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Engineer Geniuses: Titular Major General Károly Guggenberger
Károly Guggenberger graduated from excellent schools and accordingly, he served with distinction both during the First World War and turbulent times after that. Although there are no major work to his name, but he served with honour on many European fronts and worked with distinction for his king and country. He served as a commander and in various higher staff roles too. He took part in forced river crossings, built and demolished bridges, constructed fortifications and roads, and last, but not least, organised the difficult task of military engineering support. All in all, he was an excellent military engineering officer.
" ["hu_HU"]=> string(606) "Guggenberger Károly kitűnő iskolákat végzett, és ennek megfelelően kitűnően helytállt az első világháborúban, valamint az azt követő zavaros időkben. Nevéhez nem fűződnek nagy alkotások, de a háború minden európai hadszínterén becsülettel és magas szintű szakmaisággal szolgálta uralkodóját és hazáját. Szolgált parancsnokként és a magasabb törzsekben egyaránt. Részt vett erőszakos folyamátkelésben, épített és bontott hadihidakat, erődített, utat épített és szervezte a műszaki támogatás összetett folyamatát. Kiváló műszaki tiszt volt.
" } ["title"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(61) "Engineer Geniuses: Titular Major General Károly Guggenberger" ["hu_HU"]=> string(69) "Műszaki kiválóságok: Guggenberger Károly címzetes vezérőrnagy" } ["copyrightHolder"]=> array(1) { ["hu_HU"]=> string(29) "Balla Tibor, Padányi József" } ["locale"]=> string(5) "hu_HU" ["authors"]=> array(2) { [0]=> object(Author)#737 (6) { ["_data"]=> array(15) { ["id"]=> int(10243) ["email"]=> string(22) "balla.tibor@uni-nke.hu" ["includeInBrowse"]=> bool(true) ["publicationId"]=> int(8064) ["seq"]=> int(1) ["userGroupId"]=> int(99) ["country"]=> string(2) "HU" ["orcid"]=> string(37) "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2476-8981" ["url"]=> string(0) "" ["affiliation"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" ["hu_HU"]=> string(0) "" } ["biography"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" ["hu_HU"]=> string(0) "" } ["familyName"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" ["hu_HU"]=> string(5) "Balla" } ["givenName"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" ["hu_HU"]=> string(5) "Tibor" } ["preferredPublicName"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" ["hu_HU"]=> string(0) "" } ["submissionLocale"]=> string(5) "hu_HU" } ["_hasLoadableAdapters"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataExtractionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_extractionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataInjectionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_injectionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) } [1]=> object(Author)#713 (6) { ["_data"]=> array(15) { ["id"]=> int(10242) ["email"]=> string(25) "padanyi.jozsef@uni-nke.hu" ["includeInBrowse"]=> bool(true) ["publicationId"]=> int(8064) ["seq"]=> int(1) ["userGroupId"]=> int(99) ["country"]=> string(2) "HU" ["orcid"]=> string(37) "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6665-8444" ["url"]=> string(0) "" ["affiliation"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(48) "Faculty of Military Science and Officer Training" ["hu_HU"]=> string(0) "" } ["biography"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" ["hu_HU"]=> string(0) "" } ["familyName"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(8) "Padányi" ["hu_HU"]=> string(8) "Padányi" } ["givenName"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(7) "József" ["hu_HU"]=> string(7) "József" } ["preferredPublicName"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" ["hu_HU"]=> string(0) "" } ["submissionLocale"]=> string(5) "hu_HU" } ["_hasLoadableAdapters"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataExtractionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_extractionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataInjectionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_injectionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) } } ["keywords"]=> array(2) { ["hu_HU"]=> array(6) { [0]=> string(12) "útépítés" [1]=> string(13) "hídépítés" [2]=> string(20) "első világháború" [3]=> string(18) "orosz hadszíntér" [4]=> string(18) "szerb hadszíntér" [5]=> string(18) "olasz hadszíntér" } ["en_US"]=> array(6) { [0]=> string(13) "road building" [1]=> string(15) "bridge building" [2]=> string(11) "World War I" [3]=> string(13) "Russian Front" [4]=> string(13) "Serbian Front" [5]=> string(13) "Italian Front" } } ["subjects"]=> array(0) { } ["disciplines"]=> array(0) { } ["languages"]=> array(0) { } ["supportingAgencies"]=> array(0) { } ["galleys"]=> array(1) { [0]=> object(ArticleGalley)#749 (7) { ["_submissionFile"]=> NULL ["_data"]=> array(9) { ["submissionFileId"]=> int(40252) ["id"]=> int(6352) ["isApproved"]=> bool(false) ["locale"]=> string(5) "hu_HU" ["label"]=> string(3) "PDF" ["publicationId"]=> int(8064) ["seq"]=> int(0) ["urlPath"]=> string(0) "" ["urlRemote"]=> string(0) "" } ["_hasLoadableAdapters"]=> bool(true) ["_metadataExtractionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_extractionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataInjectionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_injectionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) } } } ["_hasLoadableAdapters"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataExtractionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_extractionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataInjectionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_injectionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) }Challenges in Extreme Cold in the Operation of Banking Industry’s Critical Infrastructure
Studies of the effects of climate change are focusing on heatwaves and the increase of the average and maximum temperature. Scant attention has been paid to the extreme cold and its impact. This phenomena is likely to occur in the future in Hungary as an effect of the changing climate. Our paper aims to support the preparation for the extreme cold, thus in the first part its effects will be explored. In the second part, the challenges faced by the banking industry will be introduced. Recommendations will be provided aiming to support the facility management, to ensure the essential services and the physical money transfer during extreme cold.
" ["hu_HU"]=> string(927) "Az éghajlatváltozás hatásai közül a hőhullámok, valamint az átlag- és maximum hőmérsékletek emelkedésének következményei képezik a kutatások tárgyát. Kevéssé tárgyalt terület az extrém hideg időjárás következménye, amely hazánkban a jövőben is előfordul az éghajlatváltozás egyik mellékhatásaként. Az extrém hideg időjárási körülményekre való felkészülést támogató cikkünk első részében a közelmúlt esetei alapján azonosítjuk ezen időjárás hatásait. Ezt követően a pénzügyágazat létfontosságú rendszerelemként azonosított szolgáltatásainak példáján keresztül áttekintjük a kapcsolódó kihívásokat. Javaslatot fogalmazunk meg olyan lépésekre, amelyek segítik az infrastruktúra üzemeltetését, az alkalmazottak munkavégzését, valamint az értékszállítás végrehajtását extrém hideg időjárási körülmények között.
