Hungarian Law Enforcement

Working with the Private Security Industry to Enhance Public Policing

Mark Button — 2025-04-23

The Coming of Age of Complementary Law Enforcement

Christián László — 2025-04-23

In the 21st century, the method of creating security have fundamentally changed, the volume and intensity of the threats posed are forcing the actors involved in creating security, and in particular the state, to adopt a new approach to how it can respond to the multiplying challenges. Therefore is a need for constant renewal and the involvement of all the players and new, hitherto unused solutions that can relieve the burden on the State and support the cause of protecting public security through a complementary approach to policing cannot be
overlooked. The Department of Private Security and Municipal Policing (Department) of the Faculty of Law Enforcement of the Ludovika University of Public Service has been serving this
noble and, we believe, important cause since its establishment in 2013. The Department has been able to become both a recognised and inescapable key player in training, education, research and professionalism in the field of private security and municipal policing.

Ensuring Local Security: Cooperation of Municipal Wardens with other Entities

Miha Dvojmoč — 2025-04-23

The provision of security in local communities is the responsibility of various entities that have certain powers in the field of security provision. The primary task of municipalities is to take care of public safety and order, as well as the organisation of the municipality wardens. These have recently become a very important entity and factor in ensuring security in local communities. However, since security in the local community is a very broad category, several entities are needed to ensure it, as it is not fully covered by the responsibilities of municipal wardens. For this reason, it is important that security entities cooperate and connect with each other and thus effectively address security issues. These entities include, among others, the police, firefighters, rescue services, civil protection, inspectorates and the like. In the paper, research is carried out on the cooperation of municipal wardens with other entities that take care of security in the local community. The respondents answered various questions related to municipal wardens, their cooperation with other security entities in various fields, and also what obstacles they encounter in their cooperation. It highlights the advantages of effective cooperation and highlights the key challenges facing the modern security environment.

35 Years of Development and Regulation of Private Security in Slovenia – Between Strengths, Opportunities and Risks

Andrej Sotlar — 2025-04-23

Modern private security has been developing in Slovenia for the past 35 years. During these years, it has been heavily regulated, as no other security organisation or activity has been subject to three laws in such a short period of time. Compared to EU countries, Slovenian private security is well regulated, as evidenced by some international studies. Our research findings reveal several strengths of private security regulation in Slovenia, but even more opportunities and risks that will need to be addressed in the future regulation of this field.

The Current State of Private Security and Municipal Police in the Slovak Republic

Andrej Veľas — 2025-04-23

The article contains a short description of the history of private security services and municipal police in the Slovak Republic. At the same time, it contains the position and tasks of both these security forces in the protection of persons and property, competences of private security services and municipal police, specifics, shortcomings and opportunities for their further development. More than 30 years of independence of the Slovak Republic have brought specifics that place the Slovak and Czech Republics as former common Czechoslovakia in different planes. Private security services are an inseparable part of the protection of private property and municipal police of public property. Private security services are characterised by the national minimum wage and often unprofessional interventions, which is due to the pressure of state institutions and enterprises to reduce prices in the procurement of these services. Unlike private security services, municipal police forces are well trained and equipped. Salary conditions and retirement pensions are also an attraction for young people. The two security forces are part of a rather large system and are incomparable, so they will be described separately in two sections.

Főszerkesztői köszöntő

2025-04-23

Főszerkesztői köszöntő

Law Enforcement Applications of Drones – Communication Possibilities

Restás Ágoston — 2025-04-23

The use of drones is becoming more and more a part of our everyday life, so it is worth to examine how different fields of expertise - including low enforcement - can take advantage of the benefits of their use. Drones are suitable for data collection, carrying out transport tasks, and even now for various forms of communication. The article examines the law enforcement aspects of drone-human, human-drone and human-drone-human interactions. For this, the author provides an overview of the relevant literature, draws logical conclusions from the adaptable results and also uses the experiences gained during the new coronavirus epidemic. The results show that drones can already be effectively used for law enforcement communication tasks, but with the future development of technical and methodological tools, this can be made even more effective.

