OECD Guidelines on Corporate Governance of State-Owned Enterprises from Hungarian State-Owned Enterprises’ Point of View
The OECD regularly monitors and analyses the activities of economic operators and draws up recommendations in order to provide the OECD Member States with existing suggestions based on several decades of experience.
The OECD developed recommendations on the issue of responsible corporate governance systems and suggested some principles for the effective, transparent and responsible operation of state-owned enterprises for the first time in 2005. In these principles, the OECD made suggestions on how the state should conduct itself as regards the exercise of state proprietary rights in order to make it the most appropriate.
The OECD regularly monitors and analyses the activities of economic operators and draws up recommendations in order to provide the OECD Member States with existing suggestions based on several decades of experience.
The OECD developed recommendations on the issue of responsible corporate governance systems and suggested some principles for the effective, transparent and responsible operation of state-owned enterprises for the first time in 2005. In these principles, the OECD made suggestions on how the state should conduct itself as regards the exercise of state proprietary rights in order to make it the most appropriate.
From the development to the comprehension of the regulation it is necessary to ascertain, in our view, the subject of the regulation is the operation of the company. The regulation regulates the problems arising specifically during the course of the operation of the company, as an “ex ante” tool and by the avoidance of that upon the cessation of the public company, any unjustified or inconceivable costs (social costs) should rise. As an example, there are the infamous earlier corporate scandals (Enron, Parmalat, Vivendi Universal), the infringements of which drew critical social (budget) costs, as they left behind unsettled creditors’ claims, and plenty of workplaces were terminated, etc. To prevent this, one of the techniques is corporate governance, as it focuses on such mechanisms during the course of the operation of the company as direction and control. With this, the cessation of the company can presumably be avoided, as it is publicly acknowledged that the majority of corporate scandals descend from the faults of leadership, direction and control. Based on the above, we may ascertain that in our perception, under “corporate governance” it is the legal facts or interests relevant in the course of the operation of the company that become regulated in terms of corporate law.
" ["hu_HU"]=> string(1316) "From the development to the comprehension of the regulation it is necessary to ascertain, in our view, the subject of the regulation is the operation of the company. The regulation regulates the problems arising specifically during the course of the operation of the company, as an “ex ante” tool and by the avoidance of that upon the cessation of the public company, any unjustified or inconceivable costs (social costs) should rise. As an example, there are the infamous earlier corporate scandals (Enron, Parmalat, Vivendi Universal), the infringements of which drew critical social (budget) costs, as they left behind unsettled creditors’ claims, and plenty of workplaces were terminated, etc. To prevent this, one of the techniques is corporate governance, as it focuses on such mechanisms during the course of the operation of the company as direction and control. With this, the cessation of the company can presumably be avoided, as it is publicly acknowledged that the majority of corporate scandals descend from the faults of leadership, direction and control. Based on the above, we may ascertain that in our perception, under “corporate governance” it is the legal facts or interests relevant in the course of the operation of the company that become regulated in terms of corporate law.