" } ["title"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(91) "Challenges in Extreme Cold in the Operation of Banking Industry’s Critical Infrastructure" ["hu_HU"]=> string(129) "Az extrém hideg időjárás okozta kihívások a pénzügyágazathoz tartozó létfontosságú rendszerelemek üzemeltetésében" } ["copyrightHolder"]=> array(1) { ["hu_HU"]=> string(27) "Somogyi Tamás, Nagy Rudolf" } ["locale"]=> string(5) "hu_HU" ["authors"]=> array(2) { [0]=> object(Author)#745 (6) { ["_data"]=> array(15) { ["id"]=> int(9996) ["email"]=> string(21) "somogyit588@gmail.com" ["includeInBrowse"]=> bool(true) ["publicationId"]=> int(7903) ["seq"]=> int(2) ["userGroupId"]=> int(99) ["country"]=> string(2) "HU" ["orcid"]=> string(37) "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1397-697X" ["url"]=> string(0) "" ["affiliation"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" ["hu_HU"]=> string(77) "a:1:{s:5:"hu_HU";s:51:"Óbudai Egyetem Biztonságtudományi Doktori Iskola";}" } ["biography"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" ["hu_HU"]=> string(0) "" } ["familyName"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" ["hu_HU"]=> string(7) "Somogyi" } ["givenName"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" ["hu_HU"]=> string(6) "Tamás" } ["preferredPublicName"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" ["hu_HU"]=> string(0) "" } ["submissionLocale"]=> string(5) "hu_HU" } ["_hasLoadableAdapters"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataExtractionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_extractionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataInjectionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_injectionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) } [1]=> object(Author)#721 (6) { ["_data"]=> array(15) { ["id"]=> int(9997) ["email"]=> string(28) "nagy.rudolf@bgk.uni-obuda.hu" ["includeInBrowse"]=> bool(true) ["publicationId"]=> int(7903) ["seq"]=> int(2) ["userGroupId"]=> int(99) ["country"]=> string(2) "HU" ["orcid"]=> string(37) "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5108-9728" ["url"]=> string(0) "" ["affiliation"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(17) "Óbuda University" ["hu_HU"]=> string(77) "Óbudai Egyetem, Bánki Donát Gépész és Biztonságtechnikai Mérnöki Kar" } ["biography"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" ["hu_HU"]=> string(0) "" } ["familyName"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" ["hu_HU"]=> string(4) "Nagy" } ["givenName"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" ["hu_HU"]=> string(6) "Rudolf" } ["preferredPublicName"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" ["hu_HU"]=> string(0) "" } ["submissionLocale"]=> string(5) "hu_HU" } ["_hasLoadableAdapters"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataExtractionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_extractionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataInjectionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_injectionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) } } ["keywords"]=> array(2) { ["hu_HU"]=> array(3) { [0]=> string(13) "extrém hideg" [1]=> string(29) "létfontosságú rendszerelem" [2]=> string(16) "pénzügyágazat" } ["en_US"]=> array(3) { [0]=> string(12) "extreme cold" [1]=> string(23) "critical infrastructure" [2]=> string(16) "banking industry" } } ["subjects"]=> array(0) { } ["disciplines"]=> array(0) { } ["languages"]=> array(0) { } ["supportingAgencies"]=> array(0) { } ["galleys"]=> array(1) { [0]=> object(ArticleGalley)#765 (7) { ["_submissionFile"]=> NULL ["_data"]=> array(9) { ["submissionFileId"]=> int(40256) ["id"]=> int(6353) ["isApproved"]=> bool(false) ["locale"]=> string(5) "hu_HU" ["label"]=> string(3) "PDF" ["publicationId"]=> int(7903) ["seq"]=> int(0) ["urlPath"]=> string(0) "" ["urlRemote"]=> string(0) "" } ["_hasLoadableAdapters"]=> bool(true) ["_metadataExtractionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_extractionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataInjectionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_injectionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) } } } ["_hasLoadableAdapters"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataExtractionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_extractionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataInjectionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_injectionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) }Between the two world wars both victorious and defeated countries started to build fortifications on new principles. Hungary started to build up its defence system after the return of the high and medium height mountain areas. The defence developed under the leadership of Teofil Hárosy was built up from small size, in-ground, widely dispersed and well-camouflaged units. Most of the fortifications ensured defence and technical support. The open firing positions, spatially separated from the buildings, provided effective defence and possibility of counterattacks.
