Hol tartunk most? Átmenet az Ipar 4.0-ból az Ipar 5.0-ba
Copyright (c) 2025 Fási Csaba, Szűcs Petra
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Absztrakt
Az Ipar 4.0-ból az Ipar 5.0-ba való átmenet az ipari paradigmák jelentős fejlődését jelenti, amelyet az emberközpontú megközelítések és a fenntarthatóság fokozódó integrálása jellemez technológiai és szervezeti kereteken belül. Míg az ipari forradalmak történelmileg hosszú időszakokra terjedtek ki, az elmúlt évtizedekben a fejlődés felgyorsult, ami az Ipar 4.0-tól az Ipar 5.0-ig tartó gyors fejlődéshez vezetett. Az Ipar 4.0 a gyártási folyamatok digitális átalakítására összpontosított a fokozott automatizálás, összekapcsolhatóság és adatcsere révén, olyan technológiák felhasználásával, mint a tárgyak internete (IoT), a kiberfizikai rendszerek (CPS) és a mesterséges intelligencia (AI). Ezzel szemben az Ipar 5.0 az emberi intelligencia és az intelligens gépek harmonikus integrációjára helyezi a hangsúlyt, amelynek célja az emberi jólét és termelékenység növelése az együttműködésen alapuló és fenntartható gyakorlatok révén. E tanulmány célja, hogy átfogó áttekintést nyújtson mind az Ipar 4.0, mind az Ipar 5.0 meghatározó jellemzőiről, kiemelve technológiai újításaikat, társadalmi hatásaikat, valamint a befogadóbb, alkalmazkodóbb és környezettudatosabb ipari folyamatok irányába történő elmozdulást.
Kulcsszavak:
Hivatkozások
ACEMOGLU, Daron – AUTOR, David (2011): Skills, Tasks and Technologies: Implications for Employment and Earnings. Handbook of Labor Economics, 4(B), 1043–1171. Online: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-7218(11)02410-5
ACEMOGLU, Daron – RESTREPO, Pascual (2020): Robots and Jobs: Evidence from US Labor Markets. Journal of Political Economy, 128(6), 2188–2244. Online: https://doi.org/10.1086/705716
Agenda 2030. Online: https://ensz.kormany.hu/agenda-2030
AKUNDI, Aditya et al. (2022): State of Industry 5.0 – Analysis and Identification of Current Research Trends. Applied System Innovation, 5(1), 27. Online: https://doi.org/10.3390/asi5010027
ALVES, Joel – LIMA, Tânia M. – GASPAR, Pedro D. (2023): Is Industry 5.0 a Human-Centred Approach? A Systematic Review. Processes, 11(1), 193. Online: https://doi.org/10.3390/pr11010193
BANKINS, Sarah – FORMOSA, Paul (2023): The Ethical Implications of Artificial Intelligence (AI) For Meaningful Work. Journal of Business Ethics, 185, 725–740. Online: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-023-05339-7
BLINDER, Alan S. (2006): Offshoring: The Next Industrial Revolution? Foreign Affairs, 85(2), 113–128. Online: https://doi.org/10.2307/20031915
BREQUE, Maija – DE NUL, Lars – PETRIDIS, Athanasios (2021): Industry 5.0. Towards a Sustainable, Humancentric and Resilient European Industry. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union. Online: https://doi.org/10.2777/308407
BRETTEL, Malte et al. (2014): How Virtualization, Decentralization and Network Building Change the Manufacturing Landscape: An Industry 4.0 Perspective. International Journal of Mechanical, Aerospace, Industrial, Mechatronic and Manufacturing Engineering, 8(1), 37–44. Online: https://doi.org/10.5281/ZENODO.1336426
CIOBANU, Alexandru C. – MEȘNIȚĂ, Gabriela (2022): AI Ethics for Industry 5.0 – From Principles to Practice. Proceedings of the Workshop of I-ESA ’22. Online: https://ceur-ws.org/Vol-3214/WS5Paper2.pdf
DECKER, Michael – FISCHER, Martin – OTT, Ingrid (2017): Service Robotics and Human Labor: A First Technology Assessment of Substitution and Cooperation. Robotics and Autonomous Systems, 87, 348–354. Online: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.robot.2016.09.017
European Commission (2020): Making Europe’s Businesses Future-Ready: A New Industrial Strategy for a Globally Competitive, Green and Digital Europe. Online: https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/ip_20_416
FÁSI, Csaba (2019): Competitiveness Studies – The Digital Preparedness of the Hungarian Public Service. JURA, 25(2), 264–274. Online: https://real.mtak.hu/158464/1/JURA_2019_2.pdf
FÁSI Csaba (2023): A körforgásos gazdaság és a gazdasági zöld átállás helyzetének felmérése az Európai Unióban. In CSATH Magdolna (szerk.): A körforgásos gazdaság, mint fenntarthatósági fogalom: szakirodalmi áttekintés, hazai helyzetkép című gazdasági alprojekt. Budapest: Pázmány Péter Katolikus Egyetem (PPKE), 116–130.