" } ["copyrightHolder"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" ["hu_HU"]=> string(0) "" } ["prefix"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" ["hu_HU"]=> string(0) "" } ["subtitle"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" ["hu_HU"]=> string(0) "" } ["title"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(56) "Corporate Governance in State-Owned Companies in Hungary" ["hu_HU"]=> string(56) "Corporate Governance in State-Owned Companies in Hungary" } ["locale"]=> string(5) "en_US" ["authors"]=> array(2) { [0]=> object(Author)#852 (6) { ["_data"]=> array(15) { ["id"]=> int(1946) ["email"]=> string(20) "auer.adam@uni-nke.hu" ["includeInBrowse"]=> bool(true) ["publicationId"]=> int(1800) ["seq"]=> int(4) ["userGroupId"]=> int(116) ["country"]=> string(2) "HU" ["orcid"]=> string(0) "" ["url"]=> string(0) "" ["affiliation"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" ["hu_HU"]=> string(0) "" } ["biography"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" ["hu_HU"]=> string(0) "" } ["familyName"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(4) "Auer" ["hu_HU"]=> string(4) "Auer" } ["givenName"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(6) "Ádám" ["hu_HU"]=> string(6) "Ádám" } ["preferredPublicName"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" ["hu_HU"]=> string(0) "" } ["submissionLocale"]=> string(5) "en_US" } ["_hasLoadableAdapters"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataExtractionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_extractionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataInjectionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_injectionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) } [1]=> object(Author)#822 (6) { ["_data"]=> array(15) { ["id"]=> int(1947) ["email"]=> string(21) "papp.tekla@uni-nke.hu" ["includeInBrowse"]=> bool(true) ["publicationId"]=> int(1800) ["seq"]=> int(4) ["userGroupId"]=> int(116) ["country"]=> string(2) "HU" ["orcid"]=> string(0) "" ["url"]=> string(0) "" ["affiliation"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" ["hu_HU"]=> string(0) "" } ["biography"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" ["hu_HU"]=> string(0) "" } ["familyName"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(4) "Papp" ["hu_HU"]=> string(4) "Papp" } ["givenName"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(5) "Tekla" ["hu_HU"]=> string(5) "Tekla" } ["preferredPublicName"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" ["hu_HU"]=> string(0) "" } ["submissionLocale"]=> string(5) "en_US" } ["_hasLoadableAdapters"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataExtractionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_extractionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataInjectionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_injectionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) } } ["keywords"]=> array(2) { ["hu_HU"]=> array(4) { [0]=> string(11) "company law" [1]=> string(12) "business law" [2]=> string(20) "corporate governance" [3]=> string(19) "state-owned company" } ["en_US"]=> array(4) { [0]=> string(11) "company law" [1]=> string(12) "business law" [2]=> string(20) "corporate governance" [3]=> string(19) "state-owned company" } } ["subjects"]=> array(0) { } ["disciplines"]=> array(0) { } ["languages"]=> array(0) { } ["supportingAgencies"]=> array(0) { } ["galleys"]=> array(1) { [0]=> object(ArticleGalley)#848 (7) { ["_submissionFile"]=> NULL ["_data"]=> array(9) { ["submissionFileId"]=> int(6007) ["id"]=> int(993) ["isApproved"]=> bool(false) ["locale"]=> string(5) "en_US" ["label"]=> string(3) "PDF" ["publicationId"]=> int(1800) ["seq"]=> int(0) ["urlPath"]=> string(0) "" ["urlRemote"]=> string(0) "" } ["_hasLoadableAdapters"]=> bool(true) ["_metadataExtractionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_extractionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataInjectionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_injectionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) } } } ["_hasLoadableAdapters"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataExtractionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_extractionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataInjectionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_injectionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) }The author is interested in the comparison of state enterprises and joint-stock company with state participation, as both are types of state-owned enterprises. The author concludes that the state unjustifiably favours state enterprise.
" ["hu_HU"]=> string(242) "The author is interested in the comparison of state enterprises and joint-stock company with state participation, as both are types of state-owned enterprises. The author concludes that the state unjustifiably favours state enterprise.
