Research Methods for the Study of Refugee Resettlement
Copyright (c) 2022 Hossain A N M Zakir
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
The copyright to this article is transferred to the University of Public Service Budapest, Hungary (for U.S. government employees: to the extent transferable) effective if and when the article is accepted for publication. The copyright transfer covers the exclusive right to reproduce and distribute the article, including reprints, translations, photographic reproductions, microform, electronic form (offline, online) or any other reproductions of similar nature.
The author warrants that this contribution is original and that he/she has full power to make this grant. The author signs for and accepts responsibility for releasing this material on behalf of any and all co-authors.
An author may make an article published by University of Public Service available on a personal home page provided the source of the published article is cited and University of Public Service is mentioned as copyright holder
Abstract
This study tries to integrate different methods for research on refugee resettlement, which denotes the scholarship that intends to compare specific issues in two or more contexts and societies under their diverse socio-cultural settings. The study aims to represent a holistic picture that allows a greater understanding of refugee resettlement and proposes developing a more appropriate and holistic research methodology for refugee studies to do research in state and public administration. Researching the refugee problem has various distinctive noticeable difficulties that scholars must deal with; it also provides a diverse alternative for each stage to pilot the research process. The paper discusses the correlations amid the methodological problems and clarifies the critical decisions that are considered when researching the refugee problem.
Keywords:
How to Cite
References
Ahonen, Pertti, Gustavo Corni, Jerzy Kochanowski, Rainer Schulze, Tamás Stark and Barbara Stelzl-Marx, People on the Move: Forced Population Movements in Europe in the Second World War and Its Aftermath. Oxford: Berg, 2008. Online: https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003136392
Albert, Eleanor and Lindsay Maizland, ‘The Rohingya Crisis’. Council on Foreign Relations, 23 January 2020. Online: https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/rohingya-crisis
Al-Rousan, Tala, Zaker Schwabkey, Lara Jirmanus and Brett D Nelson, ‘Health needs and priorities of Syrian refugees in camps and urban settings in Jordan: perspectives of refugees and health care providers’. East Mediterranean Health Journal 24, no 3 (2018), 243–253. Online: https://doi.org/10.26719/2018.24.3.243
Appleby, J Kevin, ‘Implementation of the Global Compact on Safe, Orderly, and Regular Migration: A Whole-of-Society Approach’. Journal on Migration and Human Security 8, no 2 (2020), 214–229. Online: https://doi.org/10.1177/2331502420907377
Baranik, Lisa E, Carrie S Hurst and Lillian T Eby, ‘The stigma of being a refugee: A mixed-method study of refugees’ experiences of vocational stress’. Journal of Vocational Behavior 105 (2018), 116–130. Online: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2017.09.006
BenEzer, Gadi and Roger Zetter, ‘Searching for Directions: Conceptual and Methodological Challenges in Researching Refugee Journeys’. Journal of Refugee Studies 28, no 3 (2015), 297–318. Online: https://doi.org/10.1093/jrs/feu022
Berti, Benedetta, ‘The Syrian refugee crisis: Regional and human security implications’. Strategic Assessment 17, no 4 (2015), 41–53.
Carter, Thomas S and John Osborne, ‘Housing and Neighbourhood Challenges of Refugee Resettlement in Declining Inner City Neighbourhoods: A Winnipeg Case Study’. Journal of Immigrant & Refugee Studies 7, no 3 (2009), 308–327. Online: https://doi.org/10.1080/15562940903150097
Castles, Stephen, ‘Immigration and asylum: challenges to European identities and citizenship’, in The Oxford Handbook of Postwar European History, ed. by Dan Stone. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2012. Online: https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199560981.013.0010
Cohen, Gerald D, In War’s Wake: Europe’s Displaced Persons in the Postwar Order. New York: Oxford University Press, 2012. Online: https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195399684.001.0001
Creswell, John W, Research Design, Qualitative, Quantitative and Mixed Method Approaches. Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications, 2003.
Creswell, John W, Mixed-method Research: Introduction and Application. Handbook of Educational Policy. Academic Press, 1999. Online: https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-012174698-8/50045-X
Dam, Huyen and Sarah V Wayland, ‘Syrian refugee resettlement: A case study of local response in Hamilton, Ontario’. The Canadian Geographer/Le Géographe canadien 63, no 3 (2019), 360–373. Online: https://doi.org/10.1111/cag.12560
DeCuir-Gunby, Jessica T, ‘Mixed Methods Research in the Social Sciences’, in Best Practices in Quantitative Methods, ed. by Jason Osborne. Sage Publications, 2008, 125–136. Online: https://doi.org/10.4135/9781412995627.d11
Farzana, Kazi Fahmida, Memories of Burmese Rohingya Refugees: Contested Identity and Belonging. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2017. Online: https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-58360-4
Frank, Matthew and Jessica Reinisch (eds), Refugees in Europe, 1919–1959: A Forty Years’ Crisis. London: Bloomsbury, 2017. Online: https://doi.org/10.5040/9781474295734
Garlick, Madeline and Claire Inder, ‘Protection of refugees and migrants in the era of the global compacts: Ensuring support and avoiding gaps’. Interventions 23, no 2 (2021), 207–226. Online: https://doi.org/10.1080/1369801X.2020.1854109
Gatrell, Peter, ‘Refugees – What’s wrong with history?’. Journal of Refugee Studies 30, no 2 (2017), 170–189. Online: https://doi.org/10.1093/jrs/few013
Gatrell, Peter, The Making of the Modern Refugee. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2013. Online: https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199674169.001.0001
Gherardi, Giulia, Leonardo Mammana, Mattia Quargnolo, Chiara Bodini, D Damosto, Caterina Florescu and M P Fantini, ‘Asylum seekers and inequalities in healthcare: a mixed-method research in Emilia-Romagna region’. European Journal of Public Health 30, Supplement 5 (2020). Online: https://doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/ckaa166.796
Gilchrist, Valerie J, ‘Key informant interviews’, in Doing Qualitative Research, ed. by Benjamin F Crabtree and William M Miller. Sage Publications, 1992.