" } ["title"]=> array(1) { ["en_US"]=> string(30) "Structures of the Árpád Line" } ["copyrightHolder"]=> array(1) { ["hu_HU"]=> string(16) "Rakaczki István" } ["locale"]=> string(5) "en_US" ["authors"]=> array(1) { [0]=> object(Author)#747 (6) { ["_data"]=> array(14) { ["id"]=> int(10008) ["email"]=> string(19) "irakaczky@gmail.com" ["includeInBrowse"]=> bool(true) ["publicationId"]=> int(7911) ["seq"]=> int(3) ["userGroupId"]=> int(99) ["country"]=> string(2) "HU" ["orcid"]=> string(37) "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0469-8947" ["url"]=> string(0) "" ["affiliation"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" ["hu_HU"]=> string(0) "" } ["biography"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" ["hu_HU"]=> string(0) "" } ["familyName"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(8) "Rakaczki" ["hu_HU"]=> string(8) "Rakaczki" } ["givenName"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(7) "István" ["hu_HU"]=> string(7) "István" } ["submissionLocale"]=> string(5) "en_US" } ["_hasLoadableAdapters"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataExtractionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_extractionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataInjectionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_injectionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) } } ["keywords"]=> array(1) { ["en_US"]=> array(5) { [0]=> string(22) "fortification theories" [1]=> string(12) "Árpád-line" [2]=> string(30) "reinforced concrete structures" [3]=> string(16) "firing positions" [4]=> string(10) "camouflage" } } ["subjects"]=> array(0) { } ["disciplines"]=> array(0) { } ["languages"]=> array(0) { } ["supportingAgencies"]=> array(0) { } ["galleys"]=> array(1) { [0]=> object(ArticleGalley)#771 (7) { ["_submissionFile"]=> NULL ["_data"]=> array(9) { ["submissionFileId"]=> int(40259) ["id"]=> int(6354) ["isApproved"]=> bool(false) ["locale"]=> string(5) "en_US" ["label"]=> string(3) "PDF" ["publicationId"]=> int(7911) ["seq"]=> int(0) ["urlPath"]=> string(0) "" ["urlRemote"]=> string(0) "" } ["_hasLoadableAdapters"]=> bool(true) ["_metadataExtractionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_extractionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataInjectionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_injectionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) } } } ["_hasLoadableAdapters"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataExtractionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_extractionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataInjectionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_injectionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) }The Possibilities and Limitations of Applying 3D Printing Technology by the Engineer Troops of the Hungarian Defence Forces
The purpose of the research presented in the article is to examine 3D printing, the best-known type of additive manufacturing technology today, and its potential applications within the technical units of the Hungarian Defence Forces. In the first part of the paper, we describe the 3D printing process and classification according to various aspects, as well as the manufacturing process from design to the finished product. We then outline the strategic goals and the advantages of this manufacturing technology, justifying its legitimacy as a modern manufacturing method in the execution of military tasks. In the main part of the paper, we present the personnel and material conditions, possibilities and limitations of applying 3D printing technology in military contexts. All of this contributes to the organisational development required for applying the manufacturing process, education exploring further application possibilities and minimising potential risks associated with the manufacturing technology.
" ["hu_HU"]=> string(1022) "The purpose of the research presented in the article is to examine 3D printing, the best-known type of additive manufacturing technology today, and its potential applications within the technical units of the Hungarian Defence Forces. In the first part of the paper, we describe the 3D printing process and classification according to various aspects, as well as the manufacturing process from design to the finished product. We then outline the strategic goals and the advantages of this manufacturing technology, justifying its legitimacy as a modern manufacturing method in the execution of military tasks. In the main part of the paper, we present the personnel and material conditions, possibilities and limitations of applying 3D printing technology in military contexts. All of this contributes to the organisational development required for applying the manufacturing process, education exploring further application possibilities and minimising potential risks associated with the manufacturing technology.
" } ["title"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(123) "The Possibilities and Limitations of Applying 3D Printing Technology by the Engineer Troops of the Hungarian Defence Forces" ["hu_HU"]=> string(123) "The Possibilities and Limitations of Applying 3D Printing Technology by the Engineer Troops of the Hungarian Defence Forces" } ["copyrightHolder"]=> array(1) { ["hu_HU"]=> string(83) "Daruka Norbert, Dénes Kálmán, Kovács Zoltán Tibor, Vég Róbert, Ember István" } ["locale"]=> string(5) "hu_HU" ["authors"]=> array(5) { [0]=> object(Author)#774 (6) { ["_data"]=> array(15) { ["id"]=> int(9992) ["email"]=> string(22) "daruka.norbi@gmail.com" ["includeInBrowse"]=> bool(true) ["publicationId"]=> int(7902) ["seq"]=> int(4) ["userGroupId"]=> int(99) ["country"]=> string(2) "HU" ["orcid"]=> string(37) "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7102-1787" ["url"]=> string(0) "" ["affiliation"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" ["hu_HU"]=> string(0) "" } ["biography"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" ["hu_HU"]=> string(0) "" } ["familyName"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" ["hu_HU"]=> string(6) "Daruka" } ["givenName"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" ["hu_HU"]=> string(7) "Norbert" } ["preferredPublicName"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" ["hu_HU"]=> string(0) "" } ["submissionLocale"]=> string(5) "hu_HU" } ["_hasLoadableAdapters"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataExtractionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_extractionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataInjectionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_injectionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) } [1]=> object(Author)#775 (6) { ["_data"]=> array(15) { ["id"]=> int(9993) ["email"]=> string(27) "denes.kalman.1975@gmail.com" ["includeInBrowse"]=> bool(true) ["publicationId"]=> int(7902) ["seq"]=> int(4) ["userGroupId"]=> int(99) ["country"]=> string(2) "HU" ["orcid"]=> string(37) "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2951-7172" ["url"]=> string(0) "" ["affiliation"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" ["hu_HU"]=> string(0) "" } ["biography"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" ["hu_HU"]=> string(0) "" } ["familyName"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" ["hu_HU"]=> string(6) "Dénes" } ["givenName"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" ["hu_HU"]=> string(8) "Kálmán" } ["preferredPublicName"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" ["hu_HU"]=> string(0) "" } ["submissionLocale"]=> string(5) "hu_HU" } ["_hasLoadableAdapters"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataExtractionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_extractionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataInjectionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_injectionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) } [2]=> object(Author)#770 (6) { ["_data"]=> array(15) { ["id"]=> int(9991) ["email"]=> string(16) "drkzt1@gmail.com" ["includeInBrowse"]=> bool(true) ["publicationId"]=> int(7902) ["seq"]=> int(4) ["userGroupId"]=> int(99) ["country"]=> string(2) "HU" ["orcid"]=> string(37) "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9098-1997" ["url"]=> string(0) "" ["affiliation"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" ["hu_HU"]=> string(0) "" } ["biography"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" ["hu_HU"]=> string(0) "" } ["familyName"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(7) "Kovács" ["hu_HU"]=> string(7) "Kovács" } ["givenName"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(13) "Zoltán Tibor" ["hu_HU"]=> string(13) "Zoltán