currently Used, New or Additional Firefighting Personal Protective Equipment" } ["locale"]=> string(5) "en_US" ["authors"]=> array(1) { [0]=> object(Author)#765 (6) { ["_data"]=> array(15) { ["id"]=> int(7983) ["email"]=> string(27) "lilla.horvath@katved.gov.hu" ["includeInBrowse"]=> bool(true) ["publicationId"]=> int(6473) ["seq"]=> int(3) ["userGroupId"]=> int(82) ["country"]=> string(2) "HU" ["orcid"]=> string(37) "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6198-7345" ["url"]=> string(0) "" ["affiliation"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" ["hu_HU"]=> string(0) "" } ["biography"]=> array(1) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" } ["familyName"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(8) "Horváth" ["hu_HU"]=> string(8) "Horváth" } ["givenName"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(5) "Lilla" ["hu_HU"]=> string(5) "Lilla" } ["preferredPublicName"]=> array(1) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" } ["submissionLocale"]=> string(5) "en_US" } ["_hasLoadableAdapters"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataExtractionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_extractionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataInjectionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_injectionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) } } ["keywords"]=> array(1) { ["en_US"]=> array(5) { [0]=> string(11) "firefighter" [1]=> string(29) "personal protective equipment" [2]=> string(10) "ergonomics" [3]=> string(8) "accident" [4]=> string(14) "the human body" } } ["subjects"]=> array(0) { } ["disciplines"]=> array(0) { } ["languages"]=> array(0) { } ["supportingAgencies"]=> array(0) { } ["galleys"]=> array(1) { [0]=> object(ArticleGalley)#767 (7) { ["_submissionFile"]=> NULL ["_data"]=> array(9) { ["submissionFileId"]=> int(26681) ["id"]=> int(5225) ["isApproved"]=> bool(false) ["locale"]=> string(5) "en_US" ["label"]=> string(3) "PDF" ["publicationId"]=> int(6473) ["seq"]=> int(0) ["urlPath"]=> string(0) "" ["urlRemote"]=> string(0) "" } ["_hasLoadableAdapters"]=> bool(true) ["_metadataExtractionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_extractionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataInjectionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_injectionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) } } } ["_hasLoadableAdapters"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataExtractionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_extractionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataInjectionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_injectionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) }

object(Publication)#189 (6) { ["_data"]=> array(29) { ["id"]=> int(6308) ["accessStatus"]=> int(0) ["datePublished"]=> string(10) "2023-02-02" ["lastModified"]=> string(19) "2023-02-02 14:38:48" ["primaryContactId"]=> int(7769) ["sectionId"]=> int(5) ["seq"]=> int(4) ["submissionId"]=> int(6184) ["status"]=> int(3) ["version"]=> int(1) ["categoryIds"]=> array(0) { } ["citationsRaw"]=> string(4694) "Abdenur, Adriana Erthal – Giovanna Kuele – Ariane Francisco: Enhancing Peacekeeping Training through Cooperation Lessons from Latin America. Brasilia, Igarapé Institute, 2018. Al-Jazeera: Uruguay Apologises over Alleged Rape in Haiti. Al-Jazeera, 07 September 2011. Online: https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2011/9/7/uruguay-apologises-over-alleged-rape-in-haiti Avezov, Xenia: The New Geopolitics of Peace Operations: A Dialogue with Emerging Powers: South America Regional Dialogue. Journal of International Peacekeeping, 17 (2013). 162–170. Online: https://doi.org/10.1163/18754112-1702006 Bellamy, Alex J. – Paul D. Williams: Broadening the Base of United Nations Troop- and Police-Contributing Countries. New York, International Peace Institute, 2012. Bryson, Joanna J. – Mihailis E. Diamantis – Thomas D. Grant: Of, For, and By the People: The Legal Lacuna of Synthetic Persons. Artificial Intelligence and Law, 25 (2017). 273–291. Online: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10506-017-9214-9 Cachanosky, Nicolás – Alexandre Padilla: Latin American Populism in the Twenty-First Century. The Independent Review, 24, no. 2 (2019). 209–226. Coleman, Katharina P. – Benjamin Nyblade: Peacekeeping for Profit? The Scope and Limits of ‘Mercenary’ UN Peacekeeping. Journal of Peace Research, 55, no. 6 (2018). 726–741. Online: https://doi.org/10.1177/0022343318775784 El Páis: Gobierno anunció el retiro de Uruguay de la Unasur y el reingreso al TIAR [Government Announces Uruguay’s Withdrawal from Unasur and Re-entry into TIAR]. El Páis, 10 March 2020. Online: https://www.elpais.com.uy/informacion/politica/gobierno-anuncio-retiro-uruguay-unasur-reingreso-tiar.html# Esparza, Diego – Santiago Arca Henon – Hope Dewell Gentry: Peacekeeping and Civil–Military Relations in Uruguay. Defence and Security Analysis, 36, no. 3 (2020). 314–334. Online: https://doi.org/10.1080/14751798.2020.1790809 Guyer, Julián González: Punching above Its Weight. Uruguay and UN Peace Operations. In Kai Michael Kenkel (ed.): South America and Peace Operations. Coming of Age. London, Routledge, 2013. 111–131. Online: https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203071502 Guyer, Julian Gonzalez – Nicole Jenne: Controlling Blue Berets: The Consequences of Political Neglect in the Case of Uruguay’s Participation in Peacekeeping. Armed Forces and Society, 20 (2019). 1–22. Online: https://doi.org/10.1177/0095327X19877211 Human Rights Watch: Latin America: Alarming Reversal of Basic Freedoms. 