Students’ Perceptions on he Fear Of Crime and Crime Prevention: A Comparison of University Students from Hungary and the United States

Barabás Andrea Tünde — 2025-04-23

The aim of this study is to present the attitudes of law enforcement and criminology universíty students towards fear of crime, crime prevention and control in a study conducted in Hungarian and American universities in 2018. The research was conducted among students at the Faculty of Law Enforcement at the Ludovika University of Public Service in Hungary and at California Lutheran University in the USA and was based on the assumption that, due to the nature of their courses, students at both universities have a greater knowledge of certain issues of crime than the average citizen, which may influence their perception of fear. We looked also at whether, where and why there are differences in the opinions of students at the two universities as accurate knowledge of facts and reasons on criminality can help to avoid wrong decisions based on fear, and the operation of bad practices in the field of crime control. The paper reports on these research results, which are still relevant today, and which serve to improve training and the methods chosen, and provide the basis for conducting representative research.

Ten Years of Scientific Publications of the Department of Private Security and Municipal Policing

Csaba Zágon — 2025-04-23

This year marks the tenth anniversary of the Department of Private Security and Municipal Policing (PSMP). During this time, Hungarian law enforcement and the faculty that accommodates the Department have undergone significant development. In the first ten years after its establishment, the Department grew in numbers and became an academic research centre. The lecturers and professors of the Department were undoubtedly the driving force behind this development. Still, their workshop attracted far more participants to join the research network than the number of lecturers in the Department. The research network is required to produce up-to-date and scientifically grounded teaching materials due to the contribution of academic experts, either nationals or foreigners, former and current scholars, and representatives of the private security industry and municipal and corporate security professionals. The article describes the milestones in the development of the Department and undertakes a retrospective analysis of the metadata of the published academic papers using scientometric analysis methods. The authorship collaboration relations between members of the broader research community complements this latter analysis. We used social network analysis methods concerning the co-authorship networks set up by publications affiliated with the PSMP Department.

Good Practice in Renewing Organisational Activity, the Process of Implementing Organisational Change

Kovács Gábor — 2025-04-23

The Faculty of Law Enforcement of the National University of Public Service is responsible for the training of Hungarian law enforcement officers. This task requires a dedicated staff and leadership. Preparing university students with up-to-date knowledge requires that the law enforcement professionals of the future are trained, educated and educated by the most qualified and prepared teachers. In an organisation where continuous improvement is not monitored, signs of decline may appear over time and the quality of education may decline.

In this paper, the basic theoretical issues related to change management are presented and then the theory is adapted to the activities of the Faculty of Law Enforcement.

Microbial Identification

Balláné Füszter Erzsébet — 2025-04-23

The human microbiome refers to all the microorganisms in the human body, including bacteria, viruses, fungi and other microbes that live in different parts of the body.

The diversity of bacterial communities associated with the skin is much greater than previously thought, and the composition of bacterial communities shows a high degree of variability between individuals. Numerous research findings have demonstrated that the bacterial communities on the surface of our skin are specific to the individual, so it is logical to ask whether skin bacterial residues left on objects can be used for forensic identification? Can the bacteria on the surface of an object touched by a person be compared with the bacterial community on the skin of the person who is presumed to have touched the object

Microbial profiling is a growing field of research in forensic science and as a result, the term 'microbial forensics' is increasingly used in the literature as a term for the discipline whose main task is to identify and associate individuals with objects and/or environments through the analysis of microbial characteristics (i.e. bacteria, fungi and viruses).

The use of microbiome-based forensic analysis in real-world expert cases to achieve reliable discrimination of individuals appears to be a promising tool that can be particularly useful when other identification techniques cannot provide sufficient information.