Tibor" } ["preferredPublicName"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" ["hu_HU"]=> string(0) "" } ["submissionLocale"]=> string(5) "hu_HU" } ["_hasLoadableAdapters"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataExtractionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_extractionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataInjectionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_injectionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) } [3]=> object(Author)#716 (6) { ["_data"]=> array(15) { ["id"]=> int(9994) ["email"]=> string(22) "vegh.robert@uni-nke.hu" ["includeInBrowse"]=> bool(true) ["publicationId"]=> int(7902) ["seq"]=> int(4) ["userGroupId"]=> int(99) ["country"]=> string(2) "HU" ["orcid"]=> string(37) "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9786-6702" ["url"]=> string(0) "" ["affiliation"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" ["hu_HU"]=> string(0) "" } ["biography"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" ["hu_HU"]=> string(0) "" } ["familyName"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" ["hu_HU"]=> string(4) "Vég" } ["givenName"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" ["hu_HU"]=> string(7) "Róbert" } ["preferredPublicName"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" ["hu_HU"]=> string(0) "" } ["submissionLocale"]=> string(5) "hu_HU" } ["_hasLoadableAdapters"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataExtractionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_extractionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataInjectionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_injectionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) } [4]=> object(Author)#766 (6) { ["_data"]=> array(15) { ["id"]=> int(9995) ["email"]=> string(23) "ember.istvan@uni-nke.hu" ["includeInBrowse"]=> bool(true) ["publicationId"]=> int(7902) ["seq"]=> int(4) ["userGroupId"]=> int(99) ["country"]=> string(2) "HU" ["orcid"]=> string(37) "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9877-0366" ["url"]=> string(0) "" ["affiliation"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" ["hu_HU"]=> string(0) "" } ["biography"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" ["hu_HU"]=> string(0) "" } ["familyName"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" ["hu_HU"]=> string(5) "Ember" } ["givenName"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" ["hu_HU"]=> string(7) "István" } ["preferredPublicName"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" ["hu_HU"]=> string(0) "" } ["submissionLocale"]=> string(5) "hu_HU" } ["_hasLoadableAdapters"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataExtractionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_extractionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataInjectionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_injectionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) } } ["keywords"]=> array(1) { ["en_US"]=> array(5) { [0]=> string(22) "additive manufacturing" [1]=> string(11) "3D printing" [2]=> string(22) "3D printing capability" [3]=> string(9) "logistics" [4]=> string(12) "supply chain" } } ["subjects"]=> array(0) { } ["disciplines"]=> array(0) { } ["languages"]=> array(0) { } ["supportingAgencies"]=> array(0) { } ["galleys"]=> array(1) { [0]=> object(ArticleGalley)#746 (7) { ["_submissionFile"]=> NULL ["_data"]=> array(9) { ["submissionFileId"]=> int(40261) ["id"]=> int(6355) ["isApproved"]=> bool(false) ["locale"]=> string(5) "en_US" ["label"]=> string(3) "PDF" ["publicationId"]=> int(7902) ["seq"]=> int(0) ["urlPath"]=> string(0) "" ["urlRemote"]=> string(0) "" } ["_hasLoadableAdapters"]=> bool(true) ["_metadataExtractionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_extractionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataInjectionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_injectionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) } } } ["_hasLoadableAdapters"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataExtractionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_extractionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataInjectionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_injectionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) }Investigating the Place and Role of 3D Printing in Weapons Technology Education
3D printing as an industry no longer only contains opportunities but also challenges in the operation and maintenance of weapons and even more so in their training. Therefore, it became necessary to review this area and summarise the tasks.
" ["hu_HU"]=> string(291) "A 3D-nyomtatás mint gyártástechnológia már nemcsak lehetőséget, hanem kihívásokat is rejt a fegyverek üzemeltetésében és karbantartásában, sőt leginkább ezek oktatásában. Ezért szükségessé vált ennek a területnek az áttekintése és a feladatok összegzése.
" } ["title"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(79) "Investigating the Place and Role of 3D Printing in Weapons Technology Education" ["hu_HU"]=> string(87) "A 3D-nyomtatás helyének és szerepének vizsgálata a fegyverzettechnikai oktatásban" } ["copyrightHolder"]=> array(1) { ["hu_HU"]=> string(14) "Sebők István" } ["locale"]=> string(5) "hu_HU" ["authors"]=> array(1) { [0]=> object(Author)#767 (6) { ["_data"]=> array(15) { ["id"]=> int(9943) ["email"]=> string(24) "sebok.istvan78@gmail.com" ["includeInBrowse"]=> bool(true) ["publicationId"]=> int(7866) ["seq"]=> int(5) ["userGroupId"]=> int(99) ["country"]=> string(2) "HU" ["orcid"]=> string(37) "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3276-4078" ["url"]=> string(0) "" ["affiliation"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" ["hu_HU"]=> string(28) "a:1:{s:5:"hu_HU";s:3:"NKE";}" } ["biography"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" ["hu_HU"]=> string(0) "" } ["familyName"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" ["hu_HU"]=> string(6) "Sebők" } ["givenName"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" ["hu_HU"]=> string(7) "István" } ["preferredPublicName"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" ["hu_HU"]=> string(0) "" } ["submissionLocale"]=> string(5) "hu_HU" } ["_hasLoadableAdapters"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataExtractionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_extractionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataInjectionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_injectionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) } } ["keywords"]=> array(2) { ["hu_HU"]=> array(4) { [0]=> string(13) "3D-nyomtatás" [1]=> string(8) "oktatás" [2]=> string(7) "lőszer" [3]=> string(7) "fegyver" } ["en_US"]=> array(4) { [0]=> string(11) "3D printing" [1]=> string(9) "education" [2]=> string(10) "ammunition" [3]=> string(6) "weapon" } } ["subjects"]=> array(0) { } ["disciplines"]=> array(0) { } ["languages"]=> array(0) { } ["supportingAgencies"]=> array(0) { } ["galleys"]=> array(1) { [0]=> object(ArticleGalley)#782 (7) { ["_submissionFile"]=> NULL ["_data"]=> array(9) { ["submissionFileId"]=> int(40263) ["id"]=> int(6356) ["isApproved"]=> bool(false) ["locale"]=> string(5) "hu_HU" ["label"]=> string(3) "PDF" ["publicationId"]=> int(7866) ["seq"]=> int(0) ["urlPath"]=> string(0) "" ["urlRemote"]=> string(0) "" } ["_hasLoadableAdapters"]=> bool(true) ["_metadataExtractionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_extractionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataInjectionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_injectionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) } } } ["_hasLoadableAdapters"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataExtractionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_extractionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataInjectionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_injectionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) }Historical Overview of the Development of Respiratory Protection Devices in the Hungarian Fire Service and Civil Defence at the Turn of the 19th and 20th Century Part 3, Oxygen – Isolation
In the first and second parts of the article series presented the filter-like and filtering respiratory protective devices in the context of Hungarian firefighting and civil defence from the late 19th century to the first half of the 20th century. The third and final part introduces, the contemporary designs and capabilities of isolation and oxygen-based respiratory protective equipment, based on available literary knowledge. Additionally, it provides an overview of modern parallels with standardized compressed air devices and the current applicability of oxygen breathing apparatuses.
