object(Publication)#697 (6) { ["_data"]=> array(27) { ["id"]=> int(1739) ["accessStatus"]=> int(0) ["datePublished"]=> string(10) "2016-12-31" ["lastModified"]=> string(19) "2021-11-17 16:11:54" ["sectionId"]=> int(38) ["seq"]=> int(0) ["submissionId"]=> int(1622) ["status"]=> int(3) ["version"]=> int(1) ["categoryIds"]=> array(0) { } ["citationsRaw"]=> string(0) "" ["copyrightYear"]=> int(2020) ["issueId"]=> int(119) ["licenseUrl"]=> string(42) "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0" ["pages"]=> string(7) "215-222" ["pub-id::doi"]=> string(23) "10.32565/aarms.2016.3.1" ["abstract"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(662) "

Genocide is one of the worst things one can imagine throughout the history of humanity. But in the cases of Cambodia and Rwanda this was even more serious as children were used as instruments of the massacres. Both the Khmer Rouge and the Hutu regime had their specific reasons for this act. The number of victims surpasses the millions, who either lost their lives, or suffered from various kinds of violence, because the young perpetrators were also victims, who carry the invisible scars in their souls. These historical examples are warnings for the international community to be active in situations like these, and stand up for the defenceless ones.

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Genocide is one of the worst things one can imagine throughout the history of humanity. But in the cases of Cambodia and Rwanda this was even more serious as children were used as instruments of the massacres. Both the Khmer Rouge and the Hutu regime had their specific reasons for this act. The number of victims surpasses the millions, who either lost their lives, or suffered from various kinds of violence, because the young perpetrators were also victims, who carry the invisible scars in their souls. These historical examples are warnings for the international community to be active in situations like these, and stand up for the defenceless ones.

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There are a growing number of disasters in Hungary, and throughout the world, that have had devastating effects, and the activities related to prevention, protection and damage cleanup last for a long time. The defence activities are accomplished by professional organizations responsible for remedial actions, namely the National Directorate General for Disaster Management, Ministry of the Interior (NDGDM) and the Hungarian Defence Forces (HDF). Working for a long period of time at the site of damage cleanup works is a heavy burden and effort. Therefore, maintenance of the appropriate physical condition of the official staff intervening in disasters and carrying out demanding physical duties is essential for effective work activities. Catering, providing food and drink supply for organizations carrying out intervention is one of the basic responsibilities of the professional organizations. With the aid and application of the methods of modern food science the energy need of the human body accomplishing demanding activities can be determined by taking body weight and parameters of weather into account. In this work, we aim to analyse the impacts physical workers’ bodies are exposed to. We also define and through examples present the amount, quality and form of the required nutrient and fluid intakes. Through our research, we would like to assist medical and logistic professionals responsible for catering the intervening organization.

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There are a growing number of disasters in Hungary, and throughout the world, that have had devastating effects, and the activities related to prevention, protection and damage cleanup last for a long time. The defence activities are accomplished by professional organizations responsible for remedial actions, namely the National Directorate General for Disaster Management, Ministry of the Interior (NDGDM) and the Hungarian Defence Forces (HDF). Working for a long period of time at the site of damage cleanup works is a heavy burden and effort. Therefore, maintenance of the appropriate physical condition of the official staff intervening in disasters and carrying out demanding physical duties is essential for effective work activities. Catering, providing food and drink supply for organizations carrying out intervention is one of the basic responsibilities of the professional organizations. With the aid and application of the methods of modern food science the energy need of the human body accomplishing demanding activities can be determined by taking body weight and parameters of weather into account. In this work, we aim to analyse the impacts physical workers’ bodies are exposed to. We also define and through examples present the amount, quality and form of the required nutrient and fluid intakes. Through our research, we would like to assist medical and logistic professionals responsible for catering the intervening organization.

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object(Publication)#187 (6) { ["_data"]=> array(27) { ["id"]=> int(1766) ["accessStatus"]=> int(0) ["datePublished"]=> string(10) "2016-12-31" ["lastModified"]=> string(19) "2022-01-07 15:19:17" ["sectionId"]=> int(38) ["seq"]=> int(2) ["submissionId"]=> int(1649) ["status"]=> int(3) ["version"]=> int(1) ["categoryIds"]=> array(0) { } ["citationsRaw"]=> string(0) "" ["copyrightYear"]=> int(2020) ["issueId"]=> int(119) ["licenseUrl"]=> string(42) "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0" ["pages"]=> string(7) "231-237" ["pub-id::doi"]=> string(23) "10.32565/aarms.2016.3.3" ["abstract"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(1634) "

