Miért stratégiai fontosságú Niger?

doi: 10.32563/hsz.2024.1.3

Absztrakt

Első pillantásra talán úgy tűnhet, hogy Nigernek a többi nyugat-afrikai államhoz, például Szenegálhoz, Ghánához vagy épp Nigériához viszonyítva nincsenek olyan stratégiai adottságai, amelyek a térség domináns szereplőjévé tennék. A valóság azonban az, hogy épp a 2023 júliusában lezajlott katonai puccs cáfolt rá erre az állításra. Niger a Száhel-övezet egyik legmeghatározóbb uránérc-exportőre, a világ legmagasabb termékenységi rátájával rendelkező országa, továbbá a dzsihádizmus ellen harcoló amerikai és európai fegyveres erők korábban legstabilabbnak hitt katonai és politikai szövetségese.

Kulcsszavak:

Niger puccs Száhel-övezet migráció dzsihádista szervezetek instabilitás

Hivatkozások

AFD (2022): Tackling Hunger in Niger – with Nutritious, Locally Produced Cereals and Flour. Online: https://www.afd.fr/en/actualites/tackling-hunger-niger-nutritious-locally-produced-cereals-and-flour

Africa Center for Strategic Studies (2023a): African Militant Islamist Group-Linked Fatalities at All-Time High. Online: https://africacenter.org/spotlight/africa-militant-islamist-group-linked-fatalities-at-all-time-high/

Africa Center for Strategic Studies (2023b): Attempted Coup in Niger: Backgrounder. Online: https://africacenter.org/spotlight/attempted-coup-in-niger-an-explainer/

Africa News (2023): Nigeria Cuts Electricity to Niger after Coup. Africa News, 2 August, 2023. Online: https://www.africanews.com/2023/08/02/nigeria-cuts-electricity-to-niger-after-coup/

AJALA, Olayinka (2023): What Caused the Coup in Niger? An Expert Outlines Three Driving Factors. The Conversation, 2023. július 31. Online: https://theconversation.com/what-caused-the-coup-in-niger-an-expert-outlines-three-driving-factors-210721

Al Jazeera (2023a): US Military Resumes Drone, Crewed Aircraft Operations in Post-Coup Niger. Al Jazeera, 2023. szeptember 14. Online: https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/9/14/us-military-resumes-drone-crewed-aircraft-operations-in-post-coup-niger

Al Jazeera (2023b): French Forces Depart Niger, US Declares Military Rulers Conducted Coup. Al Jazeera, 2023. október 11. Online: https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/10/11/french-forces-depart-niger-us-declares-military-rulers-conducted-coup

BRUNELIN, Stephanie et al. (2022): Responding Faster to Droughts with Satellites and Adaptive Social Protection in Niger. World Bank Blogs, March, 2022. 10 Online: https://blogs.worldbank.org/climatechange/responding-faster-droughts-satellites-and-adaptive-social-protection-niger

CIA (2023): Explore All Countries – Niger. Online: https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/niger/

COLVILLE, Alex (2023): What are China’s Plans for Niger Post-Coup? The China Project, 2023. augusztus 8. Online: https://thechinaproject.com/2023/08/08/what-are-chinas-plans-for-niger-post-coup/

Crisis Group (2023): The Attempted Coup in Niger: Avoiding Armed Conflict. Online: https://www.crisisgroup.org/africa/sahel/niger/tentative-de-coup-detat-au-niger-eviter-la-confrontation-armee

DANGWAL, Ashish (2023): China’s $800 Million Dam Project In Jeopardy As Niger Coup Tensions Lead To Construction Pause. The Eurasian Times, 19 March, 2023. Online: https://www.eurasiantimes.com/edited-chinese-800-million-dam-project-in-jeopardy-as-nige/

ESMA ARSLAN, Fatma (2023): Western Military Presence in Niger Faces Uncertainty Following Coup. Anadolu Agency, 2023. augusztus 2. Online: https://www.aa.com.tr/en/africa/western-military-presence-in-niger-faces-uncertainty-following-coup/2959863

Euratom Supply Agency [é. n.]: Market Observatory. Online: https://euratom-supply.ec.europa.eu/activities/market-observatory_en

FAO (2023): Country Briefs – Niger. Online: https://www.fao.org/giews/countrybrief/country.jsp?code=NER

HARRIS, Paul – HIRSCH, Afua (2013): US Signs Deal with Niger to Operate Military Drones in West African State. The Guardian, 2013. január 29. Online: https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/jan/29/niger-approves-american-surveillance-drones

MAAD, Assma (2023): How Dependent is France on Niger's Uranium? Le Monde, 2023. augusztus 4. Online: https://www.lemonde.fr/en/les-decodeurs/article/2023/08/04/how-dependent-is-france-on-niger-s-uranium_6080772_8.html

