A fogvatartottakkal szemben megvalósuló kínzás, valamint az embertelen vagy megalázó bánásmód, illetve büntetés fogalmainak elhatárolása
This paper tries to find the distinction between torture and other ill-treatment (inhuman and degrading treatment). The notion of torture is precisely and expressly defined in the 1984 UN Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment. However, none of the international human rights instruments define the notion of inhuman and degrading treatment. Therefore, the distinction in this paper is based on the case-law of the European Court of Human Rights.
" } ["copyrightHolder"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" ["hu_HU"]=> string(0) "" } ["prefix"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" ["hu_HU"]=> string(0) "" } ["subtitle"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" ["hu_HU"]=> string(0) "" } ["title"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" ["hu_HU"]=> string(149) "A fogvatartottakkal szemben megvalósuló kínzás, valamint az embertelen vagy megalázó bánásmód, illetve büntetés fogalmainak elhatárolása" } ["locale"]=> string(5) "hu_HU" ["authors"]=> array(1) { [0]=> object(Author)#759 (6) { ["_data"]=> array(15) { ["id"]=> int(3172) ["email"]=> string(19) "noreply@ludovika.hu" ["includeInBrowse"]=> bool(true) ["publicationId"]=> int(2818) ["seq"]=> int(0) ["userGroupId"]=> int(235) ["country"]=> string(2) "HU" ["orcid"]=> string(0) "" ["url"]=> string(0) "" ["affiliation"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" ["hu_HU"]=> string(0) "" } ["biography"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" ["hu_HU"]=> string(0) "" } ["familyName"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" ["hu_HU"]=> string(7) "Juhász" } ["givenName"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" ["hu_HU"]=> string(12) "Andrea Erika" } ["preferredPublicName"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" ["hu_HU"]=> string(0) "" } ["submissionLocale"]=> string(5) "hu_HU" } ["_hasLoadableAdapters"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataExtractionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_extractionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataInjectionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_injectionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) } } ["keywords"]=> array(1) { ["hu_HU"]=> array(2) { [0]=> string(30) "European Court of Human Rights" [1]=> string(10) "Punishment" } } ["subjects"]=> array(0) { } ["disciplines"]=> array(0) { } ["languages"]=> array(0) { } ["supportingAgencies"]=> array(0) { } ["galleys"]=> array(1) { [0]=> object(ArticleGalley)#772 (7) { ["_submissionFile"]=> NULL ["_data"]=> array(9) { ["submissionFileId"]=> int(8020) ["id"]=> int(1958) ["isApproved"]=> bool(false) ["locale"]=> string(5) "hu_HU" ["label"]=> string(3) "PDF" ["publicationId"]=> int(2818) ["seq"]=> int(0) ["urlPath"]=> string(0) "" ["urlRemote"]=> string(0) "" } ["_hasLoadableAdapters"]=> bool(true) ["_metadataExtractionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_extractionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataInjectionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_injectionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) } } } ["_hasLoadableAdapters"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataExtractionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_extractionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataInjectionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_injectionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) }A differenciált hatáskör-telepítés eszközének alkalmazása a magyar önkormányzati rendszerben 1990 után
The paper concerns with the different delegated authorities for local governments by Parliament in Hungary since 1990. In 1990, after the fall communism a system of democratic local governments was established. The Hungarian Parliament set up a fragmented model, the so-called “one settlement one local government”, which means every Hungarian settlement has got a self-governing authority. The main issue is that since 1990 the legislative power has not differentiated between villages and towns in terms of competences. My research comprises of three elements: the functional capacity shortage of Hungarian local governments, the practice of delegated authorities in the last quarter century and legislative changes after 2010. I would like to give a complex policy evaluation for the readers concerning the institutional experiences of local governments in the last quarter century.