" } ["copyrightHolder"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" ["hu_HU"]=> string(0) "" } ["prefix"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" ["hu_HU"]=> string(0) "" } ["subtitle"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" ["hu_HU"]=> string(0) "" } ["title"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(69) "Corporate Governance of State-Owned Enterprises in the Czech Republic" ["hu_HU"]=> string(69) "Corporate Governance of State-Owned Enterprises in the Czech Republic" } ["locale"]=> string(5) "en_US" ["authors"]=> array(1) { [0]=> object(Author)#789 (6) { ["_data"]=> array(15) { ["id"]=> int(1948) ["email"]=> string(20) "eichlerk@prf.cuni.cz" ["includeInBrowse"]=> bool(true) ["publicationId"]=> int(1805) ["seq"]=> int(5) ["userGroupId"]=> int(117) ["country"]=> string(2) "CZ" ["orcid"]=> string(0) "" ["url"]=> string(0) "" ["affiliation"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" ["hu_HU"]=> string(0) "" } ["biography"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" ["hu_HU"]=> string(0) "" } ["familyName"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(11) "Eichlerová" ["hu_HU"]=> string(11) "Eichlerová" } ["givenName"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(9) "Kateřina" ["hu_HU"]=> string(9) "Kateřina" } ["preferredPublicName"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" ["hu_HU"]=> string(0) "" } ["submissionLocale"]=> string(5) "en_US" } ["_hasLoadableAdapters"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataExtractionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_extractionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataInjectionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_injectionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) } } ["keywords"]=> array(2) { ["hu_HU"]=> array(5) { [0]=> string(11) "company law" [1]=> string(12) "business law" [2]=> string(20) "corporate governance" [3]=> string(19) "state-owned company" [4]=> string(14) "Czech Republic" } ["en_US"]=> array(5) { [0]=> string(11) "company law" [1]=> string(12) "business law" [2]=> string(20) "corporate governance" [3]=> string(19) "state-owned company" [4]=> string(14) "Czech Republic" } } ["subjects"]=> array(0) { } ["disciplines"]=> array(0) { } ["languages"]=> array(0) { } ["supportingAgencies"]=> array(0) { } ["galleys"]=> array(1) { [0]=> object(ArticleGalley)#858 (7) { ["_submissionFile"]=> NULL ["_data"]=> array(9) { ["submissionFileId"]=> int(6009) ["id"]=> int(994) ["isApproved"]=> bool(false) ["locale"]=> string(5) "en_US" ["label"]=> string(3) "PDF" ["publicationId"]=> int(1805) ["seq"]=> int(0) ["urlPath"]=> string(0) "" ["urlRemote"]=> string(0) "" } ["_hasLoadableAdapters"]=> bool(true) ["_metadataExtractionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_extractionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataInjectionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_injectionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) } } } ["_hasLoadableAdapters"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataExtractionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_extractionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataInjectionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_injectionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) }The State’s Role as Owner of Enterprises: Mandatory Rules of Corporate Governance in Romania
The role of state-owned enterprises in the post-socialist countries, after a complicated and painful historical experience is a central issue, because state-owned enterprises still represent and will represent a relevant sector of the economy in the new capitalist context. In 2011, Romania has adopted a hard law of corporate governance, based at least partially on the OECD Guidelines. This is the Emergency Ordinance 109/2011, which created the Romanian regulatory corporate governance of state owned enterprises. The Emergency Ordinance is a great step in the good direction but its implementation is still partial. The corporate government system created by the Ordinance seems clear and well-functioning enough to lead in time, if applied correctly, to a reasonable depoliticization, professionalization and also to the stability of boards, essential to a proper management of state-owned enterprises.
" ["hu_HU"]=> string(914) "The role of state-owned enterprises in the post-socialist countries, after a complicated and painful historical experience is a central issue, because state-owned enterprises still represent and will represent a relevant sector of the economy in the new capitalist context. In 2011, Romania has adopted a hard law of corporate governance, based at least partially on the OECD Guidelines. This is the Emergency Ordinance 109/2011, which created the Romanian regulatory corporate governance of state owned enterprises. The Emergency Ordinance is a great step in the good direction but its implementation is still partial. The corporate government system created by the Ordinance seems clear and well-functioning enough to lead in time, if applied correctly, to a reasonable depoliticization, professionalization and also to the stability of boards, essential to a proper management of state-owned enterprises.
