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Journal of International Economic Law, 24(2), 259–275. Online: https://doi.org/10.1093/jiel/jgab014" ["copyrightYear"]=> int(2026) ["issueId"]=> int(675) ["licenseUrl"]=> string(43) "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0" ["pub-id::doi"]=> string(20) "10.53116/pgaflr.8448" ["abstract"]=> array(1) { ["en_US"]=> string(1117) "

This paper assesses the integration of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) within the policy framework of Namibia’s Sustainable Special Economic Zones (SSEZs). As Namibia transitions from the underperforming Export Processing Zones (EPZs) to SSEZs, the paper raises the question of whether the new policy sufficiently addresses the CSR deficiencies of its predecessor. Using a qualitative, interpretive methodology, the paper highlights significant policy and institutional gaps impeding effective CSR implementation, such as the absence of regulatory mandates, inadequate accountability mechanisms and disjointed governance. It suggests a multi-tiered intervention strategy comprising policy reforms, legal requirements and participatory governance mechanisms, to integrate CSR into the SSEZs design and operations. Drawing on international best practices, the paper presents a contextualised framework to improve social sustainability within Namibia’s industrial policy. The results emphasise the need to reconceptualise CSR as a fundamental and strategic component of sustainable economic development.

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Senior Lecturer, Department of Public Management and Political Studies, University of Namibia, Windhoek, Namibia

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Online: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40249-016-0171-4" ["issueId"]=> int(675) ["pub-id::doi"]=> string(20) "10.53116/pgaflr.8435" ["abstract"]=> array(1) { ["en_US"]=> string(1428) "

In recent years, the world has been facing global issues such as the spread of pandemic and global warming. Countermeasures for these problems have been discussed using the concept of global public goods (GPGs). This article explores the necessity of establishing complex arrangements and governance structures for addressing global public goods, with an emphasis on the public health context, and combating infectious disease threats in particular. The article conceptualises malaria prevention and control as a global public good and suggests that its governance is likely to be more effective and sustainable if based on three multi-level settings: international rule-forming institutions; regionally embedded knowledge networks; and national cross-border infrastructures. Using the Mekong Countries as an empirical case, it evaluates the actor–recipient dynamics leveraging public health goods, and highlights the importance of adaptive, governance-rooted strategies for addressing epidemiological challenges. The article further argues that international norms must be activated and operationalised through both regional plurilateral and national bilateral pathways to build collaborative mechanisms and implement pragmatic health policies, thereby achieving effectiveness and sustainability. These findings contribute to cumulative theoretical insights into the transforming landscape of global health governance.

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Doctoral Researcher, Institute of International Relations, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China

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PhD Candidate, Collaborative Innovation Center of South China Sea Studies, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China

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This article examines how a multilateral investment dispute settlement mechanism can be designed by taking governance lessons from the WTO dispute settlement mechanism. It analyses the institutional strengths and weaknesses of the WTO system. It focuses on multilateralism, adjudicative structure, decision making, appointment of adjudicators and supporting institutions. The article argues that the success of the WTO largely stems from its standing bodies, binding rules and institutional coherence. Simultaneously, it points out the limits of consensus based decision-making and ad hoc adjudication. Based on these examination and arguments, the article evaluates ongoing reform efforts under UNCITRAL Working Group III. It recommends a two-tier standing mechanism with qualified judges, a plenary body with majority based voting, a clear code of conduct, and an independent secretariat. It also stresses cost control and the establishment of an advisory centre. The article concludes that selective and careful adaptation, rather than wholesale replication of the WTO model is essential for an effective and legitimate multilateral investment dispute settlement system.

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