object(Publication)#697 (6) { ["_data"]=> array(27) { ["id"]=> int(1874) ["accessStatus"]=> int(0) ["datePublished"]=> string(10) "2016-04-30" ["lastModified"]=> string(19) "2021-11-17 16:01:53" ["sectionId"]=> int(38) ["seq"]=> int(0) ["submissionId"]=> int(1757) ["status"]=> int(3) ["version"]=> int(1) ["categoryIds"]=> array(0) { } ["citationsRaw"]=> string(0) "" ["copyrightYear"]=> int(2020) ["issueId"]=> int(130) ["licenseUrl"]=> string(42) "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0" ["pages"]=> string(4) "5-17" ["pub-id::doi"]=> string(23) "10.32565/aarms.2016.1.1" ["abstract"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(1135) "

We can hear about large scale forest fires in the media from several areas of the European Union almost every year. A large forest fire causes a serious impact on the environment, determining its future for decades. Prevention of forest fires is one of today’s most important tasks as well as appropriate preparedness for effective fighting against them. To do so, it is vital to have detailed knowledge on the characteristics of different forest types and their environment, their ecosystems and food-chains, and technical information on the properties of forest fires and their effects on the different elements of the environment and lessons learned from previous cases.
Based on gathered information of past events authors have provided a complete system of forest fire categories by their size, type, risks and consequences. We investigated the detailed impacts of forest fires on the different elements of the environment.
The content of this paper may help the work of the sylviculturists and other agrarian experts involved in the rehabilitation processes of forest ecosystems after large-scale forest fires.

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We can hear about large scale forest fires in the media from several areas of the European Union almost every year. A large forest fire causes a serious impact on the environment, determining its future for decades. Prevention of forest fires is one of today’s most important tasks as well as appropriate preparedness for effective fighting against them. To do so, it is vital to have detailed knowledge on the characteristics of different forest types and their environment, their ecosystems and food-chains, and technical information on the properties of forest fires and their effects on the different elements of the environment and lessons learned from previous cases.
Based on gathered information of past events authors have provided a complete system of forest fire categories by their size, type, risks and consequences. We investigated the detailed impacts of forest fires on the different elements of the environment.
The content of this paper may help the work of the sylviculturists and other agrarian experts involved in the rehabilitation processes of forest ecosystems after large-scale forest fires.

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Single photon communication (SPC) already exists in several applications in laboratory and even outdoor conditions. In the field of quantum cryptography SPC experiments are part of military applications too. There are several methods to detect every single impacting photon in such an experiment. Mostly photomultiplier tubes (PMT) are used. In some cases single photon avalanche diodes (SPAD) are more suitable for photon detection. Both the SPADs and PMTs have advantages and disadvantages. Usually PMTs have much larger detection areas than SPADs, but most of the PMTs detection efficiency peaks at 400 nm wavelength compared to the SPADs, where it peaks at 600–700 nm wavelength. For long distance laser measurements the higher wavelength is more suitable due to the Rayleigh scattering, but the detection hole of SPAD is very tight, which is why it is really hard to target the laser punctually without an optical gyroscope.

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Single photon communication (SPC) already exists in several applications in laboratory and even outdoor conditions. In the field of quantum cryptography SPC experiments are part of military applications too. There are several methods to detect every single impacting photon in such an experiment. Mostly photomultiplier tubes (PMT) are used. In some cases single photon avalanche diodes (SPAD) are more suitable for photon detection. Both the SPADs and PMTs have advantages and disadvantages. Usually PMTs have much larger detection areas than SPADs, but most of the PMTs detection efficiency peaks at 400 nm wavelength compared to the SPADs, where it peaks at 600–700 nm wavelength. For long distance laser measurements the higher wavelength is more suitable due to the Rayleigh scattering, but the detection hole of SPAD is very tight, which is why it is really hard to target the laser punctually without an optical gyroscope.