" } ["copyrightHolder"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" ["hu_HU"]=> string(0) "" } ["title"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(94) "The State’s Role as Owner of Enterprises: Mandatory Rules of Corporate Governance in Romania" ["hu_HU"]=> string(94) "The State’s Role as Owner of Enterprises: Mandatory Rules of Corporate Governance in Romania" } ["locale"]=> string(5) "en_US" ["authors"]=> array(1) { [0]=> object(Author)#861 (6) { ["_data"]=> array(15) { ["id"]=> int(1950) ["email"]=> string(24) "emod.veress@sapientia.ro" ["includeInBrowse"]=> bool(true) ["publicationId"]=> int(1806) ["seq"]=> int(6) ["userGroupId"]=> int(116) ["country"]=> string(2) "RO" ["orcid"]=> string(0) "" ["url"]=> string(0) "" ["affiliation"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" ["hu_HU"]=> string(0) "" } ["biography"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" ["hu_HU"]=> string(0) "" } ["familyName"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(6) "Veress" ["hu_HU"]=> string(6) "Veress" } ["givenName"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(5) "Emőd" ["hu_HU"]=> string(5) "Emőd" } ["preferredPublicName"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" ["hu_HU"]=> string(0) "" } ["submissionLocale"]=> string(5) "en_US" } ["_hasLoadableAdapters"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataExtractionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_extractionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataInjectionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_injectionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) } } ["keywords"]=> array(2) { ["hu_HU"]=> array(6) { [0]=> string(11) "company law" [1]=> string(12) "business law" [2]=> string(20) "corporate governance" [3]=> string(19) "state-owned company" [4]=> string(7) "Romania" [5]=> string(19) "Emergency Ordinance" } ["en_US"]=> array(6) { [0]=> string(11) "company law" [1]=> string(12) "business law" [2]=> string(20) "corporate governance" [3]=> string(19) "state-owned company" [4]=> string(7) "Romania" [5]=> string(19) "Emergency Ordinance" } } ["subjects"]=> array(0) { } ["disciplines"]=> array(0) { } ["languages"]=> array(0) { } ["supportingAgencies"]=> array(0) { } ["galleys"]=> array(1) { [0]=> object(ArticleGalley)#854 (7) { ["_submissionFile"]=> NULL ["_data"]=> array(9) { ["submissionFileId"]=> int(6013) ["id"]=> int(996) ["isApproved"]=> bool(false) ["locale"]=> string(5) "en_US" ["label"]=> string(3) "PDF" ["publicationId"]=> int(1806) ["seq"]=> int(0) ["urlPath"]=> string(0) "" ["urlRemote"]=> string(0) "" } ["_hasLoadableAdapters"]=> bool(true) ["_metadataExtractionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_extractionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataInjectionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_injectionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) } } } ["_hasLoadableAdapters"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataExtractionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_extractionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataInjectionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_injectionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) }Challenges of Serbian Public Enterprises in the Light of Points C and F of OECD
This paper discusses the actual situation regarding the implementation of OECD Guidelines on Corporate Governance of State-Owned Enterprises (points C and F) in Serbia, through the case of public enterprises. Former and current legal solutions are compared and presented along with comments of competent bodies related to practice in order to identify positive steps towards the implementation of OECD standards. The focus is on how the state respects SOE boards exercising their responsibilities and independence, as well as whether it acts as an informed and active owner, exercising its ownership rights according to the legal structure of each enterprise.
" ["hu_HU"]=> string(666) "This paper discusses the actual situation regarding the implementation of OECD Guidelines on Corporate Governance of State-Owned Enterprises (points C and F) in Serbia, through the case of public enterprises. Former and current legal solutions are compared and presented along with comments of competent bodies related to practice in order to identify positive steps towards the implementation of OECD standards. The focus is on how the state respects SOE boards exercising their responsibilities and independence, as well as whether it acts as an informed and active owner, exercising its ownership rights according to the legal structure of each enterprise.