FRANK, Alejandro G. – DALENOGARE, Lucas S. – AYALA, Néstor F. (2019): Industry 4.0 Technologies: Implementation Patterns in Manufacturing Companies. International Journal of Production Economics, 210, 15–26. Online: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpe.2019.01.004
GEISSDOERFER, Martin et al. (2017): The Circular Economy – A New Sustainability Paradigm? Journal of Cleaner Production, 143, 757–768. Online: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.12.048
GOLDIN, Claudia – KATZ, Lawrence F. (2008): The Race Between Education and Technology. Harvard: Harvard University Press. Online: https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvjf9x5x
GOOS, Maarten – MANNING, Alan (2007): Lousy and Lovely Jobs: The Rising Polarization of Work in Britain. The Review of Economics and Statistics, 89(1), 118–133. Online: https://doi.org/10.1162/rest.89.1.118
HAHN, Gerd J. (2020): Industry 4.0: A Supply Chain Innovation Perspective. International Journal of Production Research, 58(5), 1425–1441. Online: https://doi.org/10.1080/00207543.2019.1641642
HOFMANN, Erik – RÜSCH, Marco (2017): Industry 4.0 and the Current Status as Well as Future Prospects on Logistics. Computers in Industry, 89, 23–34. Online: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compind.2017.04.002
IVANOV, Dmitry (2023): The Industry 5.0 Framework: Viability-Based Integration of the Resilience, Sustainability, and Human-Centricity Perspectives. International Journal of Production Research, 61(5), 1683–1695. Online: https://doi.org/10.1080/00207543.2022.2118892
JACK, William – SURI, Tavneet (2011): Mobile Money: The Economics of M-PESA. NBER Working Paper, 16721. Online: https://doi.org/10.3386/w16721
JOHRI, Prashant et al. (2021): Sustainability of Coexistence of Humans and Machines: An Evolution of Industry 5.0 from Industry 4.0. 2021 10th International Conference on System Modeling & Advancement in Research Trends (SMART), 410–414. Online: https://doi.org/10.1109/SMART52563.2021.9676275
KAGERMANN, Henning – WAHLSTER, Wolfgang – HELBIG, Johannes (2013): Recommendations for Implementing the Strategic Initiative Industrie 4.0. Final Report of the Industrie 4.0 Working Group. Online: https://bit.ly/43yLlmW
KOWALKIEWICZ, Marek – DOOTSON, Paula (2019): Government 5.0: The Future of Public Services. Brisbane: Chair in Digital Economy. Online: https://eprints.qut.edu.au/133743/1/Report-Government-5.0.pdf
MADDIKUNTA, Praveen et al. (2021): Industry 5.0: A Survey on Enabling Technologies and Potential Applications. Journal of Industrial Information Integration, 26(2), 100257. Online: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jii.2021.100257
MICHALOS, George et al. (2015): Design Considerations for Safe Human-Robot Collaborative Workplaces. Procedia CIRP, 37, 248–253. Online: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procir.2015.08.014
MOURTZIS, Dimitris – ANGELOPOULOS, John – PANOPOULOS, Nikos (2022): A Literature Review of the Challenges and Opportunities of the Transition from Industry 4.0 to Society 5.0. Energies, 15(17), 6276. Online: https://doi.org/10.3390/en15176276
MRUGALSKA, Beata – WYRWICKA, Magdalena K. (2017): Towards Lean Production in Industry 4.0. Procedia Engineering, 182, 466–473. Online: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2017.03.135
NAHAVANDI, Saeid (2019): Industry 5.0 – A Human-Centric Solution. Sustainability, 11(16), 4371. Online: https://doi.org/10.3390/su11164371
NORRIS, Pippa (2001): Digital Divide. Civic Engagement, Information Poverty, and the Internet Worldwide. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Online:
https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139164887
OLSEN, Tava – TOMLIN, Brian (2019): Industry 4.0: Opportunities and Challenges for Operations Management. Tuck School of Business Working Paper, 3365733. Online: https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3365733
POPKOVA, Elena G. – RAGULINA, Yulia V. – BOGOVIZ, Aleksei V. (2019): Fundamental Differences of Transition to Industry 4.0 from Previous Industrial Revolutions. In POPKOVA, Elena G. – RAGULINA, Yulia V. – BOGOVIZ, Aleksei V. (szerk.): Industry 4.0: Industrial Revolution of the 21st Century. Cham: Springer, 21–29. Online: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-94310-7_3
QIN, Jian – LIU, Ying – GROSVENOR, Roger (2016): A Categorical Framework of Manufacturing for Industry 4.0 and Beyond. Procedia CIRP, 52, 173–178. Online: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procir.2016.08.005
SACHS, Jeffrey D. (2005): The End of Poverty. Economic Possibilities for Our Time. New York: The Penguin Press.
SCHOITSCH, Erwin (2020): Towards a Resilient Society – Technology 5.0, Risks and Ethics. IDIMT 2020, Proceedings, 403–412. Online: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4000985
SCHUMACHER, A. – EROL, S. – SIHN, W. (2016): A Maturity Model for Assessing Industry 4.0 Readiness and Maturity of Manufacturing Enterprises. Procedia CIRP, 52, 161–166. Online: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procir.2016.07.040
SCHUMPETER, Joseph A. (1942): Capitalism, Socialism and Democracy. New York: Harper & Brothers.
SCHWAB, Klaus (2016): The Fourth Industrial Revolution: What It Means, How to Respond. World Economic Forum, 2016. január 14. Online: https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2016/01/the-fourth-industrial-revolution-what-it-means-and-how-to-respond/
UNESCO (2023): Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in Education. Online: https://learningportal.iiep.unesco.org/en/issue-briefs/improve-learning/information-and-communication-technology-ict-in-education
WANG, Shiyong – WAN, Jiafu – LI, Di – ZHANG, Chunhua (2016): Implementing Smart Factory of Industrie 4.0: An Outlook. International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks, (4), 1–10. Online: https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/3159805
World Bank (2016): World Development Report 2016. Digital Dividends. Online: https://doi.org/10.1596/978-1-4648-0671-1
ZIZIC, Marina et al. (2022): From Industry 4.0 towards Industry 5.0: A Review and Analysis of Paradigm Shift for the People, Organization and Technology. Energies, 15(14), 5221. Online: https://doi.org/10.3390/en15145221
