Review of Ákos Orbók’s Study Titled „Cybersecurity in the Smart City”

Abstract

Introduction: The development of smart cities and the integration of information and communication technologies are fundamentally transforming the functioning of the modern urban environment. At the same time, the cyber-physical systems emerging as a result of digitalization are creating new types of security challenges that arise in the fields of law enforcement, transportation safety, and cybersecurity. Examining these processes is particularly relevant given the rapid proliferation of electric vehicles.

Objective: The objective of this review is to provide a comprehensive, critical analysis of Ákos Orbók’s study titled “Cybersecurity in the Smart City,” focusing on the challenges posed by urbanization and digitalization processes in the fields of criminology and traffic safety. The study also aims to synthesize the theoretical findings of the reviewed work with the results of empirical research examining the cybersecurity of electric mobility devices, as well as with the latest international and domestic literature.

Methodology: The work is based on a methodology of descriptive and analytical literature review. To validate and contextualize the theoretical claims, the review incorporates data from the author’s previous research examining technology acceptance and firmware vulnerabilities in e-scooters, supplementing it with insights from international cybersecurity paradigms and the domestic “smart policing” paradigm.

Findings: Orbók’s study provides an excellent theoretical foundation for understanding the vulnerabilities of smart cities, highlighting that IT security gaps in cyber-physical systems generate immediate physical risks. This theoretical framework is fully corroborated by practical micromobility tests and the international literature, as cost-effective but low-security IoT devices can be easily manipulated, creating new types of traffic safety and cybersecurity threats.

Value: This review contributes to the discourse in the field of law enforcement by bridging the gap between theoretical cybersecurity concepts for smart cities and everyday traffic enforcement practices, highlighting the indispensable role of user security awareness in the age of electromobility.