" } ["copyrightHolder"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" ["hu_HU"]=> string(0) "" } ["title"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(79) "Challenges of Serbian Public Enterprises in the Light of Points C and F of OECD" ["hu_HU"]=> string(79) "Challenges of Serbian Public Enterprises in the Light of Points C and F of OECD" } ["locale"]=> string(5) "en_US" ["authors"]=> array(1) { [0]=> object(Author)#860 (6) { ["_data"]=> array(15) { ["id"]=> int(1951) ["email"]=> string(21) "bmalagurski@yahoo.com" ["includeInBrowse"]=> bool(true) ["publicationId"]=> int(1808) ["seq"]=> int(7) ["userGroupId"]=> int(116) ["country"]=> string(2) "RS" ["orcid"]=> string(0) "" ["url"]=> string(0) "" ["affiliation"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" ["hu_HU"]=> string(0) "" } ["biography"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" ["hu_HU"]=> string(0) "" } ["familyName"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(10) "Malagurski" ["hu_HU"]=> string(10) "Malagurski" } ["givenName"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(9) "Branislav" ["hu_HU"]=> string(9) "Branislav" } ["preferredPublicName"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" ["hu_HU"]=> string(0) "" } ["submissionLocale"]=> string(5) "en_US" } ["_hasLoadableAdapters"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataExtractionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_extractionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataInjectionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_injectionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) } } ["keywords"]=> array(2) { ["hu_HU"]=> array(4) { [0]=> string(16) "Public Companies" [1]=> string(3) "SOE" [2]=> string(12) "independence" [3]=> string(12) "active owner" } ["en_US"]=> array(4) { [0]=> string(16) "Public Companies" [1]=> string(3) "SOE" [2]=> string(12) "independence" [3]=> string(12) "active owner" } } ["subjects"]=> array(0) { } ["disciplines"]=> array(0) { } ["languages"]=> array(0) { } ["supportingAgencies"]=> array(0) { } ["galleys"]=> array(1) { [0]=> object(ArticleGalley)#859 (7) { ["_submissionFile"]=> NULL ["_data"]=> array(9) { ["submissionFileId"]=> int(6015) ["id"]=> int(997) ["isApproved"]=> bool(false) ["locale"]=> string(5) "en_US" ["label"]=> string(3) "PDF" ["publicationId"]=> int(1808) ["seq"]=> int(0) ["urlPath"]=> string(0) "" ["urlRemote"]=> string(0) "" } ["_hasLoadableAdapters"]=> bool(true) ["_metadataExtractionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_extractionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataInjectionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_injectionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) } } } ["_hasLoadableAdapters"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataExtractionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_extractionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataInjectionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_injectionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) }Report on Corporate Governance in State-Owned Enterprises – the Polish Perspective
Since the last Polish parliamentary elections in 2015, some deep changes have been announced in the legal framework of state-owned companies. The changes are supposed to be mainly targeted at setting different rules of remuneration policy of the boards’ members compared to private-owned companies. They are meant to conquer recognised abuses in management and supervision areas of state-owned companies, which have not been overcome by recent, quite liberal legal regulations, nor by self-limitation and self-control. In addition corporate governance in Polish state-owned enterprises is facing massive changes. At the beginning of 2016, former Minister of Treasury Dawid Jackiewicz announced liquidation of the Ministry of Treasury in January 2017, and the revision of State’s supervision over the SOE. After liquidation of the Ministry of Treasury, ownership rights over SOEs will be exercised by sector ministries. The aim of the paper is to analyse the implementation of Chapter II of the OECD Guidelines on Corporate Governance of State-Owned Enterprises’ provisions into Polish legal order governing state-owned enterprises.
" ["hu_HU"]=> string(1144) "Since the last Polish parliamentary elections in 2015, some deep changes have been announced in the legal framework of state-owned companies. The changes are supposed to be mainly targeted at setting different rules of remuneration policy of the boards’ members compared to private-owned companies. They are meant to conquer recognised abuses in management and supervision areas of state-owned companies, which have not been overcome by recent, quite liberal legal regulations, nor by self-limitation and self-control. In addition corporate governance in Polish state-owned enterprises is facing massive changes. At the beginning of 2016, former Minister of Treasury Dawid Jackiewicz announced liquidation of the Ministry of Treasury in January 2017, and the revision of State’s supervision over the SOE. After liquidation of the Ministry of Treasury, ownership rights over SOEs will be exercised by sector ministries. The aim of the paper is to analyse the implementation of Chapter II of the OECD Guidelines on Corporate Governance of State-Owned Enterprises’ provisions into Polish legal order governing state-owned enterprises.