" } ["copyrightHolder"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" ["hu_HU"]=> string(0) "" } ["prefix"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" ["hu_HU"]=> string(0) "" } ["subtitle"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" ["hu_HU"]=> string(0) "" } ["title"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" ["hu_HU"]=> string(113) "A differenciált hatáskör-telepítés eszközének alkalmazása a magyar önkormányzati rendszerben 1990 után" } ["locale"]=> string(5) "hu_HU" ["authors"]=> array(1) { [0]=> object(Author)#745 (6) { ["_data"]=> array(15) { ["id"]=> int(3175) ["email"]=> string(19) "noreply@ludovika.hu" ["includeInBrowse"]=> bool(true) ["publicationId"]=> int(2820) ["seq"]=> int(1) ["userGroupId"]=> int(235) ["country"]=> string(2) "HU" ["orcid"]=> string(0) "" ["url"]=> string(0) "" ["affiliation"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" ["hu_HU"]=> string(0) "" } ["biography"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" ["hu_HU"]=> string(0) "" } ["familyName"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" ["hu_HU"]=> string(6) "Szabó" } ["givenName"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" ["hu_HU"]=> string(6) "Tamás" } ["preferredPublicName"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" ["hu_HU"]=> string(0) "" } ["submissionLocale"]=> string(5) "hu_HU" } ["_hasLoadableAdapters"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataExtractionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_extractionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataInjectionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_injectionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) } } ["keywords"]=> array(1) { ["hu_HU"]=> array(2) { [0]=> string(17) "local governments" [1]=> string(20) "Hungarian Parliament" } } ["subjects"]=> array(0) { } ["disciplines"]=> array(0) { } ["languages"]=> array(0) { } ["supportingAgencies"]=> array(0) { } ["galleys"]=> array(1) { [0]=> object(ArticleGalley)#788 (7) { ["_submissionFile"]=> NULL ["_data"]=> array(9) { ["submissionFileId"]=> int(8027) ["id"]=> int(1962) ["isApproved"]=> bool(false) ["locale"]=> string(5) "hu_HU" ["label"]=> string(3) "PDF" ["publicationId"]=> int(2820) ["seq"]=> int(0) ["urlPath"]=> string(0) "" ["urlRemote"]=> string(0) "" } ["_hasLoadableAdapters"]=> bool(true) ["_metadataExtractionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_extractionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataInjectionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_injectionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) } } } ["_hasLoadableAdapters"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataExtractionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_extractionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataInjectionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_injectionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) }The new Public Procurement Directives call attention to the exclusion causes of chief officers, managers of economic operators. The former rules also mentioned the examination of individuals; however, the approach of the new Directives increases worries for data protection. Our article aims to explore these worries and problems stemming from the lack of harmonization of the Public Procurement and Data Protection Directives with respect to the actuality of the European Single Procurement Document on data protection of individuals on grounds of exclusion.
" } ["copyrightHolder"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" ["hu_HU"]=> string(0) "" } ["prefix"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" ["hu_HU"]=> string(0) "" } ["subtitle"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" ["hu_HU"]=> string(0) "" } ["title"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" ["hu_HU"]=> string(41) "Adatvédelem és közbeszerzés határán" } ["locale"]=> string(5) "hu_HU" ["authors"]=> array(2) { [0]=> object(Author)#792 (6) { ["_data"]=> array(15) { ["id"]=> int(3197) ["email"]=> string(19) "noreply@ludovika.hu" ["includeInBrowse"]=> bool(true) ["publicationId"]=> int(2828) ["seq"]=> int(2) ["userGroupId"]=> int(235) ["country"]=> string(2) "HU" ["orcid"]=> string(0) "" ["url"]=> string(0) "" ["affiliation"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" ["hu_HU"]=> string(0) "" } ["biography"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" ["hu_HU"]=> string(0) "" } ["familyName"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" ["hu_HU"]=> string(7) "Tátrai" } ["givenName"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" ["hu_HU"]=> string(6) "Tünde" } ["preferredPublicName"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" ["hu_HU"]=> string(0) "" } ["submissionLocale"]=> string(5) "hu_HU" } ["_hasLoadableAdapters"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataExtractionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_extractionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataInjectionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_injectionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) } [1]=> object(Author)#116 (6) { ["_data"]=> array(15) { ["id"]=> int(3198) ["email"]=> string(19) "noreply@ludovika.hu" ["includeInBrowse"]=> bool(true) ["publicationId"]=> int(2828) ["seq"]=> int(2) ["userGroupId"]=> int(235) ["country"]=> string(2) "HU" ["orcid"]=> string(0) "" ["url"]=> string(0) "" ["affiliation"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" ["hu_HU"]=> string(0) "" } ["biography"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" ["hu_HU"]=> string(0) "" } ["familyName"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" ["hu_HU"]=> string(6) "Dudás" } ["givenName"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" ["hu_HU"]=> string(6) "Gábor" } ["preferredPublicName"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" ["hu_HU"]=> string(0) "" } ["submissionLocale"]=> string(5) "hu_HU" } ["_hasLoadableAdapters"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataExtractionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_extractionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataInjectionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_injectionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) } } ["keywords"]=> array(1) { ["hu_HU"]=> array(2) { [0]=> string(15) "Data Protection" [1]=> string(18) "Public