object(Publication)#1111 (6) { ["_data"]=> array(27) { ["id"]=> int(7859) ["accessStatus"]=> int(0) ["lastModified"]=> string(19) "2025-02-17 10:18:36" ["primaryContactId"]=> int(9935) ["sectionId"]=> int(31) ["seq"]=> int(0) ["submissionId"]=> int(7735) ["status"]=> int(5) ["version"]=> int(1) ["categoryIds"]=> array(0) { } ["citationsRaw"]=> string(13514) "ABANC (s. a.). Evolução Histórica do Sistema Financeiro Angolano. ABANC. Online: https://tinyurl.com/bdkzbwwz ACCESS (2025, January 24). Relatórios e Contas. ACCESS. Online: https://tinyurl.com/4cfswmrk Appelbaum, S. H., Habashy, S., Malo, J. & Shafiq, H. (2012). Back to the Future: Revisiting Kotter’s 1996 Change Model. Journal of Management Development, 31(8), 764–782. Online: https://doi.org/10.1108/02621711211253231 Ates, A. & Bititci, U. (2011). Change Process: A Key Enabler for Building Resilient SMEs. International Journal of Production Research, 49(18), 5601–5618. Online: https://doi.org/10.1080/00207543.2011.563825 Austin, J. & Currie, B. (2003). Changing Organisations for a Knowledge Economy: The Theory and Practice of Change Management. Journal of Facilities Management, 2(3), 229–243. Online: https://doi.org/10.1108/14725960410808221 BAI (2025, January 24). Relatório e Contas. BAI. Online: https://tinyurl.com/mryvf56w BCA (2025, January 24). Relatório e Contas. BCA. Online: https://tinyurl.com/28t59eu6 BCH (2025, January 24). Relatórios e contas. BCH. Online: https://tinyurl.com/y8erzbwr BCI (2025, January 24). Relatórios e contas. BCI. Online: https://tinyurl.com/2s3pwc7a BCS (2025, January 24). Relatório e Contas Anual PT. BCS. Online: https://tinyurl.com/39cjbbwe BDA (2025, January 24). Relatórios Anuais. BDA. Online: https://tinyurl.com/ytcbjkxn BE (2025, January 24). Relatório e Contas. BE. Online: https://tinyurl.com/4ha5z5n5 Beddies, C. H. (2005). The Financial System and Growth. In C. H. Beddies, E. A. Gelbard, J. McHugh, L. Redifer & G. Iradian (Eds.), Growth and Poverty Reduction in Armenia (pp. 65–84). International Monetary Fund. Online: https://doi.org/10.5089/9781589064515.058 Benzer, J. K., Charns, M. P., Hamdan, S. & Afable, M. (2017). The Role of Organizational Structure in Readiness for Change: A Conceptual Integration. Health Services Management Research, 30(1), 34–46. Online: https://doi.org/10.1177/0951484816682396 BFA (2025, January 24). Informação Financeira. BFA. Online: https://tinyurl.com/2rjh56zs BIC (2025, January 24). Relatórios e contas. BIC. Online: https://tinyurl.com/wtez5ynu BIR (2025, January 24). Informação Financeira. BIR. Online: https://www.bir.ao/inicio/institucional/finantialinfo/ BKEVE (2025, January 24). Relatórios e Contas. BKEVE. Online: https://www.bfa.ao/pt/o-bfa/conheca-o-bfa/informacao-financeira/ BMA (2025, January 24). Informação Financeira. BMA. Online: https://tinyurl.com/25zjmktu BNA (2025, January 24). Instituições Financeiras Bancárias Autorizadas. BNA. Online: https://tinyurl.com/y2fkrkpx BOCLB (2025, January 24). Financial Report. BOCLB. Online: https://www.bankofchina.com/za/en/aboutus/ab5/ Boyles, M. (2022, August 2). 7 Ways Climate Change Affects Global Businesses. Harvard Business School Online. Online: https://tinyurl.com/3amct9af BPC (2025, January 24). Relatórios e Contas. BPC. Online: https://tinyurl.com/3uu8bysu Brown, A. (2014). Organisational Paradigms and Sustainability in Excellence: From Mechanistic Approaches to Learning and Innovation. International Journal of Quality and Service Sciences, 6(2–3), 181–190. Online: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/IJQSS-02-2014-0020 BSOL (2025, January 24). Informação Financeira. BSOL. Online: https://www.bancosol.ao/pt/informacao-financeira Buber, M. (2011). I and Thou. Translated by R. G. Smith. A&C Black. BVB (2025, January 24). Informação Financeira. BVB. Online: