In the past two decades, along with the so called new types of challenges that parallel or replace the classical security risks, challenges and threats, and in connection with the efficacy of antiterrorist action, claims emerge to deepen the European intelligence cooperation or to establish a European Intelligence Agency. The wide range of global, complex, or asymmetric threats pleads in favour of a multilateral, integrated cooperation. It is doubtful, however, that such integration would be possible without the necessary legaslation and the creation of institutions based on it.
" ["hu_HU"]=> string(813) "Az elmúlt két évtizedben a klasszikus biztonsági kockázatok, kihívások és fenyegetettségek mellett vagy helyett érzékelt úgynevezett új típusú kihívások megjelenésével, illetve különösen a terrorizmus elleni fellépés hatékonyabbá tétele kapcsán, időről időre napirendre kerül az európai hírszerzési együttműködés mélyítésének, illetve az Európai Hírszerző Szolgálat létrehozásának igénye. A globális és komplex, illetve az aszimmetrikus fenyegetések széles köre a többoldalú, integrált együttműködés növelése és mélyítése mellett szól. Kérdés, hogy ez lehetséges-e a közös európai hírszerzési politika létrehozása, illetve a szükséges törvényi szabályozás és az azon alapuló intézményrendszer kialakítása nélkül.
" } ["copyrightHolder"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" ["hu_HU"]=> string(0) "" } ["prefix"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" ["hu_HU"]=> string(0) "" } ["subtitle"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" ["hu_HU"]=> string(0) "" } ["title"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" ["hu_HU"]=> string(81) "Az Európai Unió hírszerzési együttműködésének helyzete és lehetőségei" } ["locale"]=> string(5) "hu_HU" ["authors"]=> array(1) { [0]=> object(Author)#721 (6) { ["_data"]=> array(15) { ["id"]=> int(1991) ["email"]=> string(19) "noreply@ludovika.hu" ["includeInBrowse"]=> bool(true) ["publicationId"]=> int(1829) ["seq"]=> int(1) ["userGroupId"]=> int(167) ["country"]=> string(2) "HU" ["orcid"]=> string(0) "" ["url"]=> string(0) "" ["affiliation"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" ["hu_HU"]=> string(0) "" } ["biography"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" ["hu_HU"]=> string(0) "" } ["familyName"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" ["hu_HU"]=> string(6) "Marosi" } ["givenName"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" ["hu_HU"]=> string(9) "Zsuzsanna" } ["preferredPublicName"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" ["hu_HU"]=> string(0) "" } ["submissionLocale"]=> string(5) "hu_HU" } ["_hasLoadableAdapters"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataExtractionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_extractionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataInjectionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_injectionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) } } ["keywords"]=> array(2) { ["hu_HU"]=> array(4) { [0]=> string(14) "Európai Unió" [1]=> string(12) "hírszerzés" [2]=> string(17) "együttműködés" [3]=> string(10) "biztonság" } ["en_US"]=> array(4) { [0]=> string(14) "European Union" [1]=> string(12) "intelligence" [2]=> string(11) "cooperation" [3]=> string(8) "security" } } ["subjects"]=> array(0) { } ["disciplines"]=> array(0) { } ["languages"]=> array(1) { ["hu_HU"]=> array(1) { [0]=> string(6) "magyar" } } ["supportingAgencies"]=> array(0) { } ["galleys"]=> array(1) { [0]=> object(ArticleGalley)#734 (7) { ["_submissionFile"]=> NULL ["_data"]=> array(9) { ["submissionFileId"]=> int(6054) ["id"]=> int(1017) ["isApproved"]=> bool(false) ["locale"]=> string(5) "hu_HU" ["label"]=> string(3) "PDF" ["publicationId"]=> int(1829) ["seq"]=> int(0) ["urlPath"]=> string(0) "" ["urlRemote"]=> string(0) "" } ["_hasLoadableAdapters"]=> bool(true) ["_metadataExtractionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_extractionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataInjectionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_injectionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) } } } ["_hasLoadableAdapters"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataExtractionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_extractionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataInjectionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_injectionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) }After the Trianon, the Little Entente states sought to isolate Hungary as closely as possible. Hungary was legitimate to have a border adjustment, and it also used the tools of revision propaganda. Hungary wanted to legally border revisions, to use the tools of his revisionist propaganda. Negotiations with the Great Powers did not come to fruition and the Four Pact was not implemented either. Czechoslovakia were the winners weakest link, this the Hungarian propaganda took advantage of it machinery. The Czechs did not make any debts with the answer, which the Hungarian military intelligence also dealth with.