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The paper wants to present the work done during the management of major floods and inland waters in Hungary ten years ago, in the year of 2006, to safeguard the population, and the measures taken during the protection activities. It was very important for everybody who had responsibility for the operational control of the response to disasters and emergencies in Hungary (floods, inland waters, extreme weather conditions, to simply say: the range of natural and man-made disasters), especially for the population living along the Danube and Tisza Rivers.

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The paper wants to present the work done during the management of major floods and inland waters in Hungary ten years ago, in the year of 2006, to safeguard the population, and the measures taken during the protection activities. It was very important for everybody who had responsibility for the operational control of the response to disasters and emergencies in Hungary (floods, inland waters, extreme weather conditions, to simply say: the range of natural and man-made disasters), especially for the population living along the Danube and Tisza Rivers.

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Anhydrous ammonia is widely used in industry (chemical industry, refrigeration technology) and it is produced, transported and used in large quantities. From the viewpoint of industrial safety, this material is essential as it is present within the area of almost every branch office of disaster management. It is a statistical fact that the number of major industrial accidents involving ammonia has not declined. The purpose of this paper is to offer a professional summary and resolution for operative professionals and decision-makers on this topic. Therefore, the closely related issues are described together with the possible solutions. This paper is the second part of a series of articles.

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Anhydrous ammonia is widely used in industry (chemical industry, refrigeration technology) and it is produced, transported and used in large quantities. From the viewpoint of industrial safety, this material is essential as it is present within the area of almost every branch office of disaster management. It is a statistical fact that the number of major industrial accidents involving ammonia has not declined. The purpose of this paper is to offer a professional summary and resolution for operative professionals and decision-makers on this topic. Therefore, the closely related issues are described together with the possible solutions. This paper is the second part of a series of articles.

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object(Publication)#118 (6) { ["_data"]=> array(29) { ["id"]=> int(1975) ["accessStatus"]=> int(0) ["datePublished"]=> string(10) "2016-04-30" ["lastModified"]=> string(19) "2021-11-17 16:03:34" ["sectionId"]=> int(38) ["seq"]=> int(4) ["submissionId"]=> int(1856) ["status"]=> int(3) ["version"]=> int(1) ["categoryIds"]=> array(0) { } ["citationsRaw"]=> string(0) "" ["copyrightYear"]=> int(2020) ["issueId"]=> int(130) ["licenseUrl"]=> string(42) "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0" ["pages"]=> string(5) "51-59" ["pub-id::doi"]=> string(23) "10.32565/aarms.2016.1.5" ["abstract"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(675) "

Thanks to the developing sensor technology in mobile robot navigation and obstacle avoidance there are new and affordable solutions which can be used to accomplish smooth, safe and reliable robot movement in an indoor environment. A laser scanner is a commonly used sensor for detecting obstacles as well as for navigation, but a laser scanner is unable to detect all the different obstacles and terrain features by itself. In this article complementary sensors are examined, on a real mobile robot platform. Communication between the sensors and the controller and the basic control possibilities are also discussed. Finally, an advertising mobile robot is described.

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Thanks to the developing sensor technology in mobile robot navigation and obstacle avoidance there are new and affordable solutions which can be used to accomplish smooth, safe and reliable robot movement in an indoor environment. A laser scanner is a commonly used sensor for detecting obstacles as well as for navigation, but a laser scanner is unable to detect all the different obstacles and terrain features by itself. In this article complementary sensors are examined, on a real mobile robot platform. Communication between the sensors and the controller and the basic control possibilities are also discussed. Finally, an advertising mobile robot is described.

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The development, acquisition and deployment of cyber weapons is becoming a routine activity of national military and law enforcement communities. This leads to a demand to introduce new strategic and regulatory regimes based on solid legal and policy structures. However, technical and legal experts face several complications when trying to meet these demands. The article gives a cursory overview of the particular difficulties and potential pathways to a solution with regard to cyber weapons use. Special attention is devoted to the international efforts involving Hungary.