According to environmental and safety-conscious behaviour in the 21th century, it is necessary to strive to reduce all those activities that cause environmental damage in every aspect of life. More emphasis should be placed on recycling, waste-handling and environmental-friendly solutions, due to the increased amount of waste caused by the penetration of plastics. Plastic manufacture is a constantly growing industry – especially the production of packaging – so the amount of plastic waste generated is also growing steadily. Only a part of the accumulated waste is recycled, another part is destroyed and the remaining amount will continue to pollute the environment. One form of destruction may be energy recovery or incineration. Destruction is a form of energy recovery or incineration which is subject to strict legal requirements in addition to other possible activities. It could pose a serious burden on the human and natural environment if the process is not properly controlled and monitored. This article writes of the situation that seemingly a growing amount of plastic waste is used in residential combustion appliances, of which adverse environmental and health effects the majority of citizens are not aware, so these will be shown in particular. In this article, we examine the environmental and health effects and harm caused by the burning of plastics in detail. We write this study with the purpose of drawing people’s attention to the importance of reducing the quantities of plastic waste and thus the environmental impact they cause as well as the human and environmental risks of incineration.

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According to environmental and safety-conscious behaviour in the 21th century, it is necessary to strive to reduce all those activities that cause environmental damage in every aspect of life. More emphasis should be placed on recycling, waste-handling and environmental-friendly solutions, due to the increased amount of waste caused by the penetration of plastics. Plastic manufacture is a constantly growing industry – especially the production of packaging – so the amount of plastic waste generated is also growing steadily. Only a part of the accumulated waste is recycled, another part is destroyed and the remaining amount will continue to pollute the environment. One form of destruction may be energy recovery or incineration. Destruction is a form of energy recovery or incineration which is subject to strict legal requirements in addition to other possible activities. It could pose a serious burden on the human and natural environment if the process is not properly controlled and monitored. This article writes of the situation that seemingly a growing amount of plastic waste is used in residential combustion appliances, of which adverse environmental and health effects the majority of citizens are not aware, so these will be shown in particular. In this article, we examine the environmental and health effects and harm caused by the burning of plastics in detail. We write this study with the purpose of drawing people’s attention to the importance of reducing the quantities of plastic waste and thus the environmental impact they cause as well as the human and environmental risks of incineration.

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Military science has always been an important factor of scientific life, considering its relevance for current strategic stability and the possibly prosperous future of a country or a nation. The century long shaping of military technology and warfare was a process through which ancient military commanders’ strategic and tactical concepts were correspondingly reformed to adapt and exceed the rapidly changing characteristics and the continuously shaping environment. Strategic research is the basis for turning “unpredictable” and “world-shaking” into “understandable” and “prognostic”. This analysis aims to highlight the current institutional capacities of military science in the Carpathian-basin and present the guidelines and operational level of the ongoing strategic studies in the region, while demonstrating the importance of maintaining and supporting the relevant Hungarian military research purposes.

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Military science has always been an important factor of scientific life, considering its relevance for current strategic stability and the possibly prosperous future of a country or a nation. The century long shaping of military technology and warfare was a process through which ancient military commanders’ strategic and tactical concepts were correspondingly reformed to adapt and exceed the rapidly changing characteristics and the continuously shaping environment. Strategic research is the basis for turning “unpredictable” and “world-shaking” into “understandable” and “prognostic”. This analysis aims to highlight the current institutional capacities of military science in the Carpathian-basin and present the guidelines and operational level of the ongoing strategic studies in the region, while demonstrating the importance of maintaining and supporting the relevant Hungarian military research purposes.

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The experience of extraordinary situation influences the whole personality. Nowadays the dominant crises – events such as war, natural disasters, economic crises and terrorism – affect an individual’s emotional, cognitive and behavioural responses. The emerging security challenges require adequate prevention strategies and crisis intervention, which involves the analysis of the psychological processes with modern methods. This paper shows the effectiveness of the psychological methods in the management of such situations. The article is divided into several parts; the first part is a general definition of special situations, the second is the presentation of the emotional and physiological consequences, while the third deals with the description of the cognitive aspects. The final part of the study attends to the psychological content analysis in emergencies as a possible research area.

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The experience of extraordinary situation influences the whole personality. Nowadays the dominant crises – events such as war, natural disasters, economic crises and terrorism – affect an individual’s emotional, cognitive and behavioural responses. The emerging security challenges require adequate prevention strategies and crisis intervention, which involves the analysis of the psychological processes with modern methods. This paper shows the effectiveness of the psychological methods in the management of such situations. The article is divided into several parts; the first part is a general definition of special situations, the second is the presentation of the emotional and physiological consequences, while the third deals with the description of the cognitive aspects. The final part of the study attends to the psychological content analysis in emergencies as a possible research area.