https://www.bancovalor.ao/ Caballero, R. J., Farhi, E. & Gourinchas, P. O. (2008). Financial Crash, Commodity Prices, and Global Imbalances. NBER Working Paper, (14521), 1–59. Caixa Angola (2023, October 17). Relatórios e Contas. Caixaangola. Online: https://tinyurl.com/yhck37h5 Caldwell, C., Hasan, Z. & Smith, S. (2015). Virtuous Leadership – insights for the 21st century. Journal of Management Development, 34(9), 1181–1200. Online: https://doi.org/10.1108/JMD-11-2014-0148 Campbell, M. (2016). South African Supermarket Expansion in Sub-Saharan Africa. Third World Thematics: A TWQ Journal, 1(5), 709–725. Online: https://doi.org/10.1080/23802014.2016.1327796 Choe, K. & Herman, S. (2004). Using Theory of Constraints Tools to Manage Organizational Change: Case Study of Euripa Labs. International Journal of Management & Organisational Behaviour, 8(6), 540–558. Online:https://tinyurl.com/5n8zrs9a CMI (2016, April 8). Angola from Boom to Bust – to Breaking Point. CMI Field Notes. Online: https://tinyurl.com/56dk5r8r CNN (2024, July 30). Russian Invasion of Ukraine. CNN. Online: https://edition.cnn.com/world/europe/ukraine Denning, S. (2010). Rethinking the Organization: Leadership for Game‐Changing Innovation. Strategy & Leadership, 38(5), 13–19. Online: https://doi.org/10.1108/10878571011072039 Dodd, D. (2023, October 16). Global Economy Faces New Age of Volatility. Financial Times. Online: https://tinyurl.com/4ccavu6u Garvin, D. A. (2000). Learning in Action. A Guide to Putting the Learning Organization to Work. Harvard Business School Press. Goldratt, E. M. & Cox, J. (1984). The Goal. A Process of Ongoing Improvement. National Productivity Institute. Gujarati, D. N. (2004). Basic Econometrics. 4th ed. McGraw-Hill Higher Education. Gungadeen, S., Paull, M. & Holloway, D. (2018). Partisanship and Organisational Change in Mauritius. Journal of Organizational Change Management, 31(3), 656–675. Online: https://doi.org/10.1108/JOCM-06-2016-0117 Gupta, M. (2015). Organizational Structure Affected by Strategic Change. International Journal of Advance Research and Innovative Ideas in Education, 1(3), 372–376. Hardin, G. (1968). The Tragedy of the Commons: The Population Problem Has No Technical Solution; It Requires a Fundamental Extension in Morality. Science, 162(3859), 1243–1248. Online: https://doi.org/10.1126/science.162.3859.1243 Harper, J. (2023, June 9). Falling Commodity Prices Stoke Fear of Global Recession. Deutsche Welle. Online: https://tinyurl.com/s27rtfty Harrington, H. J. (2005). The Five Pillars of Organizational Excellence. Handbook of Business Strategy, 6(1), 107–114. Online: https://doi.org/10.1108/08944310510557116 Hayes, J. (2018). The Theory and Practice of Change Management. Palgrave Macmillan. Hegerty, S. W. (2016). Commodity-Price Volatility and Macroeconomic Spillovers: Evidence from Nine Emerging Markets. The North American Journal of Economics and Finance, 35, 23–37. Online: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.najef.2015.10.014 Hosmer, L. T. (1995). Trust: The Connecting Link Between Organizational Theory and Philosophical Ethics. The Academy of Management Review, 20(2), 379–403. Online: https://doi.org/10.2307/258851 Ikeda, K. & Marshall, A. (2016). How Successful Organizations Drive Innovation. Strategy & Leadership, 44(3), 9–19. Online: https://doi.org/10.1108/SL-04-2016-0029 Islam, M. N., Furuoka, F. & Idris, A. (2020). Employee Championing Behavior in the Context of Organizational Change: A Proposed Framework for the Business Organizations in Bangladesh. Journal of Asia Business Studies, 14(5), 735–757. Online: https://doi.org/10.1108/JABS-01-2019-0019 Jick, T. D. (1991). Implementing Change. Note. Harvard Business School Press. Jurie, J. D. (2000). Building Capacity: Organizational Competence and Critical