Basic Socio Philosophical Incompatibilities, Strategies and Developing Practices as New Security Challenges in 2018
The antagonistic counter-position and the possible subsequent radicalization and violent measures characteristic for the terrorism, have deeper roots, so even the consequences can differ from each other. The differences between the socio-philosophic models consist a vast base to be investigated if one wants to get closer to understand the motives of radicalization and terrorism.
" ["hu_HU"]=> string(388) "The antagonistic counter-position and the possible subsequent radicalization and violent measures characteristic for the terrorism, have deeper roots, so even the consequences can differ from each other. The differences between the socio-philosophic models consist a vast base to be investigated if one wants to get closer to understand the motives of radicalization and terrorism.
" } ["copyrightHolder"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" ["hu_HU"]=> string(0) "" } ["title"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(115) "Basic Socio Philosophical Incompatibilities, Strategies and Developing Practices as New Security Challenges in 2018" ["hu_HU"]=> string(115) "Basic Socio Philosophical Incompatibilities, Strategies and Developing Practices as New Security Challenges in 2018" } ["locale"]=> string(5) "en_US" ["authors"]=> array(1) { [0]=> object(Author)#721 (6) { ["_data"]=> array(15) { ["id"]=> int(2073) ["email"]=> string(19) "noreply@ludovika.hu" ["includeInBrowse"]=> bool(true) ["publicationId"]=> int(1902) ["seq"]=> int(2) ["userGroupId"]=> int(167) ["country"]=> string(2) "HU" ["orcid"]=> string(37) "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3454-9539" ["url"]=> string(0) "" ["affiliation"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" ["hu_HU"]=> string(0) "" } ["biography"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" ["hu_HU"]=> string(0) "" } ["familyName"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(5) "Bács" ["hu_HU"]=> string(5) "Bács" } ["givenName"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(7) "Zoltán" ["hu_HU"]=> string(7) "Zoltán" } ["preferredPublicName"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" ["hu_HU"]=> string(0) "" } ["submissionLocale"]=> string(5) "en_US" } ["_hasLoadableAdapters"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataExtractionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_extractionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataInjectionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_injectionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) } } ["keywords"]=> array(2) { ["hu_HU"]=> array(5) { [0]=> string(9) "terrorism" [1]=> string(39) "radicalization socio-philosophic models" [2]=> string(19) "dictatorial regimes" [3]=> string(24) "community-focused system" [4]=> string(13) "individualism" } ["en_US"]=> array(5) { [0]=> string(9) "terrorism" [1]=> string(39) "radicalization socio-philosophic models" [2]=> string(19) "dictatorial regimes" [3]=> string(24) "community-focused system" [4]=> string(13) "individualism" } } ["subjects"]=> array(0) { } ["disciplines"]=> array(0) { } ["languages"]=> array(2) { ["hu_HU"]=> array(1) { [0]=> string(5) "angol" } ["en_US"]=> array(1) { [0]=> string(7) "English" } } ["supportingAgencies"]=> array(0) { } ["galleys"]=> array(1) { [0]=> object(ArticleGalley)#730 (7) { ["_submissionFile"]=> NULL ["_data"]=> array(9) { ["submissionFileId"]=> int(6184) ["id"]=> int(1083) ["isApproved"]=> bool(false) ["locale"]=> string(5) "en_US" ["label"]=> string(3) "PDF" ["publicationId"]=> int(1902) ["seq"]=> int(0) ["urlPath"]=> string(0) "" ["urlRemote"]=> string(0) "" } ["_hasLoadableAdapters"]=> bool(true) ["_metadataExtractionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_extractionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataInjectionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_injectionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) } } } ["_hasLoadableAdapters"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataExtractionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_extractionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataInjectionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_injectionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) }The transformation (changes) of the global security challenges has made necessary the elaboration of new responses. These responses are not programmed from its birth they have to be learnt. From the point of view of the state as the embodiment of the political system it is basic to promote this learning process. The most important task on behalf of the state is nothing but the elaboration and run of the awareness programs.