" ["hu_HU"]=> string(563) "A trianoni békeszerződés után a kisantant államai igyekeztek minél jobban elszigetelni Magyarországot. Magyarország legálisan szeretett volna határkiigazítást, ehhez igénybe vette a revíziós propaganda eszközeit is. A nagyhatalmakkal folytatott tárgyalások nem vezettek eredményre és nem valósult meg a négyhatalmi paktum sem. Csehszlovákia volt a győztesek leggyengébb láncszeme, ezt ki is használta a magyar propagandagépezet. A csehek nem maradtak adósak a válasszal, amellyel a magyar katonai elhárítás is foglalkozott.
" } ["copyrightHolder"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" ["hu_HU"]=> string(0) "" } ["prefix"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" ["hu_HU"]=> string(0) "" } ["subtitle"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" ["hu_HU"]=> string(0) "" } ["title"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" ["hu_HU"]=> string(40) "Az 5. cseh(szlovák) hadoszlop nyomában" } ["locale"]=> string(5) "hu_HU" ["authors"]=> array(1) { [0]=> object(Author)#731 (6) { ["_data"]=> array(15) { ["id"]=> int(2006) ["email"]=> string(19) "noreply@ludovika.hu" ["includeInBrowse"]=> bool(true) ["publicationId"]=> int(1837) ["seq"]=> int(2) ["userGroupId"]=> int(167) ["country"]=> string(2) "HU" ["orcid"]=> string(37) "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2780-452X" ["url"]=> string(0) "" ["affiliation"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" ["hu_HU"]=> string(0) "" } ["biography"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" ["hu_HU"]=> string(0) "" } ["familyName"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" ["hu_HU"]=> string(7) "Tarján" } ["givenName"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" ["hu_HU"]=> string(6) "Gábor" } ["preferredPublicName"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" ["hu_HU"]=> string(0) "" } ["submissionLocale"]=> string(5) "hu_HU" } ["_hasLoadableAdapters"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataExtractionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_extractionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataInjectionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_injectionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) } } ["keywords"]=> array(2) { ["hu_HU"]=> array(5) { [0]=> string(19) "magyar külpolitika" [1]=> string(9) "kisantant" [2]=> string(9) "revízió" [3]=> string(12) "dunai paktum" [4]=> string(29) "cseh propaganda és aknamunka" } ["en_US"]=> array(5) { [0]=> string(24) "Hungarian foreign policy" [1]=> string(14) "little entente" [2]=> string(8) "revision" [3]=> string(11) "Danube pact" [4]=> string(30) "Czech propaganda and intrigues" } } ["subjects"]=> array(0) { } ["disciplines"]=> array(0) { } ["languages"]=> array(1) { ["hu_HU"]=> array(1) { [0]=> string(6) "magyar" } } ["supportingAgencies"]=> array(0) { } ["galleys"]=> array(1) { [0]=> object(ArticleGalley)#750 (7) { ["_submissionFile"]=> NULL ["_data"]=> array(9) { ["submissionFileId"]=> int(6071) ["id"]=> int(1026) ["isApproved"]=> bool(false) ["locale"]=> string(5) "hu_HU" ["label"]=> string(3) "PDF" ["publicationId"]=> int(1837) ["seq"]=> int(0) ["urlPath"]=> string(0) "" ["urlRemote"]=> string(0) "" } ["_hasLoadableAdapters"]=> bool(true) ["_metadataExtractionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_extractionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataInjectionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_injectionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) } } } ["_hasLoadableAdapters"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataExtractionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_extractionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataInjectionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_injectionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) }In recent years both in specialized literature and legislation the approach of anticorruption has been replaced with the concept of improving integrity. Instead of focusing on the one who violates the rules we have realized that the attitudes and values of the whole community create the environment in which a civil servant might get into evil ways, so first of all these basic norms need to be improved. The question is whether the quality of the group norms and conformity as an underlying principle can explain properly why certain group members replace their strategies of cooperation with a competitive manner within their groups. In this study the author offers an alternative explanation of the spreading and the dynamics of corruption related events within groups using the classical social dilemma called ‘The tragedy of the commons’. The main practical conclusion of this study is that the increase of cohesion and personal relationship within the group can be an important protective factor in regard to the fight against corruption.