Procurement" } } ["subjects"]=> array(0) { } ["disciplines"]=> array(0) { } ["languages"]=> array(0) { } ["supportingAgencies"]=> array(0) { } ["galleys"]=> array(1) { [0]=> object(ArticleGalley)#764 (7) { ["_submissionFile"]=> NULL ["_data"]=> array(9) { ["submissionFileId"]=> int(8050) ["id"]=> int(1974) ["isApproved"]=> bool(false) ["locale"]=> string(5) "hu_HU" ["label"]=> string(3) "PDF" ["publicationId"]=> int(2828) ["seq"]=> int(0) ["urlPath"]=> string(0) "" ["urlRemote"]=> string(0) "" } ["_hasLoadableAdapters"]=> bool(true) ["_metadataExtractionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_extractionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataInjectionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_injectionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) } } } ["_hasLoadableAdapters"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataExtractionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_extractionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataInjectionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_injectionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) }Between 15 June and 15 August 2015, the Curia of Hungary rendered important decisions in respect of the following fundamental rights issues: right to respect for one’s home [Article VI, paragraph (1) of the Fundamental Law], right to the protection of one’s personal data [Article VI, paragraph (2) of the Fundamental Law], freedom of expression [Article IX, paragraph (1) of the Fundamental Law], freedom of scientific research [Article X, paragraph (2) of the Fundamental Law], right to property [Article XIII, paragraph (1) of the Fundamental Law], prohibition of discrimination [Article XV, paragraph (2) of the Fundamental Law] and right to a fair trial [Article XXVIII, paragraph (1) of the Fundamental Law].
" } ["copyrightHolder"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" ["hu_HU"]=> string(0) "" } ["prefix"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" ["hu_HU"]=> string(0) "" } ["subtitle"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" ["hu_HU"]=> string(0) "" } ["title"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(24) "A Kúria gyakorlatából" ["hu_HU"]=> string(24) "A Kúria gyakorlatából" } ["locale"]=> string(5) "hu_HU" ["authors"]=> array(1) { [0]=> object(Author)#791 (6) { ["_data"]=> array(15) { ["id"]=> int(3202) ["email"]=> string(19) "noreply@ludovika.hu" ["includeInBrowse"]=> bool(true) ["publicationId"]=> int(2838) ["seq"]=> int(4) ["userGroupId"]=> int(235) ["country"]=> string(2) "HU" ["orcid"]=> string(0) "" ["url"]=> string(0) "" ["affiliation"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" ["hu_HU"]=> string(0) "" } ["biography"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" ["hu_HU"]=> string(0) "" } ["familyName"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" ["hu_HU"]=> string(6) "Berkes" } ["givenName"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" ["hu_HU"]=> string(7) "Bálint" } ["preferredPublicName"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" ["hu_HU"]=> string(0) "" } ["submissionLocale"]=> string(5) "hu_HU" } ["_hasLoadableAdapters"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataExtractionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_extractionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataInjectionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_injectionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) } } ["keywords"]=> array(1) { ["hu_HU"]=> array(2) { [0]=> string(5) "Curia" [1]=> string(15) "Fundamental Law" } } ["subjects"]=> array(0) { } ["disciplines"]=> array(0) { } ["languages"]=> array(0) { } ["supportingAgencies"]=> array(0) { } ["galleys"]=> array(1) { [0]=> object(ArticleGalley)#800 (7) { ["_submissionFile"]=> NULL ["_data"]=> array(9) { ["submissionFileId"]=> int(8058) ["id"]=> int(1978) ["isApproved"]=> bool(false) ["locale"]=> string(5) "hu_HU" ["label"]=> string(3) "PDF" ["publicationId"]=> int(2838) ["seq"]=> int(0) ["urlPath"]=> string(0) "" ["urlRemote"]=> string(0) "" } ["_hasLoadableAdapters"]=> bool(true) ["_metadataExtractionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_extractionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataInjectionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_injectionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) } } } ["_hasLoadableAdapters"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataExtractionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_extractionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataInjectionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_injectionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) }The Constitutional Court (CC) decided 77 cases between 21 June and 20 September, most of them (60) in 5-member chambers. There were 8 decisions that found a body of law unconstitutional. The decisions reached in plenary session were rarely unanimous: out of the 17 cases only 2 were reached without any dissenting opinions. One decision found an act unconstitutional. According to the legislation the double surname was allowed to be registered with hyphen even when the double surname was not the result of marriage. According to Hungarian grammar there are two types of double surname: one which is a result of marriage and it is written with hyphen. The other type used to indicate the connection to a certain territory or town beside the second surname and is written without a hyphen (usually when a noble family had more properties in different parts of the country and later the different branches of the family used the name of the property they owned to differentiate themselves form the other branches within the family). After a regulation in 1952 the communist state forbade the registration of the second type of double surname and double surnames without hyphen were not allowed. As a result of the 1952 regulation two brothers born two years apart had different surnames, one with the other one without hyphen. This was the particular case in connection with which a judge turned to the CC. The CC found that the legislation in question is unconstitutional, because it puts unnecessary restriction on a person’s name (by changing the traditional name of the family). The state has mainly registered tasks with birth certificate and it can regulate how a name is written according to this task. The state can also restrict the right to name in defence of one’s dignity. But in this case none of the above applies, therefore the law is unconstitutional.