" ["hu_HU"]=> string(433) "The transformation (changes) of the global security challenges has made necessary the elaboration of new responses. These responses are not programmed from its birth they have to be learnt. From the point of view of the state as the embodiment of the political system it is basic to promote this learning process. The most important task on behalf of the state is nothing but the elaboration and run of the awareness programs.
" } ["copyrightHolder"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" ["hu_HU"]=> string(0) "" } ["title"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(24) "About Security Awareness" ["hu_HU"]=> string(24) "About Security Awareness" } ["locale"]=> string(5) "en_US" ["authors"]=> array(1) { [0]=> object(Author)#707 (6) { ["_data"]=> array(15) { ["id"]=> int(2074) ["email"]=> string(25) "kasznar.attila@uni-nke.hu" ["includeInBrowse"]=> bool(true) ["publicationId"]=> int(1903) ["seq"]=> int(4) ["userGroupId"]=> int(167) ["country"]=> string(2) "HU" ["orcid"]=> string(37) "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5498-0855" ["url"]=> string(0) "" ["affiliation"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" ["hu_HU"]=> string(0) "" } ["biography"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" ["hu_HU"]=> string(0) "" } ["familyName"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(8) "Kasznár" ["hu_HU"]=> string(8) "Kasznár" } ["givenName"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(6) "Attila" ["hu_HU"]=> string(6) "Attila" } ["preferredPublicName"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" ["hu_HU"]=> string(0) "" } ["submissionLocale"]=> string(5) "en_US" } ["_hasLoadableAdapters"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataExtractionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_extractionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataInjectionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_injectionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) } } ["keywords"]=> array(2) { ["hu_HU"]=> array(5) { [0]=> string(18) "security challenge" [1]=> string(9) "terrorism" [2]=> string(5) "state" [3]=> string(16) "political system" [4]=> string(17) "awareness program" } ["en_US"]=> array(5) { [0]=> string(18) "security challenge" [1]=> string(9) "terrorism" [2]=> string(5) "state" [3]=> string(16) "political system" [4]=> string(17) "awareness program" } } ["subjects"]=> array(0) { } ["disciplines"]=> array(0) { } ["languages"]=> array(2) { ["hu_HU"]=> array(1) { [0]=> string(5) "angol" } ["en_US"]=> array(1) { [0]=> string(7) "English" } } ["supportingAgencies"]=> array(0) { } ["galleys"]=> array(1) { [0]=> object(ArticleGalley)#750 (7) { ["_submissionFile"]=> NULL ["_data"]=> array(9) { ["submissionFileId"]=> int(6186) ["id"]=> int(1084) ["isApproved"]=> bool(false) ["locale"]=> string(5) "en_US" ["label"]=> string(3) "PDF" ["publicationId"]=> int(1903) ["seq"]=> int(0) ["urlPath"]=> string(0) "" ["urlRemote"]=> string(0) "" } ["_hasLoadableAdapters"]=> bool(true) ["_metadataExtractionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_extractionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataInjectionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_injectionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) } } } ["_hasLoadableAdapters"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataExtractionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_extractionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataInjectionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_injectionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) }Intelligence cooperation among the member states of the Warsaw Pact was a very effective one. The main responsibilities of the intelligence and counterintelligence agencies of the member states were determined in accordance with the Warsaw Pact. Albania withdrew from the Warsaw Pact in 1968 and ended its intelligence relations with the member states. The countries establishing the Warsaw Pact included the People's Socialist Republic of Albania, the People’s Republic of Bulgaria, the People’s Republic of Czechoslovakia, The Polish People's Republic, The Hungarian People's Republic, the German Democratic Republic, the Romanian People's Republic and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics.
" ["hu_HU"]=> string(706) "Intelligence cooperation among the member states of the Warsaw Pact was a very effective one. The main responsibilities of the intelligence and counterintelligence agencies of the member states were determined in accordance with the Warsaw Pact. Albania withdrew from the Warsaw Pact in 1968 and ended its intelligence relations with the member states. The countries establishing the Warsaw Pact included the People's Socialist Republic of Albania, the People’s Republic of Bulgaria, the People’s Republic of Czechoslovakia, The Polish People's Republic, The Hungarian People's Republic, the German Democratic Republic, the Romanian People's Republic and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics.