MEDNICK, Sam (2023): Power Cuts in Niger Threaten to Spoil Millions of Vaccines as Sanctions Take their Toll, UN Says. AP News, 2023. augusztus 21. Online: https://apnews.com/article/niger-coup-unicef-vaccines-5e7d6610635b0aa2ffe6570cc417930e

MOHAMMED SALIH, Zeinab (2023): Niger Observers Link Coup to President’s Support for EU Migration Policies. The Guardian, 2023. augusztus 23. Online: https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/aug/23/niger-observers-link-coup-to-president-mohamed-bazoum-support-of-eu-migration-policies-people-smuggling

N. RÓZSA, Erzsébet – MARSAI, Viktor (2022): From a Fragmented Cooperation to an Integrated Approach – The Emergence of the Maghreb and Sahel Region and its Consequences for the European Union. Online: https://www.euromesco.net/publication/from-a-fragmented-cooperation-to-an-integrated-approach-the-emergence-of-the-maghreb-and-sahel-region-and-its-consequences-for-the-european-union/

NASR, Wassim – RICH, David (2023): Fewer Drones, Aerial Assets: France Plans Reduction of Military Presence in Niger. France24, 6 September, 2023. Online: https://www.france24.com/en/africa/20230906-fewer-drones-aerial-assets-france-plans-reduction-of-military-presence-in-niger

NORTON, Ben (2023): US/France Threaten Intervention in Resource-rich Niger: Fears of War in West Africa. Geopolitical Economy, 5 August, 2023. Online: https://geopoliticaleconomy.com/2023/08/05/us-france-intervention-niger-west-africa/

Orano (2023): Update on the Situation in Niger. 13 September, 2023. Online: https://www.orano.group/en/news/news-group/2023/september/update-on-the-situation-in-niger

PELTIER, Elian – BREEDEN, Aurelien (2023): France to Withdraw Troops From Niger After Military Coup. The New York Times, 24 September, 2023. Online: https://www.nytimes.com/2023/09/24/world/africa/france-troops-ambassador-niger.html

RAMANI, Samuel (2023): Who Benefits From Niger’s Coup? Foreign Policy, 2 August, 2023. Online: https://foreignpolicy.com/2023/08/02/niger-coup-russia-wagner-china-france-turkey-uae/

RIJKS, Barbara – GABRIËL, Stijn (2020): Migration Trends From, To and Within the Niger 2016 – 2019. UN Migration. Online: https://publications.iom.int/system/files/pdf/iom-niger-four-year-report.pdf

Statista (2023a): The 20 Countries with the Highest Fertility Rates in 2023. Online: https://www.statista.com/statistics/262884/countries-with-the-highest-fertility-rates/

Statista (2023b): Imports of Natural Uranium to the European Union in 2021, by Country of Origin. Online: https://www.statista.com/statistics/1147442/imports-of-uranium-to-eu-by-country/

TARRÓSY István (2023): Kínai–afrikai kapcsolatok, konnektivitás és a BRI kritikai geopolitikai olvasatban. In HORVÁTH Levente (szerk.): Eredmények és kihívások: 10 éves az Övezet és Út Kezdeményezés. Budapest: Eurázsia Központ Neumann János Egyetem, 178–196.

The World Bank (2023): Literacy rate, adult total (% of people ages 15 and above) – Niger. Online: https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SE.ADT.LITR.ZS?locations=NE&most_recent_value_desc=false

THOMAS, Richard (2023): Niger Coup Recognition Limits US to Force Protection ISR Flights. Airforce Technology, 2023. október 11. Online: https://www.airforce-technology.com/news/niger-coup-recognition-limits-us-to-force-protection-isr-flights/

TURSE, Nick (2023): At Least Five Members of Niger Junta were Trained by U.S. The Intercept, 2023. augusztus 10. Online: https://theintercept.com/2023/08/10/niger-coup-us-military-training/

U.S. Department of State (2021): Country Reports on Terrorism 2021: Niger. Online: https://www.state.gov/reports/country-reports-on-terrorism-2021/niger/

U.S. Department of State (2023): Military Coup d’Etat in Niger – Press Statement. Online: https://www.state.gov/military-coup-detat-in-niger/

UN Environment Programme [é. n.]: Interactive Country Fiches –Niger. Online: https://dicf.unepgrid.ch/niger

USAID [é. n.]: Niger – Power Africa Fact Sheet. Online: https://www.usaid.gov/powerafrica/niger

VOA (2023): Analysts: Niger President’s Assertive Push for Reforms Led to Coup. Online: https://www.voaafrica.com/a/analysts-niger-president-s-assertive-push-for-reforms-led-to-coup/7213880.html

Worldometer (2023): Niger Population (LIVE). Online: https://www.worldometers.info/world-population/niger-population/

World Population Review (2023a): Niger Population 2023 (Live). Online: https://worldpopulationreview.com/countries/niger-population

World Population Review (2023b): Poorest Countries in the World 2023. Online: https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/poorest-countries-in-the-world

Letöltések

Letölthető adat még nem áll rendelkezésre.