" } ["copyrightHolder"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" ["hu_HU"]=> string(0) "" } ["title"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(84) "Report on Corporate Governance in State-Owned Enterprises – the Polish Perspective" ["hu_HU"]=> string(84) "Report on Corporate Governance in State-Owned Enterprises – the Polish Perspective" } ["locale"]=> string(5) "en_US" ["authors"]=> array(2) { [0]=> object(Author)#869 (6) { ["_data"]=> array(15) { ["id"]=> int(1954) ["email"]=> string(19) "noreply@ludovika.hu" ["includeInBrowse"]=> bool(true) ["publicationId"]=> int(1809) ["seq"]=> int(8) ["userGroupId"]=> int(116) ["country"]=> string(2) "PL" ["orcid"]=> string(0) "" ["url"]=> string(0) "" ["affiliation"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" ["hu_HU"]=> string(0) "" } ["biography"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" ["hu_HU"]=> string(0) "" } ["familyName"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(9) "Gliniecki" ["hu_HU"]=> string(9) "Gliniecki" } ["givenName"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(11) "Bartłomiej" ["hu_HU"]=> string(11) "Bartłomiej" } ["preferredPublicName"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" ["hu_HU"]=> string(0) "" } ["submissionLocale"]=> string(5) "en_US" } ["_hasLoadableAdapters"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataExtractionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_extractionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataInjectionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_injectionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) } [1]=> object(Author)#857 (6) { ["_data"]=> array(15) { ["id"]=> int(1955) ["email"]=> string(19) "noreply@ludovika.hu" ["includeInBrowse"]=> bool(true) ["publicationId"]=> int(1809) ["seq"]=> int(8) ["userGroupId"]=> int(116) ["country"]=> string(2) "PL" ["orcid"]=> string(0) "" ["url"]=> string(0) "" ["affiliation"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" ["hu_HU"]=> string(0) "" } ["biography"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" ["hu_HU"]=> string(0) "" } ["familyName"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(15) "Zaleska-Korziuk" ["hu_HU"]=> string(15) "Zaleska-Korziuk" } ["givenName"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(4) "Kaja" ["hu_HU"]=> string(4) "Kaja" } ["preferredPublicName"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" ["hu_HU"]=> string(0) "" } ["submissionLocale"]=> string(5) "en_US" } ["_hasLoadableAdapters"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataExtractionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_extractionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataInjectionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_injectionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) } } ["keywords"]=> array(2) { ["hu_HU"]=> array(3) { [0]=> string(22) "state-owned enterprise" [1]=> string(20) "Ministry of Treasury" [2]=> string(18) "Polish legal order" } ["en_US"]=> array(3) { [0]=> string(22) "state-owned enterprise" [1]=> string(20) "Ministry of Treasury" [2]=> string(18) "Polish legal order" } } ["subjects"]=> array(0) { } ["disciplines"]=> array(0) { } ["languages"]=> array(0) { } ["supportingAgencies"]=> array(0) { } ["galleys"]=> array(1) { [0]=> object(ArticleGalley)#863 (7) { ["_submissionFile"]=> NULL ["_data"]=> array(9) { ["submissionFileId"]=> int(6019) ["id"]=> int(999) ["isApproved"]=> bool(false) ["locale"]=> string(5) "en_US" ["label"]=> string(3) "PDF" ["publicationId"]=> int(1809) ["seq"]=> int(0) ["urlPath"]=> string(0) "" ["urlRemote"]=> string(0) "" } ["_hasLoadableAdapters"]=> bool(true) ["_metadataExtractionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_extractionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataInjectionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_injectionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) } } } ["_hasLoadableAdapters"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataExtractionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_extractionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataInjectionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_injectionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) }