" } ["copyrightHolder"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" ["hu_HU"]=> string(0) "" } ["title"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(43) "Secret Police Activities in the Warsaw Pact" ["hu_HU"]=> string(43) "Secret Police Activities in the Warsaw Pact" } ["locale"]=> string(5) "en_US" ["authors"]=> array(1) { [0]=> object(Author)#754 (6) { ["_data"]=> array(15) { ["id"]=> int(2075) ["email"]=> string(19) "noreply@ludovika.hu" ["includeInBrowse"]=> bool(true) ["publicationId"]=> int(1904) ["seq"]=> int(5) ["userGroupId"]=> int(167) ["country"]=> string(2) "HU" ["orcid"]=> string(37) "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4010-896X" ["url"]=> string(0) "" ["affiliation"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" ["hu_HU"]=> string(0) "" } ["biography"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" ["hu_HU"]=> string(0) "" } ["familyName"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(4) "Boda" ["hu_HU"]=> string(4) "Boda" } ["givenName"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(7) "József" ["hu_HU"]=> string(7) "József" } ["preferredPublicName"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" ["hu_HU"]=> string(0) "" } ["submissionLocale"]=> string(5) "en_US" } ["_hasLoadableAdapters"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataExtractionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_extractionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataInjectionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_injectionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) } } ["keywords"]=> array(2) { ["hu_HU"]=> array(5) { [0]=> string(19) "counterintelligence" [1]=> string(24) "intelligence cooperation" [2]=> string(19) "socialist countries" [3]=> string(14) "state security" [4]=> string(11) "Warsaw Pact" } ["en_US"]=> array(5) { [0]=> string(19) "counterintelligence" [1]=> string(24) "intelligence cooperation" [2]=> string(19) "socialist countries" [3]=> string(14) "state security" [4]=> string(11) "Warsaw Pact" } } ["subjects"]=> array(0) { } ["disciplines"]=> array(0) { } ["languages"]=> array(2) { ["hu_HU"]=> array(1) { [0]=> string(5) "angol" } ["en_US"]=> array(1) { [0]=> string(7) "English" } } ["supportingAgencies"]=> array(0) { } ["galleys"]=> array(1) { [0]=> object(ArticleGalley)#734 (7) { ["_submissionFile"]=> NULL ["_data"]=> array(9) { ["submissionFileId"]=> int(6188) ["id"]=> int(1085) ["isApproved"]=> bool(false) ["locale"]=> string(5) "en_US" ["label"]=> string(3) "PDF" ["publicationId"]=> int(1904) ["seq"]=> int(0) ["urlPath"]=> string(0) "" ["urlRemote"]=> string(0) "" } ["_hasLoadableAdapters"]=> bool(true) ["_metadataExtractionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_extractionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataInjectionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_injectionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) } } } ["_hasLoadableAdapters"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataExtractionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_extractionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataInjectionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_injectionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) }In the next years there will be significant changes on the labour market, thanks to the appearance of the new generations. As for the law enforcement organizations and na-tional security services this tendency will generate particular challenges, regarding the differences between their traditional values and the characteristics of the new genera-tions. In order to keep their ability for holding and recruiting the most appropriate staff, it is necessary to evaluate the possible ways of development considering the new genera-tions’ attitudes and attributes.
" ["hu_HU"]=> string(570) "In the next years there will be significant changes on the labour market, thanks to the appearance of the new generations. As for the law enforcement organizations and na-tional security services this tendency will generate particular challenges, regarding the differences between their traditional values and the characteristics of the new genera-tions. In order to keep their ability for holding and recruiting the most appropriate staff, it is necessary to evaluate the possible ways of development considering the new genera-tions’ attitudes and attributes.
