When Administrative Law Meets Process Engineering
BPMN Modelling, Automation and Interoperability in the Hungarian State Registry Systems
Copyright (c) 2026 Balázs Gerencsér, András Ilosvai, Kristóf Imre Karacs, Gábor Kurunczi, András Oláh, András Attila Sulyok, Kálmán Tornai, Ádám Varga
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Abstract
The paper examines the digitalisation of Hungary’s public administration registries through an interdisciplinary legal IT lens. It traces the acceleration of records digitisation since the 2000s and identifies fragmentation across sectoral registers as the primary barrier to end-to-end digital services. Methodologically, we combine doctrinal legal analysis with process engineering, using BPMN to model priority procedures and test two questions, namely, 1. whether digitised procedures fit within current Hungarian register law, and 2. what are the challenges that hinder interoperability in both the legal and IT contexts? Our findings demonstrate that BPMN enables verifiable, executable specifications for normative procedures, supporting RPA and rule-based automated decisions. AI and expert systems can extend capabilities where explainability and override are ensured. The paper argues for a technologyneutral code of state registries and enforceable interoperability, i.e. shared identifiers, data contracts and auditability. We are also proposing improvements to risk management, such as addressing biases, ensuring authenticity and preventing model drift. These improvements Will guide the transition to a human-centred, reliable digital administration.
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Acknowledgements
The research underlying this study was carried out with the support of the Ministry of Culture and Innovation’s National Research, Development and Innovation Fund under the National Laboratory for Infocommunications and Information Technology project No. 2022-2.1.1-NL-2022-00011, as part of the complex development of national laboratories grant programme. Also, this research project was hosted by IdomSoft Zrt., the company responsible for the management of the state registries, examined in the research.