" ["hu_HU"]=> string(611) "A cikksorozat első és második részben bemutattuk a szűrő jellegű és szűrő típusú légzésvédő eszközöket magyar tűzoltói és légoltalmi vonatkozásban a 19. század végétől a 20. század első feléig. A harmadik és egyben befejező részben az izolációs, oxigénes légzésvédelmi eszközök korabeli kivitelét és képességeiket tekintjük át az elérhető irodalmi ismeretek kutatása alapján. Mindemellett ismertetjük a jelenkori párhuzamokat a rendszeresített sűrített levegős készülékekkel, valamint az oxigénlégzők alkalmazhatóságának mai viszonyaival.
" } ["subtitle"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(28) "Part 3, Oxygen – Isolation" ["hu_HU"]=> string(31) "3. rész, oxigénes-izolációs" } ["title"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(161) "Historical Overview of the Development of Respiratory Protection Devices in the Hungarian Fire Service and Civil Defence at the Turn of the 19th and 20th Century" ["hu_HU"]=> string(161) "A légzésvédelmi eszközök fejlődésének történeti áttekintése a magyar tűzoltóság és légoltalom szolgálatában a 19. és 20. század fordulóján" } ["copyrightHolder"]=> array(1) { ["hu_HU"]=> string(32) "Hózer Benjámin, Pántya Péter" } ["locale"]=> string(5) "hu_HU" ["authors"]=> array(2) { [0]=> object(Author)#786 (6) { ["_data"]=> array(15) { ["id"]=> int(9854) ["email"]=> string(24) "hozer.benjamin@gmail.com" ["includeInBrowse"]=> bool(true) ["publicationId"]=> int(7816) ["seq"]=> int(6) ["userGroupId"]=> int(99) ["country"]=> string(2) "HU" ["orcid"]=> string(37) "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2834-7183" ["url"]=> string(0) "" ["affiliation"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" ["hu_HU"]=> string(33) "a:1:{s:5:"hu_HU";s:8:"NKE-KMDI";}" } ["biography"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" ["hu_HU"]=> string(0) "" } ["familyName"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" ["hu_HU"]=> string(6) "Hózer" } ["givenName"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" ["hu_HU"]=> string(9) "Benjámin" } ["preferredPublicName"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" ["hu_HU"]=> string(0) "" } ["submissionLocale"]=> string(5) "hu_HU" } ["_hasLoadableAdapters"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataExtractionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_extractionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataInjectionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_injectionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) } [1]=> object(Author)#780 (6) { ["_data"]=> array(15) { ["id"]=> int(9855) ["email"]=> string(23) "pantya.peter@uni-nke.hu" ["includeInBrowse"]=> bool(true) ["publicationId"]=> int(7816) ["seq"]=> int(6) ["userGroupId"]=> int(99) ["country"]=> string(2) "HU" ["orcid"]=> string(37) "https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2732-2766" ["url"]=> string(0) "" ["affiliation"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" ["hu_HU"]=> string(30) "Nemzet Közszolgálati Egyetem" } ["biography"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" ["hu_HU"]=> string(0) "" } ["familyName"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" ["hu_HU"]=> string(7) "Pántya" } ["givenName"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" ["hu_HU"]=> string(6) "Péter" } ["preferredPublicName"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" ["hu_HU"]=> string(0) "" } ["submissionLocale"]=> string(5) "hu_HU" } ["_hasLoadableAdapters"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataExtractionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_extractionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataInjectionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_injectionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) } } ["keywords"]=> array(2) { ["hu_HU"]=> array(5) { [0]=> string(16) "légzésvédelem" [1]=> string(13) "munkavédelem" [2]=> string(16) "szakmatörténet" [3]=> string(13) "tűzoltóság" [4]=> string(11) "légoltalom" } ["en_US"]=> array(5) { [0]=> string(22) "respiratory protection" [1]=> string(30) "occupational health and safety" [2]=> string(25) "history of the profession" [3]=> string(12) "fire brigade" [4]=> string(20) "air raid precautions" } } ["subjects"]=> array(0) { } ["disciplines"]=> array(0) { } ["languages"]=> array(0) { } ["supportingAgencies"]=> array(0) { } ["galleys"]=> array(1) { [0]=> object(ArticleGalley)#773 (7) { ["_submissionFile"]=> NULL ["_data"]=> array(9) { ["submissionFileId"]=> int(40264) ["id"]=> int(6357) ["isApproved"]=> bool(false) ["locale"]=> string(5) "hu_HU" ["label"]=> string(3) "PDF" ["publicationId"]=> int(7816) ["seq"]=> int(0) ["urlPath"]=> string(0) "" ["urlRemote"]=> string(0) "" } ["_hasLoadableAdapters"]=> bool(true) ["_metadataExtractionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_extractionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataInjectionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_injectionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) } } } ["_hasLoadableAdapters"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataExtractionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_extractionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataInjectionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_injectionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) }The Role of Human Factors in the Effectiveness of Fire Alarm Systems
Fire alarm systems have undoubtedly become a major safety factor in today's facilities. Innovative solutions offered by fire alarm developers and manufacturers, together with mature regulations, create the possibility to provide the highest possible level of active fire protection, thus increasing the fire safety of the whole building. However, despite the wide range of technical solutions, it should be remembered that these devices are designed, installed and operated by people, and the ultimate aim of fire alarm is to warn people of a fire so that they can leave the building as quickly as possible. The human factor is crucial at several stages of the installation and operation of fire detection systems. The aim of our research is to investigate the role of human factors by means of questionnaire research, focusing on two affected groups. The two affected groups are the operators of the fire alarm control panels and the people occupying the building who must be evacuated in the event of a fire.