In another case the CC ruled it unconstitutional that the 1952 Act on Civil Procedure does not regulate how (in what format) a court of last instance should reject a motion to turn to ECJ suggested by at least one of the parties concerned in a civil procedure. According to the CC it violates the right to fair trial.
The CC found it also against fair trial and the right to property that an act of parliament (on land property) failed to rule on compensation and possible procedure in connection with those long term (20 year) leases this same act annulled.
The CC also made a decision in connection with the right to assembly. A (basically far right) movement notified the police on its public assembly – in compliance with the 1989 Act on Freedom of Assembly – approx. one year prior to its planned date. The police denied its assent due to “possible severe danger”. The court later ruled the notification was untimely but the movement can notify the police some time later. The CC ruled the court’s decision is unconstitutional because it contradicts the Act on Freedom of Assembly and the Act on Civil Procedure. This contradiction is so severe it also violates the right to fair trial. The CC also mentioned that it raised questions whether the court with its ruling created a new restriction on the right to assembly. However, the CC decided not to answer this question (and only answered the question).
" } ["copyrightHolder"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" ["hu_HU"]=> string(0) "" } ["prefix"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" ["hu_HU"]=> string(0) "" } ["subtitle"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" ["hu_HU"]=> string(0) "" } ["title"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" ["hu_HU"]=> string(80) "Az Alkotmánybíróság döntései 2015. június 21. és szeptember 20. között" } ["locale"]=> string(5) "hu_HU" ["authors"]=> array(1) { [0]=> object(Author)#799 (6) { ["_data"]=> array(15) { ["id"]=> int(3206) ["email"]=> string(19) "noreply@ludovika.hu" ["includeInBrowse"]=> bool(true) ["publicationId"]=> int(2839) ["seq"]=> int(5) ["userGroupId"]=> int(235) ["country"]=> string(2) "HU" ["orcid"]=> string(0) "" ["url"]=> string(0) "" ["affiliation"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" ["hu_HU"]=> string(0) "" } ["biography"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" ["hu_HU"]=> string(0) "" } ["familyName"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" ["hu_HU"]=> string(7) "Kovács" } ["givenName"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" ["hu_HU"]=> string(6) "Virág" } ["preferredPublicName"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" ["hu_HU"]=> string(0) "" } ["submissionLocale"]=> string(5) "hu_HU" } ["_hasLoadableAdapters"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataExtractionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_extractionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataInjectionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_injectionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) } } ["keywords"]=> array(1) { ["hu_HU"]=> array(2) { [0]=> string(20) "Constitutional Court" [1]=> string(22) "Act on Civil Procedure" } } ["subjects"]=> array(0) { } ["disciplines"]=> array(0) { } ["languages"]=> array(0) { } ["supportingAgencies"]=> array(0) { } ["galleys"]=> array(1) { [0]=> object(ArticleGalley)#801 (7) { ["_submissionFile"]=> NULL ["_data"]=> array(9) { ["submissionFileId"]=> int(8064) ["id"]=> int(1981) ["isApproved"]=> bool(false) ["locale"]=> string(5) "hu_HU" ["label"]=> string(3) "PDF" ["publicationId"]=> int(2839) ["seq"]=> int(0) ["urlPath"]=> string(0) "" ["urlRemote"]=> string(0) "" } ["_hasLoadableAdapters"]=> bool(true) ["_metadataExtractionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_extractionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataInjectionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_injectionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) } } } ["_hasLoadableAdapters"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataExtractionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_extractionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataInjectionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_injectionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) }Etnikai származáson alapuló hátrányos megkülönböztetés az árukhoz és szolgáltatásokhoz való hozzáférés területén
Combatting discrimination against the Roma is one of the biggest challenges that several, mainly Central and Eastern European, countries currently face. Whilst a great deal of this discrimination concerns areas which EU law has nothing to do with, some of its forms occur in situations which clearly fall within the scope of this law. Article 21 of the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union prohibits any discrimination based, among others, on race, colour, ethnic or social origin. This general non-discrimination provision of the Charta applies to all areas of EU law regardless of whether certain matters are also subject to more specific rules.