Theory. Journal of Organizational Change Management, 13(3), 264–274. Online: https://doi.org/10.1108/09534810010330913 Kotter, J. P. (1996). Leading Change. Harvard Business School Press. Kouzes, J. & Posner, B. Z. (2011). Credibility. How Leaders Gain and Lose It. Why People Demand It. Wiley. Online: https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118983867 Kouzes, J. & Posner, B. Z. (2012). The Leadership Challenge. How to Make Extraordinary Things Happen in Organization. Jossey-Bass. Leavy, B. (2006). Building the Self-Renewing Organization Through Continuous Innovation. Strategy & Leadership, 34(4). Online: https://doi.org/10.1108/sl.2006.26134dae.001 Lewin, K. (1947). Frontiers in Group Dynamics: Concept, Method and Reality in Social Science; Social Equilibria and Social Change. Human Relations, 1(1), 5–41. Online: https://doi.org/10.1177/001872674700100103 Lipton, D. (2018, May 10). Trust and the Future of Multilateralism. IMF Blog. Online: https://tinyurl.com/bdf4hb6f Look, C. & Curran, E. (2023, May 31). Commodity Crash Signals Disinflation Is Taking Hold for Now. Bloomberg. Online: https://tinyurl.com/4hnx3jb6 Mabin, V. J., Forgeson, S. & Green, L. (2001). Harnessing Resistance: Using the Theory of Constraints to Assist Change Management. Journal of European Industrial Training, 25(2–3–4), 168–191. Online: https://doi.org/10.1108/EUM0000000005446 Makkonen, A., Vallström, D., Uddin, G. S., Rahman, L. & Haddad, M. F. C. (2021). The Effect of Temperature Anomaly and Macroeconomic Fundamentals on Agricultural Commodity Futures Returns. Energy Economics, 100(1). Online: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eneco.2021.105377 Manral, L. (2011). Managerial Cognition as Bases of Innovation in Organization. Management Research Review, 34(5), 576–594. Online: https://doi.org/10.1108/01409171111128733 Mento, A., Jones, R. & Dirndorfer, W. (2010). A Change Management Process: Grounded in Both Theory and Practice. Journal of Change Management, 3(1), 45–59. Online: https://doi.org/10.1080/714042520 Moore, G. A. (2005). Dealing with Darwin. How Great Companies Innovate at Every Phase of Their Evolution. Penguin. Moran, J. W. & Brightman, B. K. (2001). Leading Organizational Change. Career Development International, 6(2), 111–118. Online: https://doi.org/10.1108/13620430110383438 Nguyen, P. T. (2022). The Impact of Banking Sector Development on Economic Growth: The Case of Vietnam’s Transitional Economy. Journal of Risk Financial Management, 15(8). Online: https://doi.org/10.3390/jrfm15080358 Pfeffer, J. (1998). The Human Equation: Building Profits by Putting People First. Harvard Business School Press. Platt, H. D., Platt, M. B. & Chen, G. (1995). Sustainable Growth Rate of Firms in Financial Distress. Journal of Economics and Finance, 19, 147–151. Online: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02920515 Puatwoe, J. & Piabuo, S. (2017). Financial Sector Development and Economic Growth: Evidence from Cameroon. Financial Innovation, 3. Online: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40854-017-0073-x Rao, M. S. (2015). Embrace Change Effectively to Achieve Organizational Excellence and Effectiveness. Industrial and Commercial Training, 47(3), 145–150. Online: https://doi.org/10.1108/ICT-10-2014-0065 Roache, S. K. & Rossi, M. (2010). The Effects of Economic News on Commodity Prices. The Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance, 50(3), 377–385. Online: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.qref.2010.02.007 Roser, M. (2023, February 22). Technology over the Long Run: Zoom Out to See How Dramatically the World Can Change within a Lifetime. OurWorldinData.org. Online: https://tinyurl.com/ybs7swe6 Santos, J. M. (2023, April 9). Ambition Is Needed to Rebuild Trust in Multilateralism. Financial