" ["hu_HU"]=> string(1081) "A tűzjelző berendezések kétségkívül meghatározó biztonságnövelő tényezővé váltak a mai létesítményekben. A tűzjelző eszközöket fejlesztők és gyártók által kínált innovatív megoldások a kiforrott előírásokkal együtt megteremtik a lehető legmagasabb szintű aktív tűzvédelem lehetőségét, növelve ezzel az egész épület tűzbiztonságát. A technikai megoldások széles tárháza ellenére nem szabad elfeledkeznünk arról, hogy ezeket a berendezéseket emberek tervezik, telepítik és kezelik, és a tűzjelzés fő célja is az emberek riasztása annak érdekében, hogy minél gyorsabban elhagyják az épületet tűz esetén. Az emberi tényező a tűzjelző berendezések létesítésének és üzemeltetésének több fázisában is meghatározó jelentőségű. Cikkünk kérdőíves kutatások segítségével vizsgálja az emberi tényezők szerepét két érintett csoportra fókuszálva. A két érintett csoport a tűzjelzőközpont-kezelők és maguk az épületben tartózkodó, tűz esetén kiürítendő emberek.
" } ["title"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(68) "The Role of Human Factors in the Effectiveness of Fire Alarm Systems" ["hu_HU"]=> string(74) "Az emberi tényezők szerepe a tűzjelző berendezések hatékonyságában" } ["copyrightHolder"]=> array(1) { ["hu_HU"]=> string(61) "Mohai Ágota Zsuzsanna, Szabó István László, Elek Barbara" } ["locale"]=> string(5) "hu_HU" ["authors"]=> array(3) { [0]=> object(Author)#781 (6) { ["_data"]=> array(15) { ["id"]=> int(10005) ["email"]=> string(21) "mohai.agota@gmail.com" ["includeInBrowse"]=> bool(true) ["publicationId"]=> int(7910) ["seq"]=> int(7) ["userGroupId"]=> int(99) ["country"]=> string(2) "HU" ["orcid"]=> string(37) "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6762-5625" ["url"]=> string(0) "" ["affiliation"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" ["hu_HU"]=> string(126) "Óbudai Egyetem, Bánki Donát Gépész és Biztonságtechnikai Mérnöki Kar, Biztonságtudományi és Kibervédelmi Intézet" } ["biography"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" ["hu_HU"]=> string(28) "egyetemi tanársegéd
" } ["familyName"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" ["hu_HU"]=> string(5) "Mohai" } ["givenName"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" ["hu_HU"]=> string(16) "Ágota Zsuzsanna" } ["preferredPublicName"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" ["hu_HU"]=> string(0) "" } ["submissionLocale"]=> string(5) "hu_HU" } ["_hasLoadableAdapters"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataExtractionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_extractionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataInjectionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_injectionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) } [1]=> object(Author)#784 (6) { ["_data"]=> array(15) { ["id"]=> int(10006) ["email"]=> string(20) "szil921027@gmail.com" ["includeInBrowse"]=> bool(true) ["publicationId"]=> int(7910) ["seq"]=> int(7) ["userGroupId"]=> int(99) ["country"]=> string(2) "HU" ["orcid"]=> string(37) "https://orcid.org/0009-0004-8700-6284" ["url"]=> string(0) "" ["affiliation"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" ["hu_HU"]=> string(0) "" } ["biography"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" ["hu_HU"]=> string(0) "" } ["familyName"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" ["hu_HU"]=> string(6) "Szabó" } ["givenName"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" ["hu_HU"]=> string(16) "István László" } ["preferredPublicName"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" ["hu_HU"]=> string(0) "" } ["submissionLocale"]=> string(5) "hu_HU" } ["_hasLoadableAdapters"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataExtractionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_extractionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataInjectionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_injectionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) } [2]=> object(Author)#790 (6) { ["_data"]=> array(15) { ["id"]=> int(10007) ["email"]=> string(29) "elek.barbara@bgk.uni-obuda.hu" ["includeInBrowse"]=> bool(true) ["publicationId"]=> int(7910) ["seq"]=> int(7) ["userGroupId"]=> int(99) ["country"]=> string(2) "HU" ["orcid"]=> string(37) "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7515-6374" ["url"]=> string(0) "" ["affiliation"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" ["hu_HU"]=> string(126) "Óbudai Egyetem, Bánki Donát Gépész és Biztonságtechnikai Mérnöki Kar, Biztonságtudományi és Kibervédelmi Intézet" } ["biography"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" ["hu_HU"]=> string(22) "egyetemi docens
" } ["familyName"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" ["hu_HU"]=> string(4) "Elek" } ["givenName"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" ["hu_HU"]=> string(7) "Barbara" } ["preferredPublicName"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" ["hu_HU"]=> string(0) "" } ["submissionLocale"]=> string(5) "hu_HU" } ["_hasLoadableAdapters"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataExtractionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_extractionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataInjectionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_injectionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) } } ["keywords"]=> array(2) { ["hu_HU"]=> array(4) { [0]=> string(34) "beépített tűzjelző berendezés" [1]=> string(11) "tűzjelzés" [2]=> string(11) "evakuálás" [3]=> string(21) "tűzvédelmi oktatás" } ["en_US"]=> array(4) { [0]=> string(17) "fire alarm system" [1]=> string(10) "fire alarm" [2]=> string(10) "evacuation" [3]=> string(21) "fire safety education" } } ["subjects"]=> array(0) { } ["disciplines"]=> array(0) { } ["languages"]=> array(0) { } ["supportingAgencies"]=> array(0) { } ["galleys"]=> array(1) { [0]=> object(ArticleGalley)#792 (7) { ["_submissionFile"]=> NULL ["_data"]=> array(9) { ["submissionFileId"]=> int(40265) ["id"]=> int(6358) ["isApproved"]=> bool(false) ["locale"]=> string(5) "hu_HU" ["label"]=> string(3) "PDF" ["publicationId"]=> int(7910) ["seq"]=> int(0) ["urlPath"]=> string(0) "" ["urlRemote"]=> string(0) "" } ["_hasLoadableAdapters"]=> bool(true) ["_metadataExtractionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_extractionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataInjectionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_injectionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) } } } ["_hasLoadableAdapters"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataExtractionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_extractionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataInjectionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_injectionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) }The Effect of Railway Electrification on the Passability of Hungary
The railway network of Hungary is very dense also in international comparison: as the total length of the network is 7,395 km, the aereal density is 8.00 km/100 km2, which is the sixth densest in the world. However, in other parameters it is far behind other countries as, for example, the railway electrification of Switzerland is 100% while of Hungary it is only 42.6%. In this study I investigated how the maximal possible value of freight traffic increases if not only the electrified but also the unelectrified lines are taken into account. This parameter is not only a good tool to quantify which railway lines should be electrified, but also to show how important the diesel engines for the country are.
