What Can Privacy Mean in Data-Driven Societies?

The Security Policy Contexts of the Data Management Culture in the People’s Republic of China and the European Union

doi: 10.32565/aarms.2023.1.9

Abstract

The purpose of this article is to present the basis for building trust within the European Union, through which the authors illustrate the importance of the protection of personal data as a fundamental requirement in both the EU and its Member States’ legal environments. In addition, the authors have examined the Chinese Social Credit System, which by its design and operation is not primarily focused on building trust and is therefore not the most appropriate solution for building trust. The authors conducted a SWOT analysis comparing the EU and Chinese principles to achieve their objectives. They also conducted interviews with people who have personal experience with the Chinese credit point system. Based on the results obtained, they sought to justify their basic hypothesis that this type of credit system could not be applied within the EU.

Keywords:

Chinese Social Credit System data-driven society personal data privacy trust

How to Cite

Lendvai, T. and Tóth, A. (2023) “What Can Privacy Mean in Data-Driven Societies? The Security Policy Contexts of the Data Management Culture in the People’s Republic of China and the European Union”, AARMS – Academic and Applied Research in Military and Public Management Science. Budapest, 22(1), pp. 115–132. doi: 10.32565/aarms.2023.1.9.

References

Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union (2012) C 326/02.

DigitalEurope (2019): A Stronger Digital Europe. Brussels. Online: https://www.digitaleurope.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/DIGITALEUROPE-%E2%80%93-Our-Call-to-Action-for-ASTRONGER-DIGITAL-EUROPE.pdf

Directive (EU) 2016/1148 of the European Parliament and of the Council (6 July 2016) concerning measures for a high common level of security of network and information systems across the Union.

Directive (EU) 2016/680 of the European Parliament and of the Council (27 April 2016) on the protection of natural persons with regard to the processing of personal data by competent authorities for the purposes of the prevention, investigation, detection or prosecution of criminal offences or the execution of criminal penalties, and on the free movement of such data, and repealing Council Framework Decision 2008/977/JHA.

Directive 2002/58/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council (12 July 2002) concerning the processing of personal data and the protection of privacy in the electronic communications sector (Directive on privacy and electronic communications).

Engelmann, Severin – Chen, Mo – Dang, Lorenz – Grossklags, Jens (2021): Blacklists and Redlists in the Chinese Social Credit System: Diversity, Flexibility, and Comprehensiveness. AIES ’21: Proceedings of the 2021 AAAI/ACM Conference on AI, Ethics, and Society, 78–88. Online: https://doi.org/10.1145/3461702.3462535

Human Rights Watch (2018): China: Big Data Fuels Crackdown in Minority Region. Human Rights Watch, 26 February 2018. Online: https://www.hrw.org/news/2018/02/26/china-big-datafuels-crackdown-minority-region

Kaszián, Ábel Gergő (2021): A GDPR kínai „unokatestvére” – avagy a kínai adatvédelmi törvény megszületése és várható hatásai. Jogi Fórum, 20 September 2021. Online: https://www.jogiforum.hu/publikacio/2021/09/20/a-gdpr-kinai-unokatestvere-avagy-a-kinaiadatvedelmi-torveny-megszuletese-es-varhato-hatasai/

Kostka, Genia (2018): China’s Social Credit Systems and Public Opinion: Explaining High Levels of Approval. Merics, 17 September 2018. Online: https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3215138

Kovalovszki, Kartal (2019): A kínai társadalmi kreditrendszer [The Chinese Social Credit System]. DiploMaci, 11 April 2019. Online: https://diplomaci.blog.hu/2019/04/11/a_kinai_tarsadalmi_kreditrendszer

Lee, Amanda (2020): What Is China’s Social Credit System and Why Is It Controversial? South China Morning Post, 09 August 2020. Online: https://www.scmp.com/economy/china-economy/article/3096090/what-chinas-social-credit-system-and-why-it-controversial

Liang, Fan – Das, Vishnupriya – Kostyuk , Nadiya – Hussa in, Muzammil M. (2018): Constructing a Data‐Driven Society: China’s Social Credit System as a State Surveillance Infrastructure. Policy and Internet, 10(4), 415–453. Online: https://doi.org/10.1002/poi3.183

Lin, Leesa – Hou, Zhiyuan (2020): Combat Covid-19 with Artificial Intelligence and Big Data. Journal of Travel Medicine, 27(5), 1–8. Online: https://doi.org/10.1093/jtm/taaa080

Maurtved t, Martin (2018): Surveillance and Social Manipulation: A Solution to “Moral Decay”? Master’s thesis. University of Oslo.

Mészáros, R. Tamás (2021): Annyi adatot gyűjtöttek, hogy a Kínai Kommunista Párt is megijedt tőle [They Collected so Much Data that even the Chinese Communist Party Was Scared of It]. G7, 25 July 2021. Online: https://g7.hu/vilag/20210725/annyi-adatot-gyujottek-hogy-akinai-kommunista-part-is-megijedt-tole/

Misuraca , Gianluca – Barce vičius , Egidijus – Codagnone, Cristiano (2020): Exploring Digital Government Transformation in the EU. Understanding Public Sector Innovation in a Data-Driven Society. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union. Online: https://doi.org/10.2760/480377

Regulation (EU) 2016/679 of the European Parliament and of the Council (27 April 2016) on the protection of natural persons with regard to the processing of personal data and on the free movement of such data, and repealing Directive 95/46/EC (General Data Protection Regulation).

Salát, Gergely (2009): A régi Kína története. Budapest: ELTE Knfuciusz Intézet. Online: https://btk.ppke.hu/uploads/articles/772735/file/regikinatortenete_teljes.pdf

Stratfor (2012): The Geopolitics of China: A Great Power Enclosed. Stratfor, 25 May 2012. Online: https://worldview.stratfor.com/article/geopolitics-china-great-powerenclosed

Wang, Maya (2018): Cambridge Analytica, Big Data and China. Human Rights Watch, 18 April 2018. Online: https://www.hrw.org/news/2018/04/18/cambridge-analytica-big-data-and-china

West, John (2015): China’s Political Predicament. Asian Century Institute, 30 September 2015. Online: https://asiancenturyinstitute.com/politics/979-china-s-political-predicament

Wimmer, Maria A. – Neur oni, Alessia C. – Frecè, Jan Thomas (2020): Approaches to Good Data Governance in Support of Public Sector Transformation Through Once-Only. Electronic Government, EGOV 2020, Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Cham: Springer. Online:

https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-57599-1_16

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.