2022. Online: https://www.hrw.org/news/2022/01/13/latin-america-alarming-reversal-basic-freedoms Kenkel, Kai Michael: Stepping out of the Shadow: South America and Peace Operations. International Peacekeeping, 17, no. 5 (2010). 584–497. Online: https://doi.org/10.1080/13533312.2010.516928 Kernic, Franz – Lisa Karlborg: Dynamics of Globalization and Regional Integration: South America and Peace Operations. International Peacekeeping, 17, no. 5 (2010). 723–736. Online: https://doi.org/10.1080/13533312.2010.516982 Michael, Kobi – Eyal Ben-Ari: Contemporary Peace Support Operations: The Primacy of the Military and Internal Contradictions. Armed Forces and Society, 37, no. 4 (2011). 657-679. Online: https://doi.org/10.1177/0095327X10390467 PeaceWomen: Haiti: U.N. “Outraged” at Sexual Abuse by Peacekeepers. IPS, 23 January 2012. Online: https://www.peacewomen.org/content/haiti-un-outraged-sexual-abuse-peacekeepers Peláez, Amílcar Andrés: Country Survey XX: Defence Spending and Peacekeeping in Uruguay. Defence and Peace Economics, 18, no. 3 (2007). 281–302. Online: https://doi.org/10.1080/10242690600924679 Phillips, Tom: Bolsonaro Should Be Charged with Crimes against Humanity, Covid Inquiry Finds. The Guardian, 20 October 2021. Online: https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/oct/20/jair-bolsonaro-crimes-against-humanity-inquiry Ramalho, Antonio Jorge: Predictable Evolutions, Normative Engagements, and their Implications for South American Countries’ Engagement in Peacekeeping and Peacebuilding Operations. In Eduarda P. Hamann – Robert Muggah (eds.): Implementing the Responsibility to Protect: New Directions for International Peace and Security? Brasilia, Igarapé Institute, 2013. 77–84. Trinkunas, Harold A.: Crafting Civilian Control of the Military in Venezuela. A Comparative Perspective. Chapel Hill, University of North Carolina Press, 2011. Online: https://doi.org/10.5149/9780807877036_trinkunas United Nations: Charter of the United Nations. San Francisco, 26 June 1945. White, Hannah: Indigenous Peoples, the International Trend Toward Legal Personhood for Nature and the United States. American Indian Law Review, 43, no. 1 (2018). 129–165." ["copyrightYear"]=> int(2023) ["issueId"]=> int(494) ["licenseUrl"]=> string(49) "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0" ["pages"]=> string(5) "71-83" ["pub-id::doi"]=> string(23) "10.32565/aarms.2022.3.4" ["abstract"]=> array(1) { ["en_US"]=> string(1203) "

Latin American States have been ardent defenders of international peace and security for several decades. Preeminent among them is the state of Uruguay, which has contributed a substantial amount of military and police personnel to United Nations peace operations to a degree that cannot be explained by its territory, economic potential, military might or political power. The country was lauded for its efforts in the international community by subsequent secretaries-general of the United Nations. Illustrated by the fact that the small country has provided several force commanders and thousands of personnel, Uruguay is a virtual giant when it comes to contributions to peace operations. The study aims at finding answers to three fundamental questions. Firstly, what kind of tendencies can be observed regarding the contribution of Latin American States and how Uruguay’s actions can be compared to other states in the region. Secondly, what are the causes for such a robust presence. Last but not least, could large-scale contributions also have adverse effects in the form of misconduct and crimes committed by peacekeepers and if that is the case, how can such occurrences be remedied.

" } ["copyrightHolder"]=> array(1) { ["en_US"]=> string(13) "Hárs András" } ["source"]=> array(1) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" } ["title"]=> array(1) { ["en_US"]=> string(88) "Causes and Effects of Uruguay’s Contribution to the United Nations’ Peace Operations" } ["locale"]=> string(5) "en_US" ["authors"]=> array(1) { [0]=> object(Author)#762 (6) { ["_data"]=> array(10) { ["id"]=> int(7769) ["email"]=> string(22) "hars.andras@uni-nke.hu" ["includeInBrowse"]=> bool(true) ["publicationId"]=> int(6308) ["seq"]=> int(4) ["userGroupId"]=> int(82) ["affiliation"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" ["hu_HU"]=> string(0) "" } ["familyName"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(5) "Hárs" ["hu_HU"]=> string(5) "Hárs" } ["givenName"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(7) "András" ["hu_HU"]=> string(7) "András" } ["submissionLocale"]=> string(5) "en_US" } ["_hasLoadableAdapters"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataExtractionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_extractionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataInjectionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_injectionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) } } ["keywords"]=> array(1) { ["en_US"]=> array(5) { [0]=> string(7) "Uruguay" [1]=> string(14) "United Nations" [2]=> string(16) "peace operations" [3]=> string(13) "Latin America" [4]=> string(12) "contribution" } } ["subjects"]=> array(0) { } ["disciplines"]=> array(0) { } ["languages"]=> array(0) { } ["supportingAgencies"]=> array(0) { } ["galleys"]=> array(1) { [0]=> object(ArticleGalley)#746 (7) { ["_submissionFile"]=> NULL ["_data"]=> array(9) { ["submissionFileId"]=> int(26682) ["id"]=> int(5226) ["isApproved"]=> bool(false) ["locale"]=> string(5) "en_US" ["label"]=> string(3) "PDF" ["publicationId"]=> int(6308) ["seq"]=> int(0) ["urlPath"]=> string(0) "" ["urlRemote"]=> string(0) "" } ["_hasLoadableAdapters"]=> bool(true) ["_metadataExtractionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_extractionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataInjectionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_injectionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) } } } ["_hasLoadableAdapters"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataExtractionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_extractionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataInjectionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_injectionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) }

