Hybrid War: Theory and Ethics
Copyright (c) 2024 Boda Mihály
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
The copyright to this article is transferred to the University of Public Service Budapest, Hungary (for U.S. government employees: to the extent transferable) effective if and when the article is accepted for publication. The copyright transfer covers the exclusive right to reproduce and distribute the article, including reprints, translations, photographic reproductions, microform, electronic form (offline, online) or any other reproductions of similar nature.
The author warrants that this contribution is original and that he/she has full power to make this grant. The author signs for and accepts responsibility for releasing this material on behalf of any and all co-authors.
An author may make an article published by University of Public Service available on a personal home page provided the source of the published article is cited and University of Public Service is mentioned as copyright holder
Abstract
Terrorist attacks against the United States and some European states, and the war against terrorism characterised the end of the 20th century from the perspective of international relations. In harmony with this, military theoretical and ethical research aimed at terrorism, insurgency war in general and counterterrorism in this period. Some years later, however, at the beginning of the 21st century, some further questions joined these problems, like the theoretical and ethical issues of hybrid war. This essay deals with the theoretical and philosophical features of hybrid war in order to develop an ethical theory for it.
Keywords:
How to Cite
References
Almäng , Jan (2019): War, Vagueness and Hybrid War. Defence Studies, 19(2), 189–204. Online: https://doi.org/10.1080/14702436.2019.1597631
Bilban, Christoph – Grininger, Hanna (2020): Labelling Hybrid Warfare: The “Gerasimov Doctrine” in Think Tank Discourse. In Peischel , Wolfgang – Bilban, Christoph (eds.): Building Military Science for the Benefit of Society. International Society of Military Sciences. Berlin: Carola Hartmann Miles-Verlag. 211–237.
Bitton, Raphael (2014): The Legitimacy of Spying Among Nations. American University International Law Review, 29(5), 1009–1070.
Blum, William (2003): Killing Hope. US Military and CIA Interventions since World War II. London: Zed Books.
Boda, Mihály (2020): Peacekeepers’ Autonomy and Military Authority. AARMS, 19(2), 65–78. Online: https://doi.org/10.32565/aarms.2020.2.5
Boda, Mihály (2022): A hibrid háború etikája: az igazságos hibrid háború elmélete. In M. Szabó , Miklós (ed.): A hadtudomány aktuális kérdései I. Budapest: Ludovika Egyetemi Kiadó. 95–109.
Callanan, James (2010): Covert Action in the Cold War. London: I. B. Tauris. Online: https://doi.org/10.5040/9780755625208
Clausewitz, Carl von (2007): On War. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Finlay, Christopher J. (2018): Just War, Cyber War, and the Concept of Violence. Philosophy and Technology, 31(3), 357–377. Online: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13347-017-0299-6
Frowe, Helen (2011): The Ethics of War and Peace. An Introduction. London – New York: Routledge.
Gewirth, Alan (1996): The Community of Rights. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.
Hoffman, Frank C. (2007): Conflict in the 21st Century: The Rise of Hybrid Wars. Arlington: Potomac Institute for Policy Studies.
Johnson, James Turner (1995): Just War Tradition and Low-Intensity Conflict. In Coll , Alberto R. – Ord, James C. – Rose, Stephen A. (eds.): Legal and Moral Constraints on Low-Intensity Conflict. Newport, Rhode Island: Naval War College. 147–170.
Lee, Steven P. (2014): The Ethics of Cyber Warfare. In Floridi, Luciano – Taddeo, Mariarosaria (eds.): The Ethics of Information Warfare. Cham: Springer. 105–122. Online: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-04135-3_7
Lucas, George R. Jr. (2015): Cyber Warfare. In Johnson, James Turner – Patterson, Eric D. (eds.): The Ashgate Research Companion to Military Ethics. Farnham: Ashgate. 245–258.
Miller, Seumas (2016): Cyberattacks and “Dirty Hands”. Cyberwar, Cybercrime, or Covert Political Action? In Allhoff, Fritz – Henschke, Adam – Strawser, Bradley Jay (eds.): Binary Bullets. The Ethics of Cyberwarfare. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 228–250. Online: https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190221072.003.0012
Molloy, Ivan (2001): Rolling Back Revolutions. The Emergence of Low Intensity Conflict. London: Pluto Press.
Murray, Williamson – Mansoor, Peter R. eds. (2012): Hybrid Warfare. Fighting Complex Opponents from the Ancient World to the Present. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Online: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139199254
Pfaff, Tony (2000): Peacekeeping and the Just War Tradition. Carlisle: U.S. Army War College. Online: https://doi.org/10.21236/ADA391358
Pfaff, C. Anthony (2017): Proxy War Ethics. Journal of National Security Law and Policy, 9(2), 305–353.
Rid, Thomas (2013): Cyber War Will not Take Place. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Steele , Brent J. – Heinze , Eric A. (2014): From Smart to Autonomous Weapons. In Gentry, Caron E. – Eckert, Amy E. (eds.): The Future of Just War. Athens, GA: The University of Georgia Press. 98–114. Online: https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctt46nbn3.9
Sterba, James P. (1987): Just War Theory and Nuclear Strategy. Analyse und Kritik, 9(1–2), 155–174. Online: https://doi.org/10.1515/auk-1987-1-209
Walzer, Michael (1992): Just and Unjust Wars. New York: Basic Books.
Whetham, David (2016a): Cyber Chevauchées: Cyberwar Can Happen. In Allhoff, Fritz – Henschke, Adam – Strawser, Bradley Jay (eds.): Binary Bullets. The Ethics of Cyberwarfare. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 75–88. Online: https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190221072.003.0005
Whetham, David (2016b): “Are We Fighting Yet?” Can Traditional Just War Concepts Cope with Contemporary Conflict and the Changing Character of War? The Monist, 99(1), 55–69. Online: https://doi.org/10.1093/monist/onv029
Wither, James K. (2016): Making Sense of Hybrid Warfare. Connections, 15(2), 73–87. Online: https://doi.org/10.11610/Connections.15.2.06