" } ["copyrightHolder"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" ["hu_HU"]=> string(0) "" } ["title"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(71) "Upcoming Generations in the Law Enforcement and National Security Field" ["hu_HU"]=> string(71) "Upcoming Generations in the Law Enforcement and National Security Field" } ["locale"]=> string(5) "en_US" ["authors"]=> array(1) { [0]=> object(Author)#758 (6) { ["_data"]=> array(15) { ["id"]=> int(2076) ["email"]=> string(19) "noreply@ludovika.hu" ["includeInBrowse"]=> bool(true) ["publicationId"]=> int(1905) ["seq"]=> int(6) ["userGroupId"]=> int(167) ["country"]=> string(2) "HU" ["orcid"]=> string(37) "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7651-5321" ["url"]=> string(0) "" ["affiliation"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" ["hu_HU"]=> string(0) "" } ["biography"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" ["hu_HU"]=> string(0) "" } ["familyName"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(16) "Göbölös-Zalai" ["hu_HU"]=> string(16) "Göbölös-Zalai" } ["givenName"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(6) "Noémi" ["hu_HU"]=> string(6) "Noémi" } ["preferredPublicName"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" ["hu_HU"]=> string(0) "" } ["submissionLocale"]=> string(5) "en_US" } ["_hasLoadableAdapters"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataExtractionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_extractionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataInjectionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_injectionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) } } ["keywords"]=> array(2) { ["hu_HU"]=> array(6) { [0]=> string(15) "law enforcement" [1]=> string(17) "national security" [2]=> string(11) "generations" [3]=> string(10) "challenges" [4]=> string(22) "organizational culture" [5]=> string(11) "development" } ["en_US"]=> array(6) { [0]=> string(15) "law enforcement" [1]=> string(17) "national security" [2]=> string(11) "generations" [3]=> string(10) "challenges" [4]=> string(22) "organizational culture" [5]=> string(11) "development" } } ["subjects"]=> array(0) { } ["disciplines"]=> array(0) { } ["languages"]=> array(2) { ["hu_HU"]=> array(1) { [0]=> string(5) "angol" } ["en_US"]=> array(1) { [0]=> string(7) "English" } } ["supportingAgencies"]=> array(0) { } ["galleys"]=> array(1) { [0]=> object(ArticleGalley)#755 (7) { ["_submissionFile"]=> NULL ["_data"]=> array(9) { ["submissionFileId"]=> int(6190) ["id"]=> int(1086) ["isApproved"]=> bool(false) ["locale"]=> string(5) "en_US" ["label"]=> string(3) "PDF" ["publicationId"]=> int(1905) ["seq"]=> int(0) ["urlPath"]=> string(0) "" ["urlRemote"]=> string(0) "" } ["_hasLoadableAdapters"]=> bool(true) ["_metadataExtractionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_extractionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataInjectionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_injectionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) } } } ["_hasLoadableAdapters"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataExtractionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_extractionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataInjectionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_injectionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) }Prison Tradition: The Philosophy of Punishment in Ancient Mongolia, China and Japan
In order to develop an understanding of contemporary Mongolian prison system, it is important to be aware of the socio-cultural, legal, political and historical aspects of Mongolian prison tradition. Mongolia’s prison system reflects a number of influences including the culture and deeply rooted ideas and beliefs of previous times. Mongolia’s prison system is also affected by external forces such as the mixture of the Soviet legal system and Western legal principles such as the codes of continental European countries. After the peaceful change of the state political and economic system in 1990, Mongolian prison system was influenced heavily by the universal criminal justice system. Over the last 25 years, Mongolia has adopted a number of laws and regulations from various international sources. But the overall reform of prison institutions in terms of legal, organizational and operational aspects lagged behind of other sectors of public governance. There were „cosmetic” changes in penal code. The basic principles of prison system are still not different from socialist era. It is urgent to accommodate and adopt universally acceptable international standards for the effective and efficient operation of prison institutions.