Times. Online: https://tinyurl.com/nksz6e89 SBA (2025, January 24). Relatório e Contas. SBA. Online: https://tinyurl.com/4x5zrx5b Scrivener, P. (2019, April 14). Tiger Woods Wins 2019 Masters at Augusta to Claim 15th Major. BBC. Online: https://www.bbc.com/sport/golf/47927647 Spiliakos, A. (2019, February 6). Tragedy of the Commons: What It Is and 5 Examples. Harvard Business School Online. Online: https://tinyurl.com/45yj3a3j Stemmler, H. (2022). The Effects of Covid-19 on Businesses: Key Versus Non-Key Firms. ILO Working Papers. Online: https://tinyurl.com/49jvswjz Thakhathi, A. (2018). Champions of Change and Organizational Development: A Return to Schön and Typology for Future Research and Practice. In D. A. Noumair & A. B. (Rami) Shani (Eds.), Research in Organizational Change and Development (pp. 265–306). Emerald Publishing. Online: https://doi.org/10.1108/S0897-301620180000026007 Van der Voet, J. (2014). The Effectiveness and Specificity of Change Management in a Public Organization: Transformational Leadership and a Bureaucratic Organizational Structure. European Management Journal, 32(3), 373–382. Online: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.emj.2013.10.001 Velayudham, T. K. (1989). Banking and Economic Development. Economic and Political Weekly, 24(38), 2127–2131. Vora, M. (2013). Business Excellence through Sustainable Change Management. The TQM Journal, 25(6), 625–640. Online: https://doi.org/10.1108/TQM-07-2013-0080 VTB, (2023, October 17). Informações Financeiras. VTB. Online: https://tinyurl.com/ytfhh4e5 Walter, A., Parboteeah, K. P., Riesenhuber, F. & Hoegl, M. (2011). Championship Behaviors and Innovations Success: An Empirical Investigation of University Spin-Offs. Journal of Product Innovation Management, 28(4), 586–598. Online: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-5885.2011.00826.x Wang, X., Yang, Y., Tang, M. & Wang, X. (2023). The Effect of Macroeconomic Regimes, Uncertainty, and Covid-19 Outcomes on Commodity Price Volatility: Implications for Green Economic Recovery. Economic Research – Ekonomska Istraživanja, 36(3). Online: https://doi.org/10.1080/1331677X.2022.2164036 WBG (2020, June 8). The Global Economic Outlook during the Covid-19 Pandemic: A Changed World. World Bank Group. Online: https://tinyurl.com/mvdpxnff WHO (2024, July 30). Coronavirus Disease (Covid-19). WHO. Online: https://www.who.int/health-topics/coronavirus#tab=tab_1 YETU (2025, January 24). Relatório e Contas. YETU. Online: https://tinyurl.com/cw63uc4x " ["copyrightYear"]=> int(2025) ["issueId"]=> int(625) ["licenseUrl"]=> string(43) "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0" ["pub-id::doi"]=> string(20) "10.53116/pgaflr.7735" ["abstract"]=> array(1) { ["en_US"]=> string(1067) "

Effective change management creates value for firms prepared to respond to market challenges robustly and forthrightly to gain competitive advantage. This study identifies the role of effective change management in promoting the capabilities of firms to remain sustainable and resilient amid economic crises. After engaging with the concept of crises and change management, this study analyses the banking sector in Angola with a particular focus on commercial banks. The financial statements of banks were scrutinised over the period between 2013 and 2023 with a view to determine the Sustainable Growth Rate (SGR), which is considered an indicator of sustainability and resilience. Only four banks managed to successfully navigate through the roller-coaster period of crisis with a positive SGR throughout the period of analysis. This case study attempts to bridge theories and praxis to inform both scholars and practitioners. The study concludes by identifying four important contributions and suggesting opportunities for further research and application.