object(Publication)#118 (6) { ["_data"]=> array(28) { ["id"]=> int(6536) ["accessStatus"]=> int(0) ["datePublished"]=> string(10) "2023-02-02" ["lastModified"]=> string(19) "2023-02-02 14:38:47" ["primaryContactId"]=> int(8054) ["sectionId"]=> int(5) ["seq"]=> int(5) ["submissionId"]=> int(6412) ["status"]=> int(3) ["version"]=> int(1) ["categoryIds"]=> array(0) { } ["citationsRaw"]=> string(3926) "Földi, László – Rajmund Kuti: Characteristics of Forest Fires and their Impact on the Environment. AARMS, 15, no. 1 (2016). 5–17. Online: https://doi.org/10.32565/aarms.2016.1.1 Frangieh, Nicolas – Dominique Morvan – Sofiane Meradji – Gilbert Accary – Oleg Bessonov: Numerical Simulation of Grassland Fires Behavior Using an Implicit Physical Multiphase Model. Fire Safety Journal, 102 (2018). 37–47. Online: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.firesaf.2018.06.004 Hoffman, Chad M. – John Canfield – Rodman R. Linn – William Mell – Carolyn H. Sieg – Francois Pimont – Johannes Ziegler: Evaluating Crown Fire Rate of Spread Predictions from Physics-Based Models. Fire Technology, 52 (2016). 221–237. Online: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10694-015-0500-3 Hoffman, Chad – Penelope Morgan – William Mell – Russell Parsons – Eva K. Strand – Stephen Cook: Numerical Simulation of Crown Fire Hazard Immediately after Bark Beetle-Caused Mortality in Lodgepole Pine Forests. Forest Science, 58, no. 2 (2012). 178–188. Online: https://doi.org/10.5849/forsci.10-137 Hoffman, Chad M. – Penelope Morgan – William Mell – Russell Parsons – Eva Strand – Steve Cook: Surface Fire Intensity Influences Simulated Crown Fire Behavior in Lodgepole Pine Forests with Recent Mountain Pine Beetle-Caused Tree Mortality. Forest Science, 59, no. 4 (2013). 390–399. Online: https://doi.org/10.5849/forsci.11-114 Hoffman, Chad M. – Carolyn H. Sieg – Rodman R. Linn – William Mell – Russell A. Parsons – Justin P. Ziegler – J. Kevin Hiers: Advancing the Science of Wildland Fire Dynamics Using Process-Based Models. Fire, 1, no. 2 (2018). Online: https://doi.org/10.3390/fire1020032 Linn, Rodman – Jon Reisner – Jonah J. Colman – Judith Winterkamp: Studying Wildfire Behavior Using FIRETEC. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 11, no. 4 (2002). 233–246. Online: https://doi.org/10.1071/WF02007 Mell, William – Mary A. Jenkins – Jim Gould – Phil Cheney: A Physics-Based Approach to Modelling Grassland Fires. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 16, no. 1 (2007). 1–22. Online: https://doi.org/10.1071/WF06002 Mell, William – Alexander Maranghides – Randall McDermott – Samuel L. Manzello: Numerical Simulation and Experiments of Burning Douglas Fir Trees. Combustion and Flame, 156, no. 10 (2009). 2023–2041. Online: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.combustflame.2009.06.015 McGrattan, Kevin – Simo Hostikka – Jason Floyd – Randall McDermott – M. Vanella: Fire Dynamics Simulator User’s Guide. NIST Special Publication 1019, 2022. Morvan, Dominique – Jean-Luc Dupuy: Modeling the Propagation of a Wildfire through a Mediterranean Shrub Using a Multiphase Formulation. Combustion and Flame, 138, no. 3 (2004). 199–210. Online: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.combustflame.2004.05.001 Padányi, József – László Földi: Security Research in the Field of Climate Change. In László Nádai – József Padányi (eds.): Critical Infrastructure Protection Research. Results of the First Critical Infrastructure Protection Research Project in Hungary. Zürich, Springer International Publishing, 2016. 79–90. Online: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-28091-2_7 Restás, Ágoston: Az erdőtüzek légi felderítésének és oltásának kutatás-fejlesztése [Research and Development of the Aerial Reconnaissance and Extinguishing of Forest Fires]. PhD thesis. Budapest, Zrínyi Miklós National Defence University, Bolyai János Faculty of Military Engineering, Doctoral School of Military Technology, 2008. Online: https://tudasportal.uni-nke.hu/xmlui/bitstream/handle/20.500.12944/12101/Teljes%20sz%C3%B6veg!.pdf?sequence=1 Sullivan, Andrew L.: Convective Froude Number and Byram’s Energy Criterion of Australian Experimental Grassland Fires. Proceedings of the Combustion Institute, 31, no. 2 (2007). 2557–2564. Online: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proci.2006.07.053" ["copyrightYear"]=> int(2023) ["issueId"]=> int(494) ["licenseUrl"]=> string(49) "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0" ["pages"]=> string(6) "85-100" ["pub-id::doi"]=> string(23) "10.32565/aarms.2022.3.5" ["abstract"]=> array(1) { ["en_US"]=> string(705) "

Nowadays, the number of forest and vegetation fires is gradually increasing, which are destroying ever larger areas of the Earth. In order to increase the efficiency of activities aimed at prevention and elimination of the consequences of fires, a scientifically based investigation of vegetation fires is essential. Our goal is to examine vegetation fires in simulation environment. During our research work, a simulation model was created with WFDS program, and the spread and effects of fire in a given area were examined. The analysis of the simulation results can help in understanding the propagation properties of vegetation fires, as well as form a good starting point for further research.