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This study intends to react to challenges threatening Europe’s internal security. The perception of security of Europe’s citizens has deteriorated due to recent terrorist attacks. The internal security strategies of Europe’s countries should be revised because it is impossible to predict which European country will suffer another terrorist attack. Prevention can be classified as the most important strategy in this situation. The deplorable terrorist attacks that occurred in France and Belgium have shown that in addition to the civilian population, members of the police are also exposed to attacks of terrorists. The study analyses the comprehensive theoretical approach, which is a research starter to help the law enforcement agencies in creating a more coherent and effective concept for preventing and uncovering crimes in order to protect, firstly, the civilian population and, secondly, policemen. Hypotheses are formulated, which examine basic elements of the strategies for preventing and uncovering crimes from the viewpoint of the organizational culture of the police.

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This study intends to react to challenges threatening Europe’s internal security. The perception of security of Europe’s citizens has deteriorated due to recent terrorist attacks. The internal security strategies of Europe’s countries should be revised because it is impossible to predict which European country will suffer another terrorist attack. Prevention can be classified as the most important strategy in this situation. The deplorable terrorist attacks that occurred in France and Belgium have shown that in addition to the civilian population, members of the police are also exposed to attacks of terrorists. The study analyses the comprehensive theoretical approach, which is a research starter to help the law enforcement agencies in creating a more coherent and effective concept for preventing and uncovering crimes in order to protect, firstly, the civilian population and, secondly, policemen. Hypotheses are formulated, which examine basic elements of the strategies for preventing and uncovering crimes from the viewpoint of the organizational culture of the police.

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This study aims to deal with a current and undoubtedly unique theme by examining the scope of leader responsibilities and effectiveness in a unique labour market environment following a concept which is still new in our country. The basic thesis of this study is that the responsibility of leaders is highly significant in achieving organizational efficiency even in public administration institutions, and additionally the terms of natural and developer leaders will be explained from this aspect as well. Furthermore, this study wants to define the importance of emotional intelligence and emotional competence in managerial work, particularly with regard to the practice of public administration. In relation to this topic the study also aims to formulate proposals for the behaviour of leaders with “creative vision”, and it summarizes those competency-based methods and good practices that can support leader activities efficiently, effectively and with resource saving.

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This study aims to deal with a current and undoubtedly unique theme by examining the scope of leader responsibilities and effectiveness in a unique labour market environment following a concept which is still new in our country. The basic thesis of this study is that the responsibility of leaders is highly significant in achieving organizational efficiency even in public administration institutions, and additionally the terms of natural and developer leaders will be explained from this aspect as well. Furthermore, this study wants to define the importance of emotional intelligence and emotional competence in managerial work, particularly with regard to the practice of public administration. In relation to this topic the study also aims to formulate proposals for the behaviour of leaders with “creative vision”, and it summarizes those competency-based methods and good practices that can support leader activities efficiently, effectively and with resource saving.

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Nowadays businesses face multiple issues regarding new phenomena like cloud computing, which is a great business impetus: with the minimization of capital expenditure (CapEx) on IT infrastructure and personnel the efficiency can be improved. Technically this is not a new invention, but it is changing the approach to IT service, which has become outsourced, highly adaptive and scalable. Of course, the change in the technical landscape always implies security issues. Information security is not just a set of technical countermeasures: it is also a business requirement. It will help to avoid financial loss, avoid bad reputation or increase trust among clients.
The article analyses business alignment of information security in the case of cloud services. It shows the results of research, where the theoretical and practical issues of risk assessment-based business decision support were analysed and proved. Its finding was that there are cases when we can do examination, but general automatized tools are inadequate. However specialized tools and sometimes third party certifications should give more support.

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Nowadays businesses face multiple issues regarding new phenomena like cloud computing, which is a great business impetus: with the minimization of capital expenditure (CapEx) on IT infrastructure and personnel the efficiency can be improved. Technically this is not a new invention, but it is changing the approach to IT service, which has become outsourced, highly adaptive and scalable. Of course, the change in the technical landscape always implies security issues. Information security is not just a set of technical countermeasures: it is also a business requirement. It will help to avoid financial loss, avoid bad reputation or increase trust among clients.
The article analyses business alignment of information security in the case of cloud services. It shows the results of research, where the theoretical and practical issues of risk assessment-based business decision support were analysed and proved. Its finding was that there are cases when we can do examination, but general automatized tools are inadequate. However specialized tools and sometimes third party certifications should give more support.