" } ["copyrightHolder"]=> array(1) { ["en_US"]=> string(47) "Ken Kalala Ndalamba, Nelma Irene Cardoso Manuel" } ["subtitle"]=> array(1) { ["en_US"]=> string(62) "Evidence of the Banking Sector in Angola between 2013 and 2023" } ["title"]=> array(1) { ["en_US"]=> string(45) "Change Management and Sustainable Growth Rate" } ["locale"]=> string(5) "en_US" ["authors"]=> array(2) { [0]=> object(Author)#1101 (6) { ["_data"]=> array(15) { ["id"]=> int(9935) ["email"]=> string(21) "ndalambaken@gmail.com" ["includeInBrowse"]=> bool(true) ["publicationId"]=> int(7859) ["seq"]=> int(0) ["userGroupId"]=> int(286) ["country"]=> string(2) "AO" ["orcid"]=> string(37) "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3601-0799" ["url"]=> string(0) "" ["affiliation"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(124) "a:1:{s:5:"en_US";s:98:"Universidade Gregório Semedo, Universidade Católica de Angola, Political Economy Southern Africa";}" ["hu_HU"]=> string(124) "a:1:{s:5:"en_US";s:98:"Universidade Gregório Semedo, Universidade Católica de Angola, Political Economy Southern Africa";}" } ["biography"]=> array(1) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" } ["familyName"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(8) "Ndalamba" ["hu_HU"]=> string(8) "Ndalamba" } ["givenName"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(10) "Ken Kalala" ["hu_HU"]=> string(3) "Ken" } ["preferredPublicName"]=> array(1) { ["en_US"]=> string(19) "Ken Kalala Ndalamba" } ["submissionLocale"]=> string(5) "en_US" } ["_hasLoadableAdapters"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataExtractionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_extractionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataInjectionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_injectionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) } [1]=> object(Author)#1123 (6) { ["_data"]=> array(15) { ["id"]=> int(9936) ["email"]=> string(23) "nelmamanuel54@gmail.com" ["includeInBrowse"]=> bool(true) ["publicationId"]=> int(7859) ["seq"]=> int(0) ["userGroupId"]=> int(286) ["country"]=> string(2) "AO" ["orcid"]=> string(37) "https://orcid.org/0009-0002-6845-6787" ["url"]=> string(0) "" ["affiliation"]=> array(1) { ["en_US"]=> string(67) "Universidade Católica de Angola, Political Economy Southern Africa" } ["biography"]=> array(1) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" } ["familyName"]=> array(1) { ["en_US"]=> string(6) "Manuel" } ["givenName"]=> array(1) { ["en_US"]=> string(19) "Nelma Irene Cardoso" } ["preferredPublicName"]=> array(1) { ["en_US"]=> string(26) "Nelma Irene Cardoso Manuel" } ["submissionLocale"]=> string(5) "en_US" } ["_hasLoadableAdapters"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataExtractionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_extractionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataInjectionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_injectionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) } } ["keywords"]=> array(1) { ["en_US"]=> array(6) { [0]=> string(6) "Angola" [1]=> string(14) "banking sector" [2]=> string(17) "change management" [3]=> string(15) "economic crises" [4]=> string(5) "firms" [5]=> string(23) "Sustainable Growth Rate" } } ["subjects"]=> array(0) { } ["disciplines"]=> array(0) { } ["languages"]=> array(0) { } ["supportingAgencies"]=> array(0) { } ["galleys"]=> array(1) { [0]=> object(ArticleGalley)#1125 (7) { ["_submissionFile"]=> NULL ["_data"]=> array(9) { ["submissionFileId"]=> int(38271) ["id"]=> int(6228) ["isApproved"]=> bool(false) ["locale"]=> string(5) "en_US" ["label"]=> string(3) "PDF" ["publicationId"]=> int(7859) ["seq"]=> int(0) ["urlPath"]=> string(0) "" ["urlRemote"]=> string(0) "" } ["_hasLoadableAdapters"]=> bool(true) ["_metadataExtractionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_extractionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataInjectionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_injectionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) } } } ["_hasLoadableAdapters"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataExtractionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_extractionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataInjectionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_injectionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) }