Nevertheless, by adopting the Council Directive 2000/43/EC implementing the principle of equal treatment between persons irrespective of racial or ethnic origin, the EU legislator overtly prohibited any discrimination on the grounds of racial or ethnic origin in relation, inter alia, to employment and occupation, social security, healthcare, education as well as access to and supply of goods and services.
The Court of Justice recently ruled in a Bulgarian case that the installation by an electricity distribution company of electricity meters at an inaccessible height in a district densely populated by Roma constituted discrimination on the grounds of ethnic origin within the meaning of the Directive when such meters were installed in other districts at a normal height. The Court also made it clear that even if there had been abuse of the meters in that district, such a practice was disproportionate to and could therefore not be justified by the dual objective consisting in ensuring the security of the electricity transmission network and the due recording of electricity consumption. This case was the first in which the Court disapproved of a discriminative practice followed by an undertaking in detriment to the Roma. Only time will decide whether the Court will regularly be asked in the future to deal with cases relating to the discrimination of the Roma as it has already been asked many times to rule in matters in connection with the equal treatment of women, homosexuals or Muslims living in Western Europe.
" } ["copyrightHolder"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" ["hu_HU"]=> string(0) "" } ["prefix"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" ["hu_HU"]=> string(0) "" } ["subtitle"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" ["hu_HU"]=> string(0) "" } ["title"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" ["hu_HU"]=> string(131) "Etnikai származáson alapuló hátrányos megkülönböztetés az árukhoz és szolgáltatásokhoz való hozzáférés területén" } ["locale"]=> string(5) "hu_HU" ["authors"]=> array(1) { [0]=> object(Author)#773 (6) { ["_data"]=> array(15) { ["id"]=> int(3208) ["email"]=> string(19) "noreply@ludovika.hu" ["includeInBrowse"]=> bool(true) ["publicationId"]=> int(2842) ["seq"]=> int(6) ["userGroupId"]=> int(235) ["country"]=> string(2) "HU" ["orcid"]=> string(0) "" ["url"]=> string(0) "" ["affiliation"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" ["hu_HU"]=> string(0) "" } ["biography"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" ["hu_HU"]=> string(0) "" } ["familyName"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" ["hu_HU"]=> string(9) "Lehóczki" } ["givenName"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" ["hu_HU"]=> string(7) "Balázs" } ["preferredPublicName"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" ["hu_HU"]=> string(0) "" } ["submissionLocale"]=> string(5) "hu_HU" } ["_hasLoadableAdapters"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataExtractionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_extractionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataInjectionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_injectionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) } } ["keywords"]=> array(1) { ["hu_HU"]=> array(2) { [0]=> string(16) "Court of Justice" [1]=> string(13) "Ethnic origin" } } ["subjects"]=> array(0) { } ["disciplines"]=> array(0) { } ["languages"]=> array(0) { } ["supportingAgencies"]=> array(0) { } ["galleys"]=> array(1) { [0]=> object(ArticleGalley)#803 (7) { ["_submissionFile"]=> NULL ["_data"]=> array(9) { ["submissionFileId"]=> int(8069) ["id"]=> int(1983) ["isApproved"]=> bool(false) ["locale"]=> string(5) "hu_HU" ["label"]=> string(3) "PDF" ["publicationId"]=> int(2842) ["seq"]=> int(0) ["urlPath"]=> string(0) "" ["urlRemote"]=> string(0) "" } ["_hasLoadableAdapters"]=> bool(true) ["_metadataExtractionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_extractionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataInjectionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_injectionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) } } } ["_hasLoadableAdapters"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataExtractionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_extractionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataInjectionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_injectionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) }The high number of complaints concerning excessively long judicial proceedings in Hungary led the European Court of Human Rights to call for a remedy to that systemic problem in civil cases, following a similar judgment concerning criminal proceedings back in 2013. Beside that pilot judgment, another decision concerning the so-called “spy case” against former Hungarian intelligence chiefs will be given an account in the present review.
As regards cases against other countries, in the last period three Grand Chamber judgments, two of them concerning the Armenian-Azeri conflict in Nagorno-Karabakh and the third one the liability of content providers for user comments posted on their site, were of particular interest. Moreover, three other cases bringing about certain development in the interpretation and application of Articles 5 and 8 of the Convention will also be reported.
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