Spying in the Hungarian Criminal Law

Abstract

Nowadays we have to take into consideration national security risks arising from forwarding collected, classified, analysed and concluded information through opened sources (such as the Internet, national and local mediums) that can be available for foreign powers or organisations (counter-interested secret services). The question arose during a criminal procedure whether such action can be classified as a criminal act of espionage according to the Criminal Code, or going further: can it be a crime according to the Hungarian criminal law? This short study aims to answer this question.