International Economic Sanctions and Their Implications

Absztrakt

This paper examines the use of economic sanctions as a tool of international policy, focusing specifically on their application to Syria. The study reviews key definitions and types of economic sanctions, highlighting their role in influencing state behaviour while avoiding military intervention. Using a case study methodology, this analysis examines the sanctions imposed by the United States, the European Union, and other international actors since 2011. The paper assesses the economic and humanitarian implications of these measures, including substantial declines in national GDP, disruptions to oil production, inflation, food insecurity, and restricted access to essential medicines. The research also considers the ethical and legal debates surrounding sanctions, emphasising their disproportionate impact on civilian populations rather than political elites. The findings indicate that while sanctions aim to achieve strategic political objectives, their implementation often exacerbates humanitarian crises and undermines human rights. The paper concludes that multilateral coordination and targeted, “smart” sanctions are more effective and ethically justified than broad comprehensive measures. A balanced approach that aligns political goals with humanitarian considerations is necessary for a fair and sustainable application of economic sanctions in international relations.