object(Publication)#1109 (6) { ["_data"]=> array(25) { ["id"]=> int(7871) ["accessStatus"]=> int(0) ["lastModified"]=> string(19) "2025-03-18 10:41:45" ["primaryContactId"]=> int(9948) ["sectionId"]=> int(31) ["seq"]=> int(0) ["submissionId"]=> int(7747) ["status"]=> int(1) ["version"]=> int(1) ["categoryIds"]=> array(0) { } ["citationsRaw"]=> string(7992) "Central Committee of the Communist Party of China (2013, November 12). Decision of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on Several Major Issues Concerning Comprehensive Deepening of Reforms. Online: www.gov.cn/zhengce/202203/content_3635143.htm Chang, K. (2010). East Asia’s Condensed Transition to Second Modernity. Soziale Welt, 61(3–4), 319–328. Online: http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/0038-6073-2010-3-4-319 Che, P. (2024). The Role of the Market Should Be Emphasised in the Training of Foreign-Related Legal Professionals. Journal of the University of Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, (2), 27–40. Online: https://d.wanfangdata.com.cn/periodical/zgshkxyyjsyxb202402003 Chen, D. (2023, December 18). Three Development Stages and Five Major Achievements of China’s Opening Up. China Economy. Online: https://tinyurl.com/y8hxpa5r Chen, S. (2011). Paradigm Shift from Pre-System Research to Post-System Research. Chinese Journal of Law, (5), 3–19. Online: https://tinyurl.com/3c2ub55z Chen, Y. (2023). Beyond Rules: The Argumentative Turn of International Law. Journal of Peking University (Philosophy and Social Sciences), 60(1), 162–174. Online: http://journal.pku.edu.cn/EN/Y2023/V60/I1/162 China Council for the Promotion of International Trade (2024, January 25). The China International Economic and Trade Arbitration Commission Approved to Co-Establish an Innovative Base for Collaborative Training of Foreign-Related Legal Professionals with Seven Universities Listed by the Ministry of Education. Online: https://www.ccpit.org/a/20240125/20240125zys8.html Fang, L. (1996). Observations on Chinese Legal Education. Journal of Comparative Law, (2), 116–144. Online: https://tinyurl.com/nhehtcyy Fang, L. (1997). Harvard Law Review: A Case Study on Legal Education and Standards of Legal Review Articles. Journal of Comparative Law, (2), 169–181. Online: https://tinyurl.com/3hw8vc7k Fang, L. (2012). Making Sense of China’s Experiment in Internationalising Legal Education. Unpublished English article on file with the author. Gao, H. (2007). Legal Transplantation: Metaphors, Paradigms, and New Trends in the Age of Globalization. Social Sciences in China, (4), 116–129. Online: https://d.wanfangdata.com.cn/periodical/zgshkx200704009 Gao, T. (2020). The Original Intent and Mission of Student-Run Law Journals. Graduate Law Review, 35(2), 173–175. Online: https://tinyurl.com/29hszcce General Office of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China & General Office of the State Council (2023, February 26). Opinions on Strengthening Legal Education and Legal Theory Research in the New Era. Gazette of the State Council. Online: www.gov.cn/gongbao/content/2023/content_5745286.htm General Office of the State Council of China (2014, June 9). A Notice on Strengthening Trade Policy Compliance. Online: https://tinyurl.com/bdz74amm Hu, J. (2012, November 8). Hu Jintao’s Report at the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China. Online: www.gov.cn/ldhd/2012-11/17/content_2268826.htm Information Office of the State Council of China (IOSCC) (2011, October 27). The Socialist System of Laws with Chinese Characteristics. Government White Paper. Online: https://tinyurl.com/2aam5t7m Ji, W. (2021). WTO Accession Promotes Domestic Rule of Law and China Advances International Legal Development. Democracy and Legal System, (45), 41–43. Online: www.mzyfz.com/html/1996/2022-03-01/content-1556108.html Jia, Q. (2024). Development Process, Unique Contribution, and Practical Approach of the Chinese Foreign-Related Rule of Law. China Legal Science, 12(4), 82–108. Online: www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTotal-CLGS202404004.htm Justice Bureau of Pudong New Area Government (2023, January 13). Implementation Opinions of Pudong New Area on Promoting the Development of Legal Service Talent. Online: https://tinyurl.com/ysepjddj Justice Bureau of Shenzhen Municipality (2023, August 23). Three-Year Action Plan (2023–2025) for the High-Quality Development of the Legal Profession in Shenzhen. Online: http://sf.sz.gov.cn/xxgk/xxgkml/gsgg/content/post_10799514.html Legal Analyst (2019, March 9). Annual Passing Rates for the Judicial Examination and National Unified Legal Professional Qualification Examination (2003–2018). Baidu News. Online: https://tinyurl.com/2ayefm5b Liu, J. (2021). WTO Entry: A Significant Driver of China’s Legal Development. Democracy and Legal System, (45), 32–33. Online: http://e.mzyfz.com/mag/paper_46664_24035.html Lubman, S. (2000). Bird in a Cage: Chinese Law Reform after Twenty