" } ["copyrightHolder"]=> array(1) { ["en_US"]=> string(57) "Hajdu Flóra, Környei László, Beke Dóra, Kuti Rajmund" } ["title"]=> array(1) { ["en_US"]=> string(106) "Examination of Vegetation Fire Spread with Numerical Modelling and Simulation Using Fire Dynamic Simulator" } ["locale"]=> string(5) "en_US" ["authors"]=> array(4) { [0]=> object(Author)#774 (6) { ["_data"]=> array(15) { ["id"]=> int(8056) ["email"]=> string(13) "hajdfl@sze.hu" ["includeInBrowse"]=> bool(true) ["publicationId"]=> int(6536) ["seq"]=> int(5) ["userGroupId"]=> int(82) ["country"]=> string(2) "HU" ["orcid"]=> string(37) "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7252-0879" ["url"]=> string(0) "" ["affiliation"]=> array(1) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" } ["biography"]=> array(1) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" } ["familyName"]=> array(1) { ["en_US"]=> string(5) "Hajdu" } ["givenName"]=> array(1) { ["en_US"]=> string(6) "Flóra" } ["preferredPublicName"]=> array(1) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" } ["submissionLocale"]=> string(5) "en_US" } ["_hasLoadableAdapters"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataExtractionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_extractionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataInjectionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_injectionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) } [1]=> object(Author)#740 (6) { ["_data"]=> array(15) { ["id"]=> int(8055) ["email"]=> string(26) "laszlo.kornyei@math.sze.hu" ["includeInBrowse"]=> bool(true) ["publicationId"]=> int(6536) ["seq"]=> int(5) ["userGroupId"]=> int(82) ["country"]=> string(2) "HU" ["orcid"]=> string(37) "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0782-2985" ["url"]=> string(0) "" ["affiliation"]=> array(1) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" } ["biography"]=> array(1) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" } ["familyName"]=> array(1) { ["en_US"]=> string(8) "Környei" } ["givenName"]=> array(1) { ["en_US"]=> string(8) "László" } ["preferredPublicName"]=> array(1) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" } ["submissionLocale"]=> string(5) "en_US" } ["_hasLoadableAdapters"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataExtractionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_extractionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataInjectionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_injectionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) } [2]=> object(Author)#771 (6) { ["_data"]=> array(15) { ["id"]=> int(8057) ["email"]=> string(16) "beke.dora@sze.hu" ["includeInBrowse"]=> bool(true) ["publicationId"]=> int(6536) ["seq"]=> int(5) ["userGroupId"]=> int(82) ["country"]=> string(2) "HU" ["orcid"]=> string(37) "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5440-6394" ["url"]=> string(0) "" ["affiliation"]=> array(1) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" } ["biography"]=> array(1) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" } ["familyName"]=> array(1) { ["en_US"]=> string(4) "Beke" } ["givenName"]=> array(1) { ["en_US"]=> string(5) "Dóra" } ["preferredPublicName"]=> array(1) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" } ["submissionLocale"]=> string(5) "en_US" } ["_hasLoadableAdapters"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataExtractionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_extractionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataInjectionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_injectionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) } [3]=> object(Author)#763 (6) { ["_data"]=> array(15) { ["id"]=> int(8054) ["email"]=> string(19) "kuti.rajmund@sze.hu" ["includeInBrowse"]=> bool(true) ["publicationId"]=> int(6536) ["seq"]=> int(5) ["userGroupId"]=> int(82) ["country"]=> string(2) "HU" ["orcid"]=> string(37) "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7715-0814" ["url"]=> string(0) "" ["affiliation"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" ["hu_HU"]=> string(85) "Széchenyi István Egyetem, Gépészmérnöki, Informatikai és Villamosmérnöki Kar" } ["biography"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" ["hu_HU"]=> string(22) "

egyetemi docens

" } ["familyName"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(4) "Kuti" ["hu_HU"]=> string(8) "Dr. Kuti" } ["givenName"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(7) "Rajmund" ["hu_HU"]=> string(7) "Rajmund" } ["preferredPublicName"]=> array(1) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" } ["submissionLocale"]=> string(5) "en_US" } ["_hasLoadableAdapters"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataExtractionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_extractionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataInjectionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_injectionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) } } ["keywords"]=> array(1) { ["en_US"]=> array(6) { [0]=> string(26) "forest and vegetation fire" [1]=> string(11) "fire spread" [2]=> string(12) "firefighting" [3]=> string(20) "numerical simulation" [4]=> string(15) "fire prevention" [5]=> string(4) "fire" } } ["subjects"]=> array(0) { } ["disciplines"]=> array(0) { } ["languages"]=> array(0) { } ["supportingAgencies"]=> array(0) { } ["galleys"]=> array(1) { [0]=> object(ArticleGalley)#766 (7) { ["_submissionFile"]=> NULL ["_data"]=> array(9) { ["submissionFileId"]=> int(26683) ["id"]=> int(5227) ["isApproved"]=> bool(false) ["locale"]=> string(5) "en_US" ["label"]=> string(3) "PDF" ["publicationId"]=> int(6536) ["seq"]=> int(0) ["urlPath"]=> string(0) "" ["urlRemote"]=> string(0) "" } ["_hasLoadableAdapters"]=> bool(true) ["_metadataExtractionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_extractionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataInjectionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_injectionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) } } } ["_hasLoadableAdapters"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataExtractionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_extractionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataInjectionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_injectionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) }

object(Publication)#743 (6) { ["_data"]=> array(28) { ["id"]=> int(6363) ["accessStatus"]=> int(0) ["datePublished"]=> string(10) "2023-02-02" ["lastModified"]=> string(19) "2023-02-02 14:38:48" ["primaryContactId"]=> int(7840) ["sectionId"]=> int(5) ["seq"]=> int(6) ["submissionId"]=> int(6239) ["status"]=> int(3) ["version"]=> int(1) ["categoryIds"]=> array(0) { } ["citationsRaw"]=> string(7578) "Aizen, Marina: Belisario, el ratón que fue astronauta. Clarin, 16 April 2017. Online: https://www.clarin.com/viva/belisario-raton-astronauta_0_SyXRgWhpe.html ANI: China Space Contractor to Install New Satellite Ground Station in Southern Argentina: Report. ANI News, 29 May 2021. Online: https://www.aninews.in/news/world/asia/chinese-space-contractor-to-install-new-satellite-ground-station-in-southern-argentina-report20210529070732/ Asia-Pacific Space Cooperation Organization: Member States. Apsco, 20 February 2019. Online: https://www.apsco.int/html/comp1/channel/Member_States/25.shtml Brunswick, Shelli: Op-ed. Order and Progress – Brazil’s Second Act in Space. Spacenews, 17 March 2022. Online: https://spacenews.com/op-ed-order-and-progress-brazils-second-act-in-space/ Campoy, Ana: Why Latin America Needs Its Own Space Agency. Quartz, 20 January 2022. Online: https://qz.com/2114990/why-latin-america-needs-its-own-space-agency/ China National Space Administration: China’s Space