The Changing Layers of Digital Divide: Access, Technology, Society

Abstract

This study examines the evolving nature of the digital divide from the 2000s to the present, with particular emphasis on the societal impacts of ICT device development, lifespan, and cost. Its aim is to explore how technological innovations, accelerated obsolescence, and the rise of generative artificial intelligence deepen or reshape access inequalities. The research is based on exploratory analysis of large scientific databases (Scopus, JSTOR, Taylor & Francis), as well as comparative assessment of international documents and statistics. The findings highlight that the shortening lifespan of devices, rising costs, and the increasing importance of critical digital skills are becoming decisive factors. The study concludes that digital inclusion can only be strengthened through complex, device-, skill-, and knowledge-based interventions that mitigate the social disparities arising from technological advancement.