Years. Northwestern Journal of International Law and Business, 20(3), 383–424. Online: https://scholarlycommons.law.northwestern.edu/njilb/vol20/iss3/23 Ministry of Education of China (2017, October 20). Interim Measures for the Supervision of the Evaluation of Academic Titles for University Faculty. Online: http://www.gov.cn/xinwen/2017-11/13/content_5239253.htm Ministry of Education of China (2018, January 30). National Standards for Teaching Quality in Undergraduate Programs at General Higher Education Institutions. Online: https://tinyurl.com/zduhz7rw Ministry of Education of China (2020, November 3). The Director of the Ministry of Education’s Academic Degrees and Graduate Education Development Center Answers Questions from Reporters on the Plan for the Fifth Round of Discipline Evaluation. Online: http://www.moe.gov.cn/jyb_xwfb/s271/202011/t20201102_497816.html Ministry of Justice of China (2019, March 7). Statistical Analysis of Lawyers and Grassroots Legal Services in 2018. Online: https://tinyurl.com/y9vkd6r7 National People’s Congress of China (2024, August 6). Information. National Database for Laws and Regulations. Online: https://flk.npc.gov.cn/index.html School of Artificial Intelligence and Law at SWUPL (2020, June 29). Introduction of the School. Online: https://alc.swupl.edu.cn/xygl/xygk/index.htm Shen, W. (2008). The Call for Clinical Legal Education in the Era of Development: Three Major Shifts in Chinese Legal Education. Journal of Comparative Law, (3), 121–129. Online: https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTotal-BJFY200803013.htm The Ministry of Education’s Service Center for Overseas Study (2018, April 10). Evaluation Methods for Certification of Overseas (Foreign) Academic Degrees by the Ministry of Education’s Service Center for Overseas Study. Online: https://jsj.moe.gov.cn/n2/1/1/1114.shtml Wang, J. (2023). Chinese-style Modernization and the Path of Legal Education Development. China University Teaching, (9), 25–33. Online: https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1005-0450.2023.09.006 Xiao, Y. (2024). Addressing the Challenges in Training Foreign-Related Legal Professionals. Democracy and Legal System, (18), 60–64. Online: www.mzyfz.com/html/2293/2024-07-11/content-1626145.html Xinhua (2023, November 28). Xi Stresses Development of Foreign-Related Legal System. The State Council of China. Online: https://tinyurl.com/bdf7ju23 Xu et al. (2018). Legal Education in China Over Forty Years of Reform and Opening-Up. China Law Review, (3), 2–27. Online: www.iolaw.org.cn/global/en/new.aspx?id=67920 Yang, J. & Zhuang, H. (2004). WTO and the Construction of Chinese Administrative Law Culture. Contemporary Law Review, 18(5), 125–131. Online: https://d.wanfangdata.com.cn/periodical/ddfx200405017 Ye, Q., Wang, Y. & Xia, X. (2012). Emulation and Transplantation: The Influence of Foreign Legal Cultures on China. China Renmin University Press. Zhang, C. & Wei, Y. (2022). Current Challenges and Future Measures in Training Foreign-Related Legal Professionals. Legal Education Research, (38), 150–169. Online: www.fxcxw.org.cn/dyna/content.php?id=26877 Zhang, T. & Ginsburg, T. (2019). China’s Turn Toward Law. Virginia Journal of International Law, 59(2), 306–389. Online: http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.13051/17947 Zhihu (2020, October 26). Which Are the Best Think Tanks in China? Zhihu Forum. Online: www.zhihu.com/question/20478343" ["issueId"]=> int(625) ["pub-id::doi"]=> string(20) "10.53116/pgaflr.7747" ["abstract"]=> array(1) { ["en_US"]=> string(1132) "

China’s legal education plays a unique and vital role in the national strategy to modernise its legal system, a foundation that has underpinned the country’s rapid ascent. This paper analyses this often-overlooked facet of China’s development by situating legal education within the broader framework of governmental initiatives. Faced with the challenge of establishing a functional legal infrastructure with extremely limited resources, China’s policymakers have adopted two primary approaches since the late 1970s. First, they have concentrated most legislative efforts on the large-scale transplantation of Western laws. Second, they have effectively transformed law schools into hubs for generating legislative knowledge and training legal professionals. The Foreign-Related Rule of Law initiative, the latest manifestation of the state-directed strategy, continues to shape legal education by introducing new objectives and challenges. This paper argues that to fully comprehend China’s path to modernisation, one must understand how legal education is embedded within its grand national development strategy.