" ["hu_HU"]=> string(1254) "In order to develop an understanding of contemporary Mongolian prison system, it is important to be aware of the socio-cultural, legal, political and historical aspects of Mongolian prison tradition. Mongolia’s prison system reflects a number of influences including the culture and deeply rooted ideas and beliefs of previous times. Mongolia’s prison system is also affected by external forces such as the mixture of the Soviet legal system and Western legal principles such as the codes of continental European countries. After the peaceful change of the state political and economic system in 1990, Mongolian prison system was influenced heavily by the universal criminal justice system. Over the last 25 years, Mongolia has adopted a number of laws and regulations from various international sources. But the overall reform of prison institutions in terms of legal, organizational and operational aspects lagged behind of other sectors of public governance. There were „cosmetic” changes in penal code. The basic principles of prison system are still not different from socialist era. It is urgent to accommodate and adopt universally acceptable international standards for the effective and efficient operation of prison institutions.
" } ["copyrightHolder"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" ["hu_HU"]=> string(0) "" } ["title"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(84) " Prison Tradition: The Philosophy of Punishment in Ancient Mongolia, China and Japan" ["hu_HU"]=> string(84) " Prison Tradition: The Philosophy of Punishment in Ancient Mongolia, China and Japan" } ["locale"]=> string(5) "en_US" ["authors"]=> array(1) { [0]=> object(Author)#761 (6) { ["_data"]=> array(15) { ["id"]=> int(2077) ["email"]=> string(23) "ganbadrakht54@gmail.com" ["includeInBrowse"]=> bool(true) ["publicationId"]=> int(1906) ["seq"]=> int(7) ["userGroupId"]=> int(167) ["country"]=> string(2) "HU" ["orcid"]=> string(37) "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6182-4984" ["url"]=> string(0) "" ["affiliation"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" ["hu_HU"]=> string(0) "" } ["biography"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" ["hu_HU"]=> string(0) "" } ["familyName"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" ["hu_HU"]=> string(0) "" } ["givenName"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(21) "GanbadrakhTsend-Ayush" ["hu_HU"]=> string(21) "GanbadrakhTsend-Ayush" } ["preferredPublicName"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" ["hu_HU"]=> string(0) "" } ["submissionLocale"]=> string(5) "en_US" } ["_hasLoadableAdapters"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataExtractionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_extractionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataInjectionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_injectionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) } } ["keywords"]=> array(2) { ["hu_HU"]=> array(8) { [0]=> string(10) "Punishment" [1]=> string(6) "prison" [2]=> string(12) "legal system" [3]=> string(23) "criminal justice system" [4]=> string(20) "group responsibility" [5]=> string(14) "reconciliation" [6]=> string(13) "social groups" [7]=> string(19) "prison institutions" } ["en_US"]=> array(8) { [0]=> string(10) "Punishment" [1]=> string(6) "prison" [2]=> string(12) "legal system" [3]=> string(23) "criminal justice system" [4]=> string(20) "group responsibility" [5]=> string(14) "reconciliation" [6]=> string(13) "social groups" [7]=> string(19) "prison institutions" } } ["subjects"]=> array(0) { } ["disciplines"]=> array(0) { } ["languages"]=> array(2) { ["hu_HU"]=> array(1) { [0]=> string(5) "Angol" } ["en_US"]=> array(1) { [0]=> string(7) "English" } } ["supportingAgencies"]=> array(0) { } ["galleys"]=> array(1) { [0]=> object(ArticleGalley)#762 (7) { ["_submissionFile"]=> NULL ["_data"]=> array(9) { ["submissionFileId"]=> int(6192) ["id"]=> int(1087) ["isApproved"]=> bool(false) ["locale"]=> string(5) "en_US" ["label"]=> string(3) "PDF" ["publicationId"]=> int(1906) ["seq"]=> int(0) ["urlPath"]=> string(0) "" ["urlRemote"]=> string(0) "" } ["_hasLoadableAdapters"]=> bool(true) ["_metadataExtractionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_extractionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataInjectionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_injectionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) } } } ["_hasLoadableAdapters"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataExtractionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_extractionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataInjectionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_injectionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) }