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The development, acquisition and deployment of cyber weapons is becoming a routine activity of national military and law enforcement communities. This leads to a demand to introduce new strategic and regulatory regimes based on solid legal and policy structures. However, technical and legal experts face several complications when trying to meet these demands. The article gives a cursory overview of the particular difficulties and potential pathways to a solution with regard to cyber weapons use. Special attention is devoted to the international efforts involving Hungary.

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object(Publication)#763 (6) { ["_data"]=> array(29) { ["id"]=> int(1992) ["accessStatus"]=> int(0) ["datePublished"]=> string(10) "2016-04-30" ["lastModified"]=> string(19) "2021-11-17 16:04:23" ["sectionId"]=> int(38) ["seq"]=> int(6) ["submissionId"]=> int(1873) ["status"]=> int(3) ["version"]=> int(1) ["categoryIds"]=> array(0) { } ["citationsRaw"]=> string(0) "" ["copyrightYear"]=> int(2020) ["issueId"]=> int(130) ["licenseUrl"]=> string(42) "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0" ["pages"]=> string(5) "75-83" ["pub-id::doi"]=> string(23) "10.32565/aarms.2016.1.7" ["abstract"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(455) "

The article presents the results of natural science research on plant and animal communities in the military training area Záhorie. Nineteen habitats of Community Interest and six habitats of National Interest have been recorded in the area. The paper underlines the importance of the existing military training areas and military activities for biodiversity conservation, and also notes the need to implement measures to rescue valuable habitats.

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The article presents the results of natural science research on plant and animal communities in the military training area Záhorie. Nineteen habitats of Community Interest and six habitats of National Interest have been recorded in the area. The paper underlines the importance of the existing military training areas and military activities for biodiversity conservation, and also notes the need to implement measures to rescue valuable habitats.

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object(Publication)#785 (6) { ["_data"]=> array(27) { ["id"]=> int(2021) ["accessStatus"]=> int(0) ["datePublished"]=> string(10) "2016-04-30" ["lastModified"]=> string(19) "2021-11-17 16:05:05" ["sectionId"]=> int(38) ["seq"]=> int(7) ["submissionId"]=> int(1902) ["status"]=> int(3) ["version"]=> int(1) ["categoryIds"]=> array(0) { } ["citationsRaw"]=> string(0) "" ["copyrightYear"]=> int(2020) ["issueId"]=> int(130) ["licenseUrl"]=> string(42) "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0" ["pages"]=> string(5) "85-92" ["pub-id::doi"]=> string(23) "10.32565/aarms.2016.1.8" ["abstract"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(950) "

It is commonly known that firefighting is very expensive solution; therefore it isn’t useless to study it by the criteria of efficiency. But the meaning of efficiency for fire managers can be different from the meaning of efficiency for economists. From an economic viewpoint, it is stricter than from a technical view. Method: this research used geometric aspects of the fire spread created rectangular and concentric circles models and used basic mathematic calculations and logical conclusions. Results and discussion: The rectangular model shows the criteria of economic efficiency of firefighting. Moreover, the results from rectangular model can be transferred also to the section of concentric circles model. Based on the concentric circle model we can define both the economic efficiency of fighting forest fire and minimal criteria of successful suppression expressed by the elementary information we have regarding the actual fire.

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It is commonly known that firefighting is very expensive solution; therefore it isn’t useless to study it by the criteria of efficiency. But the meaning of efficiency for fire managers can be different from the meaning of efficiency for economists. From an economic viewpoint, it is stricter than from a technical view. Method: this research used geometric aspects of the fire spread created rectangular and concentric circles models and used basic mathematic calculations and logical conclusions. Results and discussion: The rectangular model shows the criteria of economic efficiency of firefighting. Moreover, the results from rectangular model can be transferred also to the section of concentric circles model. Based on the concentric circle model we can define both the economic efficiency of fighting forest fire and minimal criteria of successful suppression expressed by the elementary information we have regarding the actual fire.

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