A mesterséges intelligencia kialakulása és jogszabályi rendelkezéseinek kezdete
Copyright (c) 2025 Molnár Ákos Ádám

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Absztrakt
A mesterséges intelligencia (a továbbiakban: MI) a mindennapjaink szerves részévé vált, és átalakította a technológiával való interakcióinkat. A különböző hangalapú asszisztensektől kezdve a streaming platformokon vagy online webshopokon megjelenő személyre szabott ajánlatokon át egészen a munka világáig a mindennapi rutinunk számos aspektusát áthatja. Az MI képes automatizált feladatokat ellátni és hatalmas mennyiségű adatot elemezni, továbbá algoritmusok segítségével előrejelzéseket és különböző komplex döntéseket hozni, ezzel pedig az emberek munkáit leegyszerűsíteni, hatékonyabbá tenni, de mindenképp azt megváltoztatni. Úttörő technológia lévén rengeteg érv és ellenérv sorakozik fel a téma mellett, egyszerre vált ki szimpátiát és szkepticizmust is. Ennek érdekében az MI szabályozása és jogszabályi keretek közé szorítása napjaink egyik fontos jogalkotói feladata, mindezt azért, hogy felelősségteljes, etikus és elszámoltatható módon lehessen használni, miközben a társadalomra és az egyénre veszélyes kockázatokat minimalizáljuk.
Kulcsszavak:
Hogyan kell idézni
Hivatkozások
ANDREWS, Evan (2014): 7 Early Robots and Automatons. History.com, 2014. október 28. Online: https://www.history.com/news/7-early-robots-and-automatons
ARATÓ László (2023): Eldőlt, hogyan regulázza meg az EU – a világon elsőként – a mesterséges intelligencia használatát. HVG, 2023. december 11. Online: https://hvg.hu/360/20231211_EU_mesterseges_intelligencia_jogszabaly_MItorveny
Artificial Intelligence Has the Power to Destroy or Save Democracy. Council on Foreign Relations, 2017. augusztus 7. Online: https://www.cfr.org/blog/artificial-intelligence-has-power-destroy-or-save-democracy
Autonomous Weapons Open Letter: AI & Robotics Researchers. Future of Life Institute, 2016. február 9. Online: https://futureoflife.org/open-letter/open-letter-autonomous-weapons-ai-robotics/
BAKER, Stephen (1955): Final Jeopardy. Man vs. Machine and the Quest to Know Everything. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. Online: http://archive.org/details/finaljeopardyman0000bake
BAUM, Seth D. (2017): A Survey of Artificial General Intelligence Projects for Ethics, Risk, and Policy. Global Catastrophic Risk Institute Working Paper, 17-1. Online: https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3070741
BETZ, Sunny (2024): What Is Artificial General Intelligence? Built In, 2024. január 30. Online: https://builtin.com/artificial-intelligence/artificial-general-intelligence
BISWAL, Avijeet (2023): 7 Types of Artificial Intelligence That You Should Know in 2023. Simplilearn, 2023. február 13. Online: https://www.simplilearn.com.cach3.com/tutorials/artificial-intelligence-tutorial/types-of-artificial-intelligence.html
BETZ, Sunny (2024): 7 Types of Artificial Intelligence. Built In, 2025. augusztus 19. Online: https://builtin.com/artificial-intelligence/types-of-artificial-intelligence
CALVINO, Claudio et al. (2023): The Four Risks of the EU’s AI Act: Is Your Company Ready? FTI Consulting, 2023. július 25. Online: https://www.fticonsulting.com/insights/fti-journal/four-risks-eus-artificial-intelligence-act
ČAPEK, Karel (2013) [1921]: R. U. R. Rossum Univerzális Robotjai. Színdarab egy bevezető jelenetben és három felvonásban. Budapest: Quattrocento.