Gilhooly, Daniel and Eunbae Lee, ‘Rethinking Urban Refugee Resettlement: A Case Study of One Karen Community in Rural Georgia, USA’. International Migration 55, no 6 (2017), 37–55. Online: https://doi.org/10.1111/imig.12341
Giovanni Sartori, ‘Concept Misformation in Comparative Politics’. American Political Science Review 64, no 4 (1970), 1033–1053. Online: https://doi.org/10.2307/1958356
Goldschmidt, Walter, Comparative Functionalism: An Essay in Anthropological Theory. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1966. Online: https://doi.org/10.1525/9780520321649
Goodwin-Gill, Guy S and Jane McAdam, The Refugee in International Law. Oxford University Press, 2007. Online: https://doi.org/10.1093/law/9780199207633.001.0001
Grim, Brian, Judy Gromis and Alison H Harmon, ‘Focused group interviews as an innovative Quanti-Qualitative Methodology (QQM): Integrating quantitative elements into a qualitative methodology’. The Qualitative Report 11, no 3 (2006), 516–537. Online: https://doi.org/10.46743/2160-3715/2006.1665
Habib, Rima R, ‘Ethical, methodological, and contextual challenges in research in conflict settings: the case of Syrian refugee children in Lebanon’. Conflict and Health 13, no 1 (2019), 1–7. Online: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13031-019-0215-z
Hammerstad, Anne, ‘Whose security? UNHCR, refugee protection and state security after the Cold War’. Security Dialogue 31, no 4 (2000), 391–403. Online: https://doi.org/10.1177/0967010600031004002
Hantrais, Linda and Steen Mangen (eds), Cross-national Research Methods in the Social Sciences: Method and Management of Cross-national Social Research. London: Pinter, 1998.
Harkins, Benjamin, ‘Beyond “temporary shelter”: A case study of Karen refugee resettlement in St. Paul, Minnesota’. Journal of Immigrant & Refugee Studies 10, no 2 (2012), 184–203. Online: https://doi.org/10.1080/15562948.2012.674326
Heckscher, Gunnar, The Study of Comparative Government and Politics. London: Allen and Unwin, 1957.
Imam Supaat, Dina, ‘Refugee children under the Malaysian legal framework’. UUM Journal of Legal Studies 4 (2014), 118–148. Online: https://doi.org/10.32890/uumjls.5.2014.4581
Johnson, Burke R, Anthony J Onwuegbuzie and Lisa A Turner, ‘Toward a Definition of Mixed Methods Research’. Journal of Mixed Methods Research 1, no 2 (2007), 112–133. Online: https://doi.org/10.1177/1558689806298224
Kalleberg, Arthur L, ‘The Logic of Comparison: A Methodological Note on the Comparative Study of Political Systems’. World Politics 19, no 1 (1966), 69–82. Online: https://doi.org/10.2307/2009843
Kalogeraki, Stefania, ‘A Mixed Method Approach on Greek Civil Society Organizations Supporting Migrants During the Refugee Crisis’. Journal of International Migration and Integration (2019), 1–26. Online: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12134-019-00689-6
Kroening, Abigail L H, Jessica A Moore, Therese R Welch, Jill S Halterman and Susan L Hyman, ‘Developmental Screening of Refugees: A Qualitative Study’. Pediatrics 138, no 3 (2016). Online: https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2016-0234
Kuhlman, Tom, ‘Towards a Definition of Refugees’. Refugee Studies Centre, 1991.
Landeta, Jon, ‘Current validity of the Delphi method in social sciences’. Technological Forecasting and Social Change 73, no 5 (2006), 467–482. Online: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2005.09.002
Lasswell, Harold D, ‘The Future of the Comparative Method’. Comparative Politics 1, no 1 (1968), 3–18. Online: https://doi.org/10.2307/421372
Lavenex, Sandra, Revival: The Europeanisation of Refugee Policies (2001): Between Human Rights and Internal Security. Routledge, 2017. Online: https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315190303
Leider, Jacques P, ‘Rohingya: The History of a Muslim Identity in Myanmar’. Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Asian History, May 2018. Online: https://doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190277727.013.115
Lijphart, Arend, ‘Typologies of Democratic Systems’. Comparative Political Studies 1, no 1 (1968), 32–35. Online: https://doi.org/10.1177/001041406800100101
Linstone, Harold A and Murray Turoff (eds), The Delphi Method: Techniques and Applications. MA: Addison-Wesley, 1975.