Landmark Cases or Case Studies on Law Enforcement from the Practice of the Supreme Court of the United States of America

Fantoly Zsanett — 2025-04-23

The study examines some of the most consequential case decisions of the Supreme Court of the United States of America regarding law enforcement, which proved to be of decisive importance in terms of the later development of law enforcement in the USA. The process of the development of fundamental rights is mainly presented and outlined from the point of view of the Fourth Amendment to the US Constitution; furthermore, the study analyzes the relevant problems of legal interpretive, which can serve as useful interpretative guidelines during the police investigations.

Punitive Populism Versus Punitive Nationalism: Criminal Politics in East-Central Europe

Kerezsi Klára — 2025-04-23

This study examines the criminal policy development of Central and Eastern European (CEE) countries. The analysis covers the values and approaches that characterize the development of criminal policy, examines the political and policy instruments used by the Central and Eastern European governments to achieve their political goals, and highlights the specific characteristics of the region's criminal policy. Similar beginnings characterized these countries in the establishment of the sovereign nation-state, as well as in their experiences with communism. Their transition to a market economy occurred roughly simultaneously, and the difficulties of adapting to EU structures were common. In post-communist countries, the lack of trust in formal institutions was a similarly defining feature. The elite that came to power during the regime change made a mistake when they examined the functioning of the criminal justice system in the region's countries only from the perspective of human rights and did not consider the socio-psychological consequences of social changes. At the time, it was not possible to foresee that the "oversupply" of populist politicians would not only characterize the countries of Central and Eastern Europe at the turn of the millennium. Three decades after the fall of state socialism, the political concepts of populism and nationalism and their connection to criminal policy help to clarify what characterizes the criminal justice system of Central and Eastern European countries.

The State of Law Enforcement Science After Two Decades

Boda József — 2025-04-23

The short study aims to present two decades of development in Hungarian law enforcement science without claiming completeness. After a sketchy historical overview, it presents official and social practitioners of law enforcement. In a separate section, he deals with the tasks and activities of the Hungarian Association of Police Science, the Faculty of Law Enforcement of the Ludovika University of Public Service and the Doctoral School of Law Enforcement.

Police Sciences in the German Literature

Fórizs Sándor — 2025-04-23

In his article the author analyses the German literature on police sciences. He presents the content of the German concept, the historical process of its development, and the opinions of some authors on the situation of this discipline in Germany today, including positive and negative views. The publication presents the differences between the Hungarian and German approaches to the content of police sciences.

Is it Possible to Do Law Enforcement on a Scientific Basis?

Korinek László — 2025-04-23

There is sometimes a kind of contradiction between research conclusion to question achievements of criminology and personal career of the researchers taking positions at academic institudions and receiving awards for success in the field of a discipline rejected by them. However, there is a need to investigate into the core problems of delinquencym therefore negation is not a satisfactory approach. It is normal to have doubts in one’s progress, however, the questions cannot be circumvented. The study discusses major achievements in examining law enforcement as part of public administration. German and Hungarian developments are discussed. Doubtlessly, it is not really easy to approach the world of policing because of the secrecy which is part of the subculture of security organs. The author expresses his opinion that law enforcement can be done bot hon academic and pratcical level on a scientific basis.

The First Significant Step in International Cooperation in Police Science

Sallai János — 2025-04-23

Accelerating industrial development and changing international political situations in the 20^th century, as well as the rise in international crime, have brought new challenges for the police. In response to these new challenges, Interpol was born in 1923 and international police cooperation became a practice. The German police played a major role in this process, organising and successfully running a major international congress and exhibition in Zoppot, Karlsruhe and Berlin.

A 3. sz. tanú nyilatkozata

Sallai János — 2025-04-23

More than half a decade ago, the Specialised Lexicon of Police Science (Rendészettudományi szaklexikon) was published, and Zoltán Balla reflected on it in a unique way, in the form of an imaginary claim. His study attempted to provide a historical background to the production of the Lexicon. Anyone who lives in the world of science and books knows that a manuscript sent to a publisher nowadays may already be obsolete when printed. The author therefore agrees with the idea of reviewing the entries of the Lexicon and publishing a revised or a completely new version.