Program: A 2021 Perspective. CNSA, 28 January 2022. Online: https://www.cnsa.gov.cn/english/n6465645/n6465648/c6813088/content.html Conese, Ignacio: How China Solidified Its Foothold in Latin America through a Space Centre. TRTWorld, 17 March 2020. Online: https://www.trtworld.com/magazine/how-china-solidified-its-foothold-in-latin-america-through-a-space-centre-34644 Congressional Research Service: China’s Engagement with Latin America and the Caribbean. Sgp, 4 May 2022. Online: https://sgp.fas.org/crs/row/IF10982.pdf COPUOS Legal Subcommittee: Status and applications of the five United Nations treaties on outer space. COPUOS, 28 March 2022. Online: https://www.unoosa.org/res/oosadoc/data/documents/2022/aac_105c_22022crp/aac_105c_22022crp_10_0_html/AAC105_C2_2022_CRP10E.pdf De Aragao, Thiago: The US Still Doesn’t Understand China’s Strategy in Latin America. The Diplomat, 08 September 2021. Online: https://thediplomat.com/2021/09/the-us-still-doesnt-understand-chinas-strategy-in-latin-america/ Delegation of the European Union to Mexico: La Unión Europea apoya a México a enfrentar las inundaciones em el sureste con mapeo. EEAS Europa, 18 November 2020. Online: https://www.eeas.europa.eu/delegations/mexico/la-uni%C3%B3n-europea-apoya-m%C3%A9xico-enfrentar-las-inundaciones-en-el-sureste-con-mapeo_en DW: Alberto Fernández pide a Bolonaro dejar sus „diferencias” e impulsar Mercosur. Deutsche Welle, 31 November 2020. Online: https://www.dw.com/es/alberto-fern%C3%A1ndez-pide-a-bolsonaro-dejar-sus-diferencias-e-impulsar-mercosur/a-55779455 Espinosa, Juan Pablo: A New Kid on the Block: ALCE – Latin America’s Space Agency. GU Space Initiative, 13 January 2021. Online: https://www.guspaceinitiative.org/contentmaster/a-new-kid-on-the-block-alce-latin-americas-space-agency Foust, Jeff: Russia Halts Soyuz Launches from French Guiana. Spacenews, 26 February 2022. Online: https://spacenews.com/russia-halts-soyuz-launches-from-french-guiana/ Froehlich, Annette – Diego A. A. Soria – Ewerton De Marchi: Space Supporting Latin America. Latin America’s Emerging Space Middle Powers. Cham, Springer, 2020. Online: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-38520-0 Gallagher, Kevin P. – Margaret Myers: China-Latin America Finance Database. The Dialogue, 20 May 2022. Online: https://www.thedialogue.org/map_list/ Gocłowska-Bolek, Joanna: Latin American Space Research – Challenges and Opportunities. Transactions of the Institute of Aviation, 4, no. 249 (2017). 24–34. Online: https://doi.org/10.2478/tar-2017-0026 Government of Mexico: México será sede de la Agencia Latinoamerica y Caribeña del Espacio. Gobierno de México, 16 March 2022. Online: https://www.gob.mx/sre/prensa/mexico-sera-sede-de-la-agencia-latinoamericana-y-caribena-del-espacio?state=published Gunter’s Space Page: Orbital Launches of 2022. Space.skyrocket, 26 May 2022a. Online: https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_chr/lau2022.htm Gunter’s Space Page: ÑuSat 1. Space.skyrocket, 26 May 2022b. Online: https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/nusat-1.htm Harvey, Brian – Henk Smid – Théo Pirard: Emerging Space Powers. The New Space Programs of Asia, the Middle East, and South America. Chichester, Praxis Publishing, 2010. Online: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-0874-2 Ionescu, Imanuela: Brazil–Russia Military-Technical Cooperation. Military Review, December 2018. Online: https://www.armyupress.army.mil/Journals/Military-Review/English-Edition-Archives/November-December-2018/Ionescu-Brazil-Russia/ Klinger, Julia Michelle: A Brief History of Outer Space Cooperation Between Latin America and China. Journal of Latin American Geography, 17, no. 2 (2018). 46–83. Online: https://doi.org/10.1353/lag.2018.0022 NASA: Brazil Sings Artemis Accords. NASA, 15 June 2021. Online: www.nasa.gov/feature/brazil-signs-artemis-accords Pons, Juan: China Speeds up the Activation of a Cooperative Satellite Network with Russia, India, Brazil and South Africa. Atalayar, 06 June 2022. Online: https://atalayar.com/en/content/china-speeds-activation-cooperative-satellite-network-russia-india-brazil-and-south-africa Project 2049 Institute: Near and Present Danger: SOUTHCOM Commander ADM Faller on U.S.–China Strategic Competition in the Western Hemisphere. Project2049, 15 June 2021. Online: https://project2049.net/event/near-and-present-danger/ Roy, Diana: China’s Growing Influence in Latin America. Council on Foreign Relations, 12 April 2022. Online: https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/china-influence-latin-america-argentina-brazil-venezuela-security-energy-bri Santana, Christian: El despegue de el Agencia Latinoamaericana del Espacio. Universidad de Navarra, 17 January 2022. Online: https://www.unav.edu/web/global-affairs/el-despegue-de-la-agencia-latinoamericana-del-espacio Sarli, Bruno Victorino – Marco A. C. Zabalaga – Alejandro Lopez Telgie: Review of Space Activities in South America. Journal of Aeronautical History, 8 (2018). 208–232. Online: https://www.aerosociety.com/media/9320/review-of-space-activities-in-south-america.pdf Secretariat of COPUOS: Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space: Membership Evolution. UNOOSA, s. a. Online: https://www.unoosa.org/oosa/en/ourwork/copuos/members/evolution.html Sohr, Olivia: Cinco puntos para entender la estación espacial china en Neuquén. Chequeado, 10 February 2015. Online: https://chequeado.com/el-explicador/cinco-puntos-para-entender-la-estacion-espacial-china-en-neuquen/ Spacefacts: Soyuz 38. Space Facts, 02 September 2021. Online: https://www.spacefacts.de/mission/english/soyuz-38.htm The European Space Agency: Launch site. ESA, 20 May 2021. Online: https://www.esa.int/Applications/Telecommunications_Integrated_Applications/Hylas/Launch_site U.S.–China Economic and Security Review Commission: 2021 Annual Report to Congress: China’s Influence in Latin America and the Caribbean. USCC, 20 May 2021. Online: https://www.uscc.gov/sites/default/files/2021-11/Chapter_1_Section_2—Chinas_Influence_in_Latin_America_and_the_Caribbean.pdf Union of Concerned Scientists: UCS Satellite Database. UCSUSA, 1 January 2022. Online: https://www.ucsusa.org/resources/satellite-database Vidal Valero, Myriam: Latin America’s Moonshot. Slate, 06 May 2021. Online: https://slate.com/technology/2021/05/latin-american-caribbean-space-agency-future.html Zyri: Chinese Space Base in Neuquén: What Uses Did Argentina Give It in the Last Decade. Zyri, 27 March 2022. Online: https://www.zyri.net/2022/03/27/chinese-space-base-in-neuquen-what-uses-did-argentina-give-it-in-the-last-decade/" ["copyrightYear"]=> int(2023) ["issueId"]=> int(494) ["licenseUrl"]=> string(49) "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0" ["pages"]=> string(7) "101-116" ["pub-id::doi"]=> string(23) "10.32565/aarms.2022.3.6" ["abstract"]=> array(1) { ["en_US"]=> string(932) "

A few countries in Latin America, like Mexico, Argentina, Brazil have already achieved notable results in their own space programs even before the current wave of space activities. Smaller countries in the region, due to possible commercial gains, scientific achievements and security concerns also turned their attention towards space. The chance for cooperation with major space actors, like the United States, the European Space Agency (owning a significant base in French Guiana), or the People’s Republic of China is a tempting offer, but not without its own pitfalls. To strengthen their position and their own space programs 18 nations recently founded the Latin American and Caribbean Space Agency (Agencia Latinoamericana y Caribeña del Espacio). In this paper we shall examine the recent developments in the region’s space activity and the influence of major space powers, especially that of China and the U.S.