" } ["title"]=> array(1) { ["en_US"]=> string(67) "The Effect of Railway Electrification on the Passability of Hungary" } ["copyrightHolder"]=> array(1) { ["hu_HU"]=> string(11) "Tóth Bence" } ["locale"]=> string(5) "en_US" ["authors"]=> array(1) { [0]=> object(Author)#783 (6) { ["_data"]=> array(14) { ["id"]=> int(9777) ["email"]=> string(21) "toth.bence@uni-nke.hu" ["includeInBrowse"]=> bool(true) ["publicationId"]=> int(7758) ["seq"]=> int(8) ["userGroupId"]=> int(99) ["country"]=> string(2) "HU" ["orcid"]=> string(36) "http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3958-187X" ["url"]=> string(0) "" ["affiliation"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(37) "National University of Public Service" ["hu_HU"]=> string(31) "Nemzeti Közszolgálati Egyetem" } ["biography"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(26) "assistant professor
" ["hu_HU"]=> string(16) "adjunktus
" } ["familyName"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(5) "Tóth" ["hu_HU"]=> string(5) "Tóth" } ["givenName"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(5) "Bence" ["hu_HU"]=> string(5) "Bence" } ["submissionLocale"]=> string(5) "en_US" } ["_hasLoadableAdapters"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataExtractionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_extractionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataInjectionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_injectionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) } } ["keywords"]=> array(1) { ["en_US"]=> array(5) { [0]=> string(15) "railway network" [1]=> string(12) "graph theory" [2]=> string(4) "flow" [3]=> string(8) "capacity" [4]=> string(14) "Hungarian Army" } } ["subjects"]=> array(0) { } ["disciplines"]=> array(0) { } ["languages"]=> array(0) { } ["supportingAgencies"]=> array(0) { } ["galleys"]=> array(1) { [0]=> object(ArticleGalley)#794 (7) { ["_submissionFile"]=> NULL ["_data"]=> array(9) { ["submissionFileId"]=> int(40266) ["id"]=> int(6359) ["isApproved"]=> bool(false) ["locale"]=> string(5) "en_US" ["label"]=> string(3) "PDF" ["publicationId"]=> int(7758) ["seq"]=> int(0) ["urlPath"]=> string(0) "" ["urlRemote"]=> string(0) "" } ["_hasLoadableAdapters"]=> bool(true) ["_metadataExtractionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_extractionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataInjectionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_injectionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) } } } ["_hasLoadableAdapters"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataExtractionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_extractionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataInjectionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_injectionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) }Statistical Analysis of Outdoor Waste Fires in Hungary
In Hungary, an average of 1,700 outdoor waste-related fires occur annually. The aim of the present study is to examine these fires at national level and draw the appropriate conclusions. The authors of this study seek to answer the question of what trends can be identified regarding the spatial and temporal distribution of fires. Whether recurring factors can be identified and possible ways to reduce them. How many illegal waste dumps are there in the country and what are the causes? The annual number of fires in landfill sites and the landfills most affected by outdoor fires will also be identified. Analytical work is presented through statistical figures, charts and GIS models.
" } ["title"]=> array(1) { ["en_US"]=> string(54) "Statistical Analysis of Outdoor Waste Fires in Hungary" } ["copyrightHolder"]=> array(1) { ["hu_HU"]=> string(68) "Hózer Benjámin, Kirovné Rácz Réka Magdolna, Kátai-Urbán Lajos" } ["locale"]=> string(5) "en_US" ["authors"]=> array(3) { [0]=> object(Author)#801 (6) { ["_data"]=> array(15) { ["id"]=> int(9972) ["email"]=> string(24) "hozer.benjamin@gmail.com" ["includeInBrowse"]=> bool(true) ["publicationId"]=> int(7888) ["seq"]=> int(9) ["userGroupId"]=> int(99) ["country"]=> string(2) "HU" ["orcid"]=> string(37) "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2834-7183" ["url"]=> string(0) "" ["affiliation"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" ["hu_HU"]=> string(33) "a:1:{s:5:"hu_HU";s:8:"NKE-KMDI";}" } ["biography"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" ["hu_HU"]=> string(0) "" } ["familyName"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(6) "Hózer" ["hu_HU"]=> string(6) "Hózer" } ["givenName"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(9) "Benjámin" ["hu_HU"]=> string(9) "Benjámin" } ["preferredPublicName"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" ["hu_HU"]=> string(0) "" } ["submissionLocale"]=> string(5) "en_US" } ["_hasLoadableAdapters"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataExtractionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_extractionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataInjectionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_injectionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) } [1]=> object(Author)#802 (6) { ["_data"]=> array(15) { ["id"]=> int(10625) ["email"]=> string(28) "kirovne.racz.reka@uni-nke.hu" ["includeInBrowse"]=> bool(true) ["publicationId"]=> int(7888) ["seq"]=> int(9) ["userGroupId"]=> int(99) ["country"]=> string(2) "HU" ["orcid"]=> string(37) "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8818-2539" ["url"]=> string(0) "" ["affiliation"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" ["hu_HU"]=> string(0) "" } ["biography"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" ["hu_HU"]=> string(0) "" } ["familyName"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(14) "Kirovné Rácz" ["hu_HU"]=> string(0) "" } ["givenName"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(14) "Réka Magdolna" ["hu_HU"]=> string(0) "" } ["preferredPublicName"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" ["hu_HU"]=> string(0) "" } ["submissionLocale"]=> string(5) "en_US" } ["_hasLoadableAdapters"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataExtractionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_extractionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataInjectionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_injectionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) } [2]=> object(Author)#789 (6) { ["_data"]=> array(15) { ["id"]=> int(10626) ["email"]=> string(22) "katai.lajos@uni-nke.hu" ["includeInBrowse"]=> bool(true) ["publicationId"]=> int(7888) ["seq"]=> int(9) ["userGroupId"]=> int(99) ["country"]=> string(2) "HU" ["orcid"]=> string(37) "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9035-2450" ["url"]=> string(0) "" ["affiliation"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" ["hu_HU"]=> string(0) "" } ["biography"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" ["hu_HU"]=> string(0) "" } ["familyName"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(13) "Kátai-Urbán" ["hu_HU"]=> string(0) "" } ["givenName"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(5) "Lajos" ["hu_HU"]=> string(0) "" } ["preferredPublicName"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" ["hu_HU"]=> string(0) "" } ["submissionLocale"]=> string(5) "en_US" } ["_hasLoadableAdapters"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataExtractionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_extractionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataInjectionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_injectionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) } } ["keywords"]=> array(1) { ["en_US"]=> array(5) { [0]=> string(10) "waste fire" [1]=> string(8) "landfill" [2]=> string(13) "open-air fire" [3]=> string(9) "statistic" [4]=> string(8) "GIS data" } } ["subjects"]=> array(0) { } ["disciplines"]=> array(0) { } ["languages"]=> array(0) { } ["supportingAgencies"]=> array(0) { } ["galleys"]=> array(1) { [0]=> object(ArticleGalley)#785 (7) { ["_submissionFile"]=> NULL ["_data"]=> array(9) { ["submissionFileId"]=> int(40267) ["id"]=> int(6360) ["isApproved"]=> bool(false) ["locale"]=> string(5) "en_US" ["label"]=> string(3) "PDF" ["publicationId"]=> int(7888) ["seq"]=> int(0) ["urlPath"]=> string(0) "" ["urlRemote"]=> string(0) "" } ["_hasLoadableAdapters"]=> bool(true) ["_metadataExtractionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_extractionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataInjectionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_injectionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) } } } ["_hasLoadableAdapters"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataExtractionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_extractionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataInjectionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_injectionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) }Evaluation of Nutrient Recovery Potential through Wastewater Reclamation for Irrigation
To cope with water scarcity, assessing the viability of applying treated wastewater for irrigation – while preserving nitrogen and phosphorus – is gaining growing importance. For this objective, a small-scale activated sludge system receiving concentrated sewage with water demand for irrigation during summer was examined. This paper evaluates the facility’s performance with various combinations of loading parameters using a probabilistic method, complying with a probability of 98% regarding requirements of organic matter removal and 79% concerning full nitrification. A sensitivity analysis was conducted where sludge age was shifted from 21 to 5 days during the irrigation period, allowing organic biodegradation while preserving nutrients in the water. Excess biological phosphorus removal could be observed at low aeration intensity; however, it became negligible as the dissolved oxygen concentration increased. Length of the transitional period from summer to winter operation regarding biomass activity was found to be approximately one week. Results of the study highlight the potential for reuse of treated municipal wastewater for irrigation, with robust operational performance and efficient retaining of nutrients in activated sludge plants.
" } ["title"]=> array(1) { ["en_US"]=> string(87) "Evaluation of Nutrient Recovery Potential through Wastewater Reclamation for Irrigation" } ["copyrightHolder"]=> array(1) { ["hu_HU"]=> string(15) "Bencsik Dániel" } ["locale"]=> string(5) "en_US" ["authors"]=> array(1) { [0]=> object(Author)#797 (6) { ["_data"]=> array(15) { ["id"]=> int(9642) ["email"]=> string(20) "bdani222@hotmail.com" ["includeInBrowse"]=> bool(true) ["publicationId"]=> int(7668) ["seq"]=> int(10) ["userGroupId"]=> int(99) ["country"]=> string(2) "HU" ["orcid"]=> string(37) "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1131-0317" ["url"]=> string(0) "" ["affiliation"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" ["hu_HU"]=> string(57) "a:1:{s:5:"hu_HU";s:31:"Nemzeti Közszolgálati Egyetem";}" } ["biography"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" ["hu_HU"]=> string(0) "" } ["familyName"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(7) "Bencsik" ["hu_HU"]=> string(7) "Bencsik" } ["givenName"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(7) "Dániel" ["hu_HU"]=> string(7) "Dániel" } ["preferredPublicName"]=> array(2) { ["en_US"]=> string(0) "" ["hu_HU"]=> string(0) "" } ["submissionLocale"]=> string(5) "en_US" } ["_hasLoadableAdapters"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataExtractionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_extractionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataInjectionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_injectionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) } } ["keywords"]=> array(1) { ["en_US"]=> array(5) { [0]=> string(10) "irrigation" [1]=> string(22) "mathematical modelling" [2]=> string(17) "nutrient recovery" [3]=> string(10) "wastewater" [4]=> string(14) "water scarcity" } } ["subjects"]=> array(0) { } ["disciplines"]=> array(0) { } ["languages"]=> array(0) { } ["supportingAgencies"]=> array(0) { } ["galleys"]=> array(1) { [0]=> object(ArticleGalley)#803 (7) { ["_submissionFile"]=> NULL ["_data"]=> array(9) { ["submissionFileId"]=> int(40268) ["id"]=> int(6361) ["isApproved"]=> bool(false) ["locale"]=> string(5) "en_US" ["label"]=> string(3) "PDF" ["publicationId"]=> int(7668) ["seq"]=> int(0) ["urlPath"]=> string(0) "" ["urlRemote"]=> string(0) "" } ["_hasLoadableAdapters"]=> bool(true) ["_metadataExtractionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_extractionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataInjectionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_injectionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) } } } ["_hasLoadableAdapters"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataExtractionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_extractionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) ["_metadataInjectionAdapters"]=> array(0) { } ["_injectionAdaptersLoaded"]=> bool(false) }