" } ["additionalMetadatafield"]=> array(1) { ["en_US"]=> string(277) "

This paper is part of a research project funded by the China Law Society (grant number: CLS [2021] ZDWT 31-2). The author wishes to thank Müslüm Yilmaz and Feng Weimin for their helpful comments, and Zheng Xiaoye and Shang Ziyu for their excellent research assistance.

" } ["subtitle"]=> array(1) { ["en_US"]=> string(49) "China’s Strategy for Governance and Development" } ["title"]=> array(1) { ["en_US"]=> string(35) "Legal Education in a Globalised Era" } ["locale"]=> string(5) "en_US" ["authors"]=> array(1) { [0]=> object(Author)#1128 (6) { ["_data"]=> array(15) { ["id"]=> int(9948) ["email"]=> string(20) "qian.hao@cupl.edu.cn" ["includeInBrowse"]=> bool(true) ["publicationId"]=> int(7871) ["seq"]=> int(0) ["userGroupId"]=> int(286) ["country"]=> string(2) "CN" ["orcid"]=> string(37) "https://orcid.org/0009-0004-0618-7352" ["url"]=> string(0) "" ["affiliation"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(45) "China University of Political Science and Law" ["hu_HU"]=> string(45) "China University of Political Science and Law" } ["biography"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(129) "

Associate Professor, School of Rule of Law and Government at China University of Political Science and Law, Beijing, China

" ["hu_HU"]=> string(0) "" } ["familyName"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(3) "Hao" ["hu_HU"]=> string(3) "Hao" } ["givenName"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(4) "Qian" ["hu_HU"]=> string(4) "Qian" } ["preferredPublicName"]=> array(1) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" } ["submissionLocale"]=> string(5) "en_US" } ["_hasLoadableAdapters"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataExtractionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_extractionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataInjectionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_injectionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) } } ["keywords"]=> array(1) { ["en_US"]=> array(6) { [0]=> string(15) "legal education" [1]=> string(42) "modernisation with Chinese characteristics" [2]=> string(27) "Foreign-Related Rule of Law" [3]=> string(17) "national strategy" [4]=> string(21) "legal transplantation" [5]=> string(20) "condensed transition" } } ["subjects"]=> array(0) { } ["disciplines"]=> array(0) { } ["languages"]=> array(0) { } ["supportingAgencies"]=> array(0) { } ["galleys"]=> array(1) { [0]=> object(ArticleGalley)#1130 (7) { ["_submissionFile"]=> NULL ["_data"]=> array(9) { ["submissionFileId"]=> int(38950) ["id"]=> int(6271) ["isApproved"]=> bool(false) ["locale"]=> string(5) "en_US" ["label"]=> string(3) "PDF" ["publicationId"]=> int(7871) ["seq"]=> int(0) ["urlPath"]=> string(0) "" ["urlRemote"]=> string(0) "" } ["_hasLoadableAdapters"]=> bool(true) ["_metadataExtractionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_extractionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataInjectionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_injectionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) } } } ["_hasLoadableAdapters"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataExtractionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_extractionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataInjectionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_injectionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) }