" } ["copyrightHolder"]=> array(1) { ["en_US"]=> string(10) "Edl Andras" } ["title"]=> array(1) { ["en_US"]=> string(58) "Developing Space Programs and Cooperation in Latin America" } ["locale"]=> string(5) "en_US" ["authors"]=> array(1) { [0]=> object(Author)#777 (6) { ["_data"]=> array(15) { ["id"]=> int(7840) ["email"]=> string(19) "edlandras@gmail.com" ["includeInBrowse"]=> bool(true) ["publicationId"]=> int(6363) ["seq"]=> int(6) ["userGroupId"]=> int(82) ["country"]=> string(2) "HU" ["orcid"]=> string(37) "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4250-7112" ["url"]=> string(0) "" ["affiliation"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(28) "a:1:{s:5:"en_US";s:3:"NKE";}" ["hu_HU"]=> string(28) "a:1:{s:5:"en_US";s:3:"NKE";}" } ["biography"]=> array(1) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" } ["familyName"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(3) "Edl" ["hu_HU"]=> string(3) "Edl" } ["givenName"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(6) "Andras" ["hu_HU"]=> string(6) "Andras" } ["preferredPublicName"]=> array(1) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" } ["submissionLocale"]=> string(5) "en_US" } ["_hasLoadableAdapters"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataExtractionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_extractionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataInjectionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_injectionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) } } ["keywords"]=> array(1) { ["en_US"]=> array(5) { [0]=> string(13) "Latin America" [1]=> string(5) "space" [2]=> string(4) "ALCE" [3]=> string(9) "Argentina" [4]=> string(6) "Brazil" } } ["subjects"]=> array(0) { } ["disciplines"]=> array(0) { } ["languages"]=> array(0) { } ["supportingAgencies"]=> array(0) { } ["galleys"]=> array(1) { [0]=> object(ArticleGalley)#772 (7) { ["_submissionFile"]=> NULL ["_data"]=> array(9) { ["submissionFileId"]=> int(26684) ["id"]=> int(5228) ["isApproved"]=> bool(false) ["locale"]=> string(5) "en_US" ["label"]=> string(3) "PDF" ["publicationId"]=> int(6363) ["seq"]=> int(0) ["urlPath"]=> string(0) "" ["urlRemote"]=> string(0) "" } ["_hasLoadableAdapters"]=> bool(true) ["_metadataExtractionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_extractionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataInjectionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_injectionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) } } } ["_hasLoadableAdapters"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataExtractionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_extractionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataInjectionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_injectionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) }

object(Publication)#780 (6) { ["_data"]=> array(29) { ["id"]=> int(6361) ["accessStatus"]=> int(0) ["datePublished"]=> string(10) "2023-02-02" ["lastModified"]=> string(19) "2023-02-02 14:38:48" ["primaryContactId"]=> int(7836) ["sectionId"]=> int(5) ["seq"]=> int(7) ["submissionId"]=> int(6237) ["status"]=> int(3) ["version"]=> int(1) ["categoryIds"]=> array(0) { } ["citationsRaw"]=> string(10329) "Adamson, Fiona: Crossing Borders: International Migration and National Security. International Security, 31, no. 1 (2006). 165–199. Online: https://doi.org/10.1162/isec.2006.31.1.165 Acuña-Alfaro, Jairo – David Khoudour: El potencial de la migración en América Latina y el Caribe. UNDP, Programa de las Naciones Unidas para el Desarrollo, 20 January 2020. Online: https://www1.undp.org/content/undp/es/home/blog/2020/harnessing-the-potential-of-migration-in-latin-america-and-the-c.html Bahar, Dany – Ernesto Talvi: Can Latin American Countries Benefit from their Large Emigrant Populations? Brookings, 30 March 2018. Online: https://www.brookings.edu/research/can-latin-american-countries-benefit-from-their-large-emigrant-populations/ Bata-Balog, Amadea: A remigráció diskurzusa: A hazatérés mozgatórugóinak és fejleményeinek áttekintése – különös tekintettel a magyar nyelvű szakirodalomban. Tér–Gazdaság–Ember, 9, nos. 3–4 (2021). 49–68. Banco Mundial: Los flujos de remesas desafían las previsiones y siguen siendo sólidos durante la crisis provocada por la Covid-19. 12 May 2021. Online: https://www.bancomundial.org/es/news/press-release/2021/05/12/defying-predictions-remittance-flows-remain-strong-during-covid-19-crisis Bayona-i-Carrasco, Jordi – Rosalia Avila-Tápies: Latin Americans and Caribbeans in Europe: A Cross-Country Analysis. International Migration, 58, no. 1 (2020). 198–218. Online: https://doi.org/10.1111/imig.12565 Beaton, Kimberly – Svetlana Cerovic – Misael Galdamez – Metodij Hadzi-Vaskov – Franz Loyola – Zsoka Koczan – Bogdan Lissovolik – Jan Kees Martijn – Yulia Ustyugova – Joyce Wong: Migration and Remittances in Latin America and the Caribbean. IMF Working Papers, 144 (2017). Online: https://doi.org/10.5089/9781484303641.001 BID: Flujos Migratorios en América Latina y el Caribe. Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo, September 2021. Online: https://publications.iadb.org/es/publications/spanish/document/Flujos-migratorios-en-America-Latina-y-el-Caribe-estadisticas-de-permisos-para-los-migrantes.pdf Bigo, Didier: Security and Immigration: Toward a Critique of the Governmentality of Unease. Alternatives, 27, no. 1 (2002). 63–92. Online: https://doi.org/10.1177/03043754020270S105 Booth, Ken: Security and Emancipation. Review of International Studies, 17, no. 4 (1991). 