The Importance of Base Layer in Firefighting Operations

Abstract

The aim of this study is to examine how base layers worn by firefighters contribute to comfort, thermoregulation, and freedom of movement during interventions, and how appropriate material composition can support the effectiveness of protective clothing. The research involved testing a base layer set in real interventions and practical scenarios with the participation of firefighters. Usage was documented by the author using a standardised evaluation form assessing the key aspects of comfort, thermal performance, freedom of movement, and functionality. The results indicate that the garments performed favourably in terms of thermal sensation and movement comfort; however, durability and overall satisfaction point to further opportunities for improvement. The study highlights that testing base layers is a process in which practical experience plays a key role and which may, in the future, contribute to improving the ergonomic and safety performance of protective clothing. The author also briefly presents a technological innovation, emphasising that subjective user experience-based evaluation should, in the future, be complemented with objective measurement data.