Vízi és víz alatti járművek csatolt vibroakusztikai modellezése
A víz alatti kisugárzott zaj fizikai alapjai, multifizikai predikciója és validációs kérdései
Copyright (c) 2026 Horváth Krisztián
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Absztrakt
A víz alatti kisugárzott zaj (underwater radiated noise, URN) predikciója a haditechnikai alkalmazásokban és a tengeri környezet védelmében egyaránt stratégiai jelentőségű. A szakirodalom és a szabványosítási gyakorlat alapján az URN nem értelmezhető pusztán hidrodinamikai jelenségként: a gerjesztések, a szerkezeti rezgések és a vízterhelés csatolt vibroakusztikai multifizikai (multiphysics) rendszerként határozzák meg a távoli térben mérhető hangnyomásszintet. Az áttekintés a víz alatti hangterjedés releváns fizikai alapjait, az URN fő forrásmechanizmusait (propellerkavitáció, szerkezet által terjesztett zaj, áramlás okozta zaj), a csatolt modellezési módszereket (strukturális végeselemes modell, folyadék–szerkezet kölcsönhatás, CFD-alapú áramlásmodellezés, akusztikai analógia, FEM–BEM csatolás), továbbá a prediktív modellek hierarchiáját és a számítási költség–pontosság kompromisszumait tárgyalja. Központi elemként részletesen bemutatok egy, URN-predikcióra alkalmas vibroakusztikai multifizikai munkafolyamatot (workflow), valamint a validáció és a tengeri mérések bizonytalanságait az ISO 17208 szabványsorozat kontextusában.
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