313–326. Online: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0260210500112033 Bourbeau, Philippe: Handbook on Migration and Security. Cheltenham, Edward Elgar Publishing, 2017. Online: https://doi.org/10.4337/9781785360497 Buzan, Barry: People, States, and Fear. The National Security Problem in International Relations. Chapel Hill, University of North Carolina Press, 1983. Buzan, Barry – Ole Wæver – Jaap de Wilde: Security. A New Framework for Analysis. Boulder, Colorado, Lynne Rienner Publishers, 1998. Online: https://doi.org/10.1515/9781685853808 CEMLA: Las Remesas a Latinoamérica y el Caribe y los efectos de la pandemia del Covid-19: 2020–2021. Centro de Estudios Monetarios de Latinoamericanos, September 2021. Online: https://www.cemla.org/PDF/remesaseinclusion/2021-10-remesas-latinoamerica-el-caribe-y-los-efectos-de-la-pandemia.pdf D’Appollonia, Ariane Chebel: Securitization and Integration. In Migrant Mobilization and Securitization in the US and Europe. New York, Palgrave Macmillan, 2015. 63–90. Online: https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137388056_4 Dinarte, Lelys – David Jaume – Eduardo Medina-Cortina – Hernan Winkler: Neither by Land nor by Sea. The Rise of Electronic Remittances during Covid-19. World Bank Group, May 2022. Online: https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/bitstream/handle/10986/37470/IDU0b9463f130c07f040160bb26018c9daadd997.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y Durand, Jorge – Douglas Massey: New World Orders: Continuities and Changes in Latin American Migration. The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 630, no. 1 (2010). 20–52. Online: https://doi.org/10.1177/0002716210368102 Eurostat: Personal Remittances Statistics. 2021. Online: https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php?title=Personal_remittances_statistics#Decrease_in_personal_remittances_in_2020 GPFI: G20 Rome Leaders’ Declaration. 2021. Online: https://www.gpfi.org/sites/gpfi/files/7_G20%20Rome%20Leaders%27%20Declaration.pdf Hampson, F. Osler: Human Security. In Paul D. Williams (ed.): Security Studies. An Introduction. New York, Routledge, 2013. 279–294. Huysmans, Jef – Vicki Squire: Migration and Security. In Myriam Dunn Cavelty – Victor Mauer (eds.): Handbook of Security Studies. London, Routledge, 2009. Online: https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203866764 INE: Población por nacionalidad. Instituto Nacional de Estadísticas, 2021. IOM: Informe sobre las migraciones en el mundo 2020. Online: https://publications.iom.int/system/files/pdf/wmr_2020_es.pdf IOM: Measuring Global Migration Potential, 2010–2015. IOM’s Global Migration Data Analysis Centre, July 2017. Online: https://publications.iom.int/system/files/pdf/gmdac_data_briefing_series_issue_9.pdf Jewers, Mariellen – Manuel Orozco: Migrants, Remittances, and Covid-19. Remittance Behavior and Economic and Health Vulnerabilities. Washington, D.C., Inter-American Dialogue, 2020. Online: https://www.thedialogue.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/FINAL-Migrants-Remittances-and-Covid-19_08.05.20.pdf Jordan, Miriam: Even When They Lost Their Jobs, Immigrants Sent Money Home. The New York Times, 24 September 2020. Online: https://www.nytimes.com/2020/09/24/us/coronavirus-immigrants-remittances.html?searchResultPosition=3 KNOMAD: Covid-19 Crisis Through a Migration Lens. Migration and Development Brief 32, April 2020. Online: https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/bitstream/handle/10986/33634/COVID-19-Crisis-Through-a-Migration-Lens.pdf?sequence=5&isAllowed=y KNOMAD: Resilience. Covid-19 Crisis Through a Migration Lens. Migration and Development Brief 34, May 2021a. Online: https://www.knomad.org/sites/default/files/2021-05/Migration%20and%20Development%20Brief%2034_0.pdf KNOMAD: Recovery. Covid-19 Crisis Through a Migration Lens. Migration and Development Brief 35, November 2021b. Online: https://www.knomad.org/sites/default/files/2021-11/Migration_Brief%2035_1.pdf KNOMAD: A War in Pandemic 2022. Migration and Development Brief 36, May 2022. Online: https://www.knomad.org/sites/default/files/2022-05/Migration%20and%20Development%20Brief%2036_May%202022_0.pdf Koser, Khalid: When is Migration a Security Issue? Brookings, 31 March 2011. Online: https://www.brookings.edu/opinions/when-is-migration-a-security-issue/ La, Hai Anh – Ying Xu: Remittances, Social Security, and the Crowding-out Effect: Evidence from Vietnam. Journal of Asian Economics, 49, (2017). 42–59. Online: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asieco.2017.02.002 Léonard, Sarah – Christian Kaunert: The Securitisation of Migration in the European Union: Frontex and Its Evolving Security Practices. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 48, no. 6 (2020). 1958–1977. Online: https://doi.org/10.1080/1369183X.2020.1851469 Marton, Péter: A biztonság empirikus elemzésének újragondolása. Nemzet és Biztonság, 10, no. 6 (2017). 61–78. Marton, Péter: Biztonsági komplexumok. A biztonság empirikus elemzésének alapjai. Corvinus University of Budapest, 2019. Online: http://unipub.lib.uni-corvinus.hu/4080/1/MP_Biztonsag.pdf Mora-Rivera, Jorge – Edwin van Gameren: The Impact of Remittances on Food Insecurity: Evidence from Mexico. World Development, 140 (2021). Online: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2020.105349 Nyberg Sørensen, Ninna: The Development Dimension of Migrant Remittances. IOM, June 2004. O’Neil, Shannon: Venezuelan Remittances Don’t Just Save Lives. Bloomberg, 04 April 2019. Online: https://www.bloomberg.com/opinion/articles/2019-04-04/venezuelan-remittances-also-help-maduro-regime?leadSource=uverify%20wall Reuters Covid-19 Tracker: Daily Statistics in Latin America and the Caribbean. Reuters, 15 July 2022. Online: https://graphics.reuters.com/world-coronavirus-tracker-and-maps/regions/latin-america-and-the-caribbean/ RMRP: Regional Refugee and Migrant Response Plan. R4V, 2022. Online: https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/4%2520Pager%25202022%2520%2528ENG%2529.pdf R4V: Inter-Agency Coordination Platform for Refugees and Migrants from Venezuela. 