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We are witnessing a new era where NATO and Russia are engaged in deep a confrontation, including its military dimension. The West – especially the US and some countries on the Eastern borders of NATO – equal the Russian threat against Europe to that of the Islamic State of Iraq and al-Sham (ISIS), and Ebola. Plenty of studies examine Russian use of hybrid warfare in “aggressions” against independent states, including Ukraine, Georgia, and last but not least Estonia, a member of the Alliance.
The portrayal of Russia, as the leading military threat against NATO is a hopelessly flawed threat perception that makes no sense at strategic level, unless it serves unstated and concealed geopolitical goals of some great powers. Both a conventional and a nuclear war between NATO and Russia are completely irrational and in nobody’s interest, since it will inflict enormous damage and there could be no real winner.
If a conventional military incident might occur between NATO and Russia, the parties will most likely restrain themselves to avoid a major war, as they did in several confrontations briefly analysed in the article. If a nuclear confrontation occurs, the capabilities of both parties are far more than enough to change living conditions on Earth beyond recognition, when the remnants of humanity will struggle to survive.
It is in Europe’s interest to reverse the confrontational course with Russia, while the perception of an “aggressive” Russia as a key military threat mainly serves US interests. The ultimate paradox is that Russia would truly become a leading threat to peace and security if the West succeeds destabilising her.

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We are witnessing a new era where NATO and Russia are engaged in deep a confrontation, including its military dimension. The West – especially the US and some countries on the Eastern borders of NATO – equal the Russian threat against Europe to that of the Islamic State of Iraq and al-Sham (ISIS), and Ebola. Plenty of studies examine Russian use of hybrid warfare in “aggressions” against independent states, including Ukraine, Georgia, and last but not least Estonia, a member of the Alliance.
The portrayal of Russia, as the leading military threat against NATO is a hopelessly flawed threat perception that makes no sense at strategic level, unless it serves unstated and concealed geopolitical goals of some great powers. Both a conventional and a nuclear war between NATO and Russia are completely irrational and in nobody’s interest, since it will inflict enormous damage and there could be no real winner.
If a conventional military incident might occur between NATO and Russia, the parties will most likely restrain themselves to avoid a major war, as they did in several confrontations briefly analysed in the article. If a nuclear confrontation occurs, the capabilities of both parties are far more than enough to change living conditions on Earth beyond recognition, when the remnants of humanity will struggle to survive.
It is in Europe’s interest to reverse the confrontational course with Russia, while the perception of an “aggressive” Russia as a key military threat mainly serves US interests. The ultimate paradox is that Russia would truly become a leading threat to peace and security if the West succeeds destabilising her.

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object(Publication)#793 (6) { ["_data"]=> array(27) { ["id"]=> int(1791) ["accessStatus"]=> int(0) ["datePublished"]=> string(10) "2016-12-31" ["lastModified"]=> string(19) "2022-01-07 15:22:00" ["sectionId"]=> int(38) ["seq"]=> int(9) ["submissionId"]=> int(1674) ["status"]=> int(3) ["version"]=> int(1) ["categoryIds"]=> array(0) { } ["citationsRaw"]=> string(0) "" ["copyrightYear"]=> int(2020) ["issueId"]=> int(119) ["licenseUrl"]=> string(42) "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0" ["pages"]=> string(7) "301-323" ["pub-id::doi"]=> string(24) "10.32565/aarms.2016.3.10" ["abstract"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(1016) "

This paper presents a parametrized stability control method for special slow motion field mobile robots, based on use cases from border surveillance. The concept uses the centre of gravity (COG) as the virtual centre of motion (VCM). The simplified robot geometry is an input parameter of the model, so it can work with different types of mobile robots, like holonomic-wheeled, differential-wheeled, steered, tracked, wheeled-tracked, segmented, etc. structures. This method resulted in the implementation of a flexible and universal control algorithm for transformable and hybrid drive mobile robots, where every parameter can be changed and recalculated for different applications or even in discrete time steps during the motion at a 3D path. The velocity reference, the angular velocity reference and the optimization parameter (for example gravity compensation) of the robot can be prescribed. The model was implemented in MATLAB and can be compiled to C for measurements and validation with test robots.

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This paper presents a parametrized stability control method for special slow motion field mobile robots, based on use cases from border surveillance. The concept uses the centre of gravity (COG) as the virtual centre of motion (VCM). The simplified robot geometry is an input parameter of the model, so it can work with different types of mobile robots, like holonomic-wheeled, differential-wheeled, steered, tracked, wheeled-tracked, segmented, etc. structures. This method resulted in the implementation of a flexible and universal control algorithm for transformable and hybrid drive mobile robots, where every parameter can be changed and recalculated for different applications or even in discrete time steps during the motion at a 3D path. The velocity reference, the angular velocity reference and the optimization parameter (for example gravity compensation) of the robot can be prescribed. The model was implemented in MATLAB and can be compiled to C for measurements and validation with test robots.

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