Loescher, Gil and James Milner, Protracted Refugee Situations: Domestic and International Security Implications. Routledge, 2013. Online: https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315020570
Maleku, Arati, Youn Kyoung Kim, Njeri Kagotho, Younghee Lim, ‘Expanding the transformative explanatory sequential mixed methods design archetype in a cross-cultural context: The polemics of African refugee livelihoods in places of resettlement’. Journal of Mixed Methods Research 15, no 2 (2021), 212–239. Online: https://doi.org/10.1177/1558689820936378
Marfleet, Philip, ‘Refugees and history: why we must address the past’. Refugee Survey Quarterly 26, no 3 (2007), 136–148. Online: https://doi.org/10.1093/rsq/hdi0248
Melin, Pauline, ‘The Global Compact for Migration: Lessons for the Unity of EU Representation’. European Journal of Migration and Law 21, no 2 (2019), 194–214. Online: https://doi.org/10.1163/15718166-12340047
Mertens, Donna M, ‘Mixed Methods as Tools for Social Change’. Journal of Mixed Methods Research 5, no 3 (2011), 195–197. Online: https://doi.org/10.1177/1558689811418095
Mills, Albert J, Gabrielle Durepos and Elden Wiebe (eds), Encyclopedia of Case Study Research. Sage Publications, 2009. Online: https://doi.org/10.4135/9781412957397
Mogire, Edward, Victims as Security Threats: Refugee Impact on Host State Security in Africa. Routledge, 2016. Online: https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315548319
Muller, Benjamin, ‘Globalization, Security, Paradox: Towards a Refugee Biopolitics’. Refuge: Canada’s Journal on Refugees 22, no 1 (2004), 49–57. Online: https://doi.org/10.25071/1920-7336.21317
Naslund, John A, et al., ‘Identifying challenges and recommendations for advancing global mental health implementation research: A key informant study of the National Institute of Mental Health Scale-Up Hubs’. Asian Journal of Psychiatry 57 (2021). Online: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajp.2021.102557
Odutayo, Aramide, ‘Human security and the international refugee crisis’. Journal of Global Ethics 12, no 3 (2016), 365–379. Online: https://doi.org/10.1080/17449626.2016.1251484
Oommen, T, ‘Ethnicity, Immigration and Cultural Pluralism: India and the United States of America’, in Cross-national Research in Sociology, ed. by Melvin L Kohn. Sage Publications, 1989.
Reid, Fiona, Laure Humbert and Sharif Gemie, Outcast Europe: Refugees and Relief Workers in an Era of Total War 1936–48. London: Continuum, 2012.
Shmuel, N Eisenstadt, ‘Social Institutions: Comparative Study’, in International Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences, vol. 14, ed. by David L Sills. New York: Macmillan & Free Press, 1968.
Siddiqui, Habib, ‘Rohingya: The Forgotten People’. Islamicity, 22 August 2005. Online: www.islamicity.org/2698/rohingya-the-forgotten-people/?AspxAutoDetectCookieSupport=1
Simsa, Ruth, ‘Leaving Emergency Management in the Refugee Crisis to Civil Society? The Case of Austria’. Journal of Applied Security Research 12, no 1 (2017), 78–95. Online: https://doi.org/10.1080/19361610.2017.1228026
Stone, Dan, ‘Refugees then and now: Memory, history and politics in the long twentieth century: An introduction’. Patterns of Prejudice 52, no 2–3 (2018), 101–106. Online: https://doi.org/10.1080/0031322X.2018.1433004
Ullah, Ahsan A.K.M., ‘Rohingya Crisis in Myanmar: Seeking Justice for the “Stateless”.’ Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice 32, no 3 (2016), 285–301. Online: https://doi.org/10.1177/1043986216660811
UNHCR, ‘Figures at a Glance’, 2020. Online: www.unhcr.org/figures-at-a-glance.html
United Nations, ‘Universal Declaration of Human Rights’, 10 December 1948. Online: www.un.org/en/about-us/universal-declaration-of-human-rights
Veebel, Viljar, and Raul Markus, ‘Europe’s refugee crisis in 2015 and security threats from the Baltic perspective’. Journal of Politics and Law 8, no 4 (2015. Online: https://doi.org/10.5539/jpl.v8n4p254
Vernant, Jacques, The Refugee in the Post-War World. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1953. Online: https://doi.org/10.1177/000271625429400176
Ziaian, Tahereh, Helena de Anstiss, Teresa Puvimanasinghe and Emily Miller, ‘Refugee students’ psychological wellbeing and experiences in the Australian education system: A mixed-methods investigation’. Australian Psychologist 53, no 4 (2018), 345–354. Online: https://doi.org/10.1111/ap.12301