CIANCIOLO, Bethany – CHIA, Jessica (2023): Opinion: Here Are the Jobs AI Will Impact Most. CNN, 2023. szeptember 5. Online: https://www.cnn.com/2023/09/05/opinions/artificial-intelligence-jobs-labor-market/index.html
DEAN, Jeff – NG, Andrew (2012): Using Large-Scale Brain Simulations for Machine Learning and A.I. Blog.google, 2012. június 26. Online: https://blog.google/technology/ai/using-large-scale-brain-simulations-for/
Deep Learning vs. Machine Learning: Beginner’s Guide. Coursera, 2024. február 9. Online: https://www.coursera.org/articles/ai-vs-deep-learning-vs-machine-learning-beginners-guide
DEY, Annasha (2019): Story of Cleverbot and Rollo Carpenter. Your Tech Story, 2019. november 13. Online: https://www.yourtechstory.com/2019/11/13/success-story-of-cleverbot/
ESTELLA, Antonio (2023): Trust in Artificial Intelligence: Analysis of the European Commission Proposal for a Regulation of Artificial Intelligence. Indiana Journal of Global Legal Studies, 30(1), 39–64. Online: https://dx.doi.org/10.2979/gls.2023.a886162
Európai Parlament (2023): Az első uniós rendelet a mesterséges intelligenciáról. 2023. június 12. Online: https://www.europarl.europa.eu/news/hu/headlines/society/20230601STO93804/az-elso-unios-rendelet-a-mesterseges-intelligenciarol
European Commission [é. n.]: European Approach to Artificial Intelligence. Online: https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/policies/european-approach-artificial-intelligence
European Commission (2018): A Definition of Artificial Intelligence: Main Capabilities and Scientific Disciplines. 2018. december 18. Online: https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/library/definition-artificial-intelligence-main-capabilities-and-scientific-disciplines
Európai Bizottság (2021): Az Európai Parlament és a Tanács rendelete a mesterséges intelligenciára vonatkozó harmonizált szabályok (a mesterséges intelligenciáról szóló jogszabály) megállapításáról és egyes uniós jogalkotási aktusok módosításáról. COM(2021) 206 final. Online: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/HU/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:52021PC0206
Executive Order 14110. Safe, Secure, and Trustworthy Development and Use of Artificial Intelligence. Federal Register, 2023. október 30. Online: https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2023/11/01/2023-24283/safe-secure-and-trustworthy-development-and-use-of-artificial-intelligence
FEDERSPIEL, Frederik et al. (2022): Threats by Artificial Intelligence to Human Health and Human Existence. BMJ Global Health, 8(5), 1–6. Online: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2022-010435
FRUMER, Yulia (2020): The Short, Strange Life of the First Friendly Robot. IEEE Spectrum, 2020. május 21. Online: https://spectrum.ieee.org/the-short-strange-life-of-the-first-friendly-robot
Generative AI Could Raise Global GDP by 7%. Goldman Sachs, 2023. április 5. Online: https://www.goldmansachs.com/intelligence/pages/generative-ai-could-raise-global-gdp-by-7-percent.html
GREENEMEIER, Larry (2017): 20 Years after Deep Blue: How AI Has Advanced Since Conquering Chess. Scientific American, 2017. június 2. Online: https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/20-years-after-deep-blue-how-ai-has-advanced-since-conquering-chess/
GRIFFIN, Andrew (2017): Facebook’s Artificial Intelligence Robots Shut Down After They Start Talking to Each Other in Their Own Language. Independent, 2017. július 31. Online: https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/facebook-artificial-intelligence-ai-chatbot-new-language-research-openai-google-a7869706.html
Hanson Robotics [é. n.]: Sophia. Online: https://www.hansonrobotics.com/sophia/
HEMMENDINGER, David [é. n.]: LISP. Britannica. Online: https://www.britannica.com/technology/LISP-computer-language
IBM (2023): AI vs. Machine Learning vs. Deep Learning vs. Neural Networks: What’s the Difference? IBM, 2023. július 6. Online: https://www.ibm.com/think/topics/ai-vs-machine-learning-vs-deep-learning-vs-neural-networks
IBM [é. n.]: What Are Convolutional Neural Networks? Online: https://www.ibm.com/topics/convolutional-neural-networks
KHLAT, Myriam et al. (2004): Increased Prevalence of Depression, Smoking, Heavy Drinking and Use of Psycho-Active Drugs among Unemployed Men in France. European Journal of Epidemiology, 19, 445–451. Online: https://doi.org/10.1023/B:EJEP.0000027356.71414.bd
KIM, Jiwon – SHERER, James A. (2023): Decoding the Executive Order on the Safe, Secure, and Trustworthy Development and Use of Artificial Intelligence. Baker Data Counsel, 2023. november 28. Online: https://www.bakerdatacounsel.com/blogs/decoding-the-executive-order-on-the-safe-secure-and-trustworthy-development-and-use-of-artificial-intelligence/
KOBIE, Nicole (2019): The Complicated Truth about China’s Social Credit System. Wired, 2019. június 7. Online: https://www.wired.co.uk/article/china-social-credit-system-explained
KOK, et al. (2002): Knowledge for Sustainable Development: An Insight Into the Encyclopedia of Life Support Systems.