2022. Online: https://www.r4v.info/en Skidmore, Thomas: Modern Latin America. Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2005. Soltész, Béla: A venezuelai kivándorlás hatása Dél-Amerika országaira. KKI Elemzések, no. 51 (2021). 3–14. Online: https://doi.org/10.47683/KKIElemzesek.KE-2021.51 Szászi, Ivett: A humánbiztonság koncepciója és mérésének lehetőségei. Nemzetbiztonsági Szemle, 7, no. 2 (2019). 109–127. Online: https://doi.org/10.32561/nsz.2019.2.9 Szente-Varga, Mónika – Amadea Bata-Balog: Return Migration from Venezuela to Europe: Back to the Roots. Estudios Internacionais, 9, no. 3 (2021). 75–95. Online: https://doi.org/10.5752/P.2317-773X.2021v9n3p75-95 The Economist: Why the Pandemic Has Not Dented Latin American Remittances? The Economist, 2 December 2020. Online: https://www.economist.com/graphic-detail/2020/12/02/why-the-pandemic-has-not-dented-latin-american-remittances Thomázy, Gabriella – Amadea Bata-Balog: Colombianas en Chile: tendencias y determinantes de la migración femenina. Acta Hispanica, 25 (2020). 23–35. Online: https://doi.org/10.14232/actahisp.2020.25.23-35 Thompson, Laura: Financial Remittances – A Tool for Development? IOM, 16 October 2014. Online: https://www.iom.int/oped/financial-remittances-tool-development UN: Population Facts, No. 2017/5. Online: https://www.un.org/en/development/desa/population/publications/pdf/popfacts/PopFacts_2017-5.pdf UNHCR: Ukraine Refugee Situation. 2022. Online: https://data.unhcr.org/en/situations/ukraine Van der Wal, Zeger: The 21st Century Public Manager. Challenges, People and Strategies. London, Palgrave Macmillan, 2017. Weiss Fagen, Patricia – Mican N. Bump: Remittances in Conflict and Crises: How Remittances Sustain Livelihoods in War, Crises, and Transitions to Peace. The International Peace Academy, Policy Paper, February 2006. Online: https://www.ipinst.org/wp-content/uploads/publications/remittances_erpt.pdf" ["copyrightYear"]=> int(2023) ["issueId"]=> int(494) ["licenseUrl"]=> string(49) "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0" ["pages"]=> string(7) "117-133" ["pub-id::doi"]=> string(23) "10.32565/aarms.2022.3.7" ["abstract"]=> array(1) { ["en_US"]=> string(869) "

While a wide range of extensive literature deal with migration as a security concern, much less attention is aimed at migrant remittances regarding security. However, vulnerable communities in developing regions such as Latin America tend to rely upon the sum of money received from migrants working abroad. In the shadow of the Covid-19 pandemic, it has again become apparent that migrant related monetary remittances play a vital role in disaster relief. In this paper it is argued that remittances have been a crucial tool for economic and human security in Latin America especially during the pandemic. Examining primary and secondary statistical sources, the analysis also tries to find explanations for the resilience and increasing volume of cross-border remittances with regard to the Latin American region, exceeding earlier estimates to a great extent.

" } ["copyrightHolder"]=> array(1) { ["en_US"]=> string(17) "Bata-Balog Amadea" } ["source"]=> array(1) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" } ["title"]=> array(1) { ["en_US"]=> string(76) "Remittances as a Vital Tool for Economic and Human Security in Latin America" } ["locale"]=> string(5) "en_US" ["authors"]=> array(1) { [0]=> object(Author)#782 (6) { ["_data"]=> array(14) { ["id"]=> int(7836) ["email"]=> string(28) "Bata-Balog.Amadea@uni-nke.hu" ["includeInBrowse"]=> bool(true) ["publicationId"]=> int(6361) ["seq"]=> int(7) ["userGroupId"]=> int(82) ["country"]=> string(2) "HU" ["orcid"]=> string(0) "" ["url"]=> string(0) "" ["affiliation"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" ["hu_HU"]=> string(0) "" } ["biography"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" ["hu_HU"]=> string(0) "" } ["familyName"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(10) "Bata-Balog" ["hu_HU"]=> string(10) "Bata-Balog" } ["givenName"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(6) "Amadea" ["hu_HU"]=> string(6) "Amadea" } ["submissionLocale"]=> string(5) "en_US" } ["_hasLoadableAdapters"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataExtractionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_extractionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataInjectionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_injectionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) } } ["keywords"]=> array(1) { ["en_US"]=> array(5) { [0]=> string(11) "remittances" [1]=> string(9) "migration" [2]=> string(8) "security" [3]=> string(13) "Latin America" [4]=> string(8) "COVID-19" } } ["subjects"]=> array(0) { } ["disciplines"]=> array(0) { } ["languages"]=> array(0) { } ["supportingAgencies"]=> array(0) { } ["galleys"]=> array(1) { [0]=> object(ArticleGalley)#783 (7) { ["_submissionFile"]=> NULL ["_data"]=> array(9) { ["submissionFileId"]=> int(26685) ["id"]=> int(5229) ["isApproved"]=> bool(false) ["locale"]=> string(5) "en_US" ["label"]=> string(3) "PDF" ["publicationId"]=> int(6361) ["seq"]=> int(0) ["urlPath"]=> string(0) "" ["urlRemote"]=> string(0) "" } ["_hasLoadableAdapters"]=> bool(true) ["_metadataExtractionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_extractionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataInjectionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_injectionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) } } } ["_hasLoadableAdapters"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataExtractionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_extractionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataInjectionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_injectionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) }