" ["hu_HU"]=> string(1056) "In recent years both in specialized literature and legislation the approach of anticorruption has been replaced with the concept of improving integrity. Instead of focusing on the one who violates the rules we have realized that the attitudes and values of the whole community create the environment in which a civil servant might get into evil ways, so first of all these basic norms need to be improved. The question is whether the quality of the group norms and conformity as an underlying principle can explain properly why certain group members replace their strategies of cooperation with a competitive manner within their groups. In this study the author offers an alternative explanation of the spreading and the dynamics of corruption related events within groups using the classical social dilemma called ‘The tragedy of the commons’. The main practical conclusion of this study is that the increase of cohesion and personal relationship within the group can be an important protective factor in regard to the fight against corruption.
" } ["copyrightHolder"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" ["hu_HU"]=> string(0) "" } ["prefix"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" ["hu_HU"]=> string(0) "" } ["subtitle"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" ["hu_HU"]=> string(0) "" } ["title"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(60) "The Extension of the Game Theory to the Concept of Integrity" ["hu_HU"]=> string(60) "The Extension of the Game Theory to the Concept of Integrity" } ["locale"]=> string(5) "en_US" ["authors"]=> array(1) { [0]=> object(Author)#755 (6) { ["_data"]=> array(15) { ["id"]=> int(2003) ["email"]=> string(19) "noreply@ludovika.hu" ["includeInBrowse"]=> bool(true) ["publicationId"]=> int(1833) ["seq"]=> int(3) ["userGroupId"]=> int(167) ["country"]=> string(2) "HU" ["orcid"]=> string(0) "" ["url"]=> string(0) "" ["affiliation"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" ["hu_HU"]=> string(0) "" } ["biography"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" ["hu_HU"]=> string(0) "" } ["familyName"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" ["hu_HU"]=> string(8) "Horváth" } ["givenName"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" ["hu_HU"]=> string(6) "Ferenc" } ["preferredPublicName"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" ["hu_HU"]=> string(0) "" } ["submissionLocale"]=> string(5) "en_US" } ["_hasLoadableAdapters"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataExtractionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_extractionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataInjectionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_injectionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) } } ["keywords"]=> array(2) { ["hu_HU"]=> array(4) { [0]=> string(11) "game theory" [1]=> string(22) "tragedy of the commons" [2]=> string(10) "corruption" [3]=> string(9) "integrity" } ["en_US"]=> array(4) { [0]=> string(11) "game theory" [1]=> string(22) "tragedy of the commons" [2]=> string(10) "corruption" [3]=> string(9) "integrity" } } ["subjects"]=> array(0) { } ["disciplines"]=> array(0) { } ["languages"]=> array(1) { ["en_US"]=> array(1) { [0]=> string(7) "English" } } ["supportingAgencies"]=> array(0) { } ["galleys"]=> array(1) { [0]=> object(ArticleGalley)#113 (7) { ["_submissionFile"]=> NULL ["_data"]=> array(9) { ["submissionFileId"]=> int(6065) ["id"]=> int(1023) ["isApproved"]=> bool(false) ["locale"]=> string(5) "en_US" ["label"]=> string(3) "PDF" ["publicationId"]=> int(1833) ["seq"]=> int(0) ["urlPath"]=> string(0) "" ["urlRemote"]=> string(0) "" } ["_hasLoadableAdapters"]=> bool(true) ["_metadataExtractionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_extractionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataInjectionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_injectionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) } } } ["_hasLoadableAdapters"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataExtractionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_extractionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataInjectionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_injectionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) }