LAMBERT, James – CONE, Edward (2019): How Robots Change the World. London: Oxford Economics. Online: https://www.oxfordeconomics.com/resource/how-robots-change-the-world/
LORENZ-SPREEN, Philipp et al. (2022) A Systematic Review of Worldwide Causal and Correlational Evidence on Digital Media and Democracy. Nature Human Behaviour, 7, 74–101. Online: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-022-01460-1
MARR, Bernard (2018): The Amazing Ways Chinese Tech Giant Alibaba Uses Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning. Forbes, 2018. július 23. Online: https://www.forbes.com/sites/bernardmarr/2018/07/23/the-amazing-ways-chinese-tech-giant-alibaba-uses-artificial-intelligence-and-machine-learning/
MARTINEZ, Rex (2019): Artificial Intelligence: Distinguishing Between Types & Definitions. Nevada Law Journal, 19(3), 1015–1041. Online: https://scholars.law.unlv.edu/nlj/vol19/iss3/9
MOORE, Jina (2018): Cambridge Analytica Had a Role in Kenya Election, Too. The New York Times, 2018. március 20. Online: https://www.nytimes.com/2018/03/20/world/africa/kenya-cambridge-analytica-election.html
ONGSULEE, Pariwat (2017): Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning and Deep Learning. In 2017 15th International Conference on ICT and Knowledge Engineering (ICT&KE), 1–6. Online: https://doi.org/10.1109/ICTKE.2017.8259629
OPPY, Graham – DOWE, David (2003): The Turing Test. Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy Archive, 2003. április 9. Online: https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/win2021/entries/turing-test/
ORTIZ, Sabrina (2023): DALL-E 3, OpenAI’s Most Advanced Text-to-Image Model, Is Rolling out in Beta Now. ZDNet, 2023. október 18. Online: https://www.zdnet.com/article/openais-most-advanced-text-to-image-model-dalle-3-is-rolling-out-in-beta-now/
SHULMAN, Carl (2010): Omohundro’s „Basic AI Drives” and Catastrophic Risks. San Francisco, CA: The Singularity Institute. Online: https://intelligence.org/files/BasicAIDrives.pdf
SMITH, Stephenson S. et al. (1996): The New International Webster’s Comprehensive Dictionary of the English Language. Naples, FL: Trident Press International. Online: https://archive.org/details/newinternational0000unse_c7l3/page/n1975/mode/2up
STRYKER, Cole [é. n.]: What Is a Recurrent Neural Network (RNN)? Online: https://www.ibm.com/topics/recurrent-neural-networks
Techliance [é. n.]: Types of Artificial Intelligence: Categories of AI. Online: https://blog.techliance.com/types-of-artificial-intelligence/
The AlphaStar team (2019): AlphaStar: Mastering the Real-Time Strategy Game StarCraft II. Deepmind.google, 2019. január 24. Online: https://deepmind.google/discover/blog/alphastar-mastering-the-real-time-strategy-game-starcraft-ii/
The Current State of AI 2021: Report Now Available. Appen, 2021. július 15. Online: https://appen.com/blog/state-of-ai-and-machine-learning-2021-report/
The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica [é. n.]: Archytas of Tarentum. Online: https://www.britannica.com/biography/Archytas-of-Tarentum
The Ultimate Guide to Artificial Intelligence (AI): Definition, How It Works, Examples, History, & More. Tableau. Online: https://www.tableau.com/data-insights/ai/what-is
UNESCO [é. n.]: Ethics of Artificial Intelligence. Online: https://www.unesco.org/en/artificial-intelligence/recommendation-ethics
URI, John (2020): 90 Years of Our Changing Views of Earth. NASA, 2020. december 21. Online: https://www.nasa.gov/history/90-years-of-our-changing-views-of-earth/
What Is the History of Artificial Intelligence (AI)? Tableau. Online: https://www.tableau.com/data-insights/ai/history
YANG, May (2023): Executive Order on the Safe, Secure, and Trustworthy Development and Use of Artificial Intelligence. Ropes&Gray, 2023. november 13. Online: https://www.ropesgray.com/en/insights/alerts/2023/11/executive-order-on-the-safe-secure-and-trustworthy-development-and-use-of-artificial-intelligence