Robbanóanyag-kereső kutyák kiképzése TATP, HMTD felderítésére pszeudoszagminták alkalmazásával
Copyright (c) 2022 Pintér Ágnes
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Absztrakt
A robbanóanyagok felderítésének egyik leghatékonyabb eszköze a jól képzett kutya. Kiképzésük és alkalmazásuk terén a házi készítésű primer robbanóanyagok elterjedése új típusú kihívás elé állítja a szakállományt. Az alkalmazkodás a folyamatosan változó körülményekhez a sikeres alkalmazás kulcsa, ezért meg kell vizsgálni és értékelni kell a rendelkezésre álló megoldásokat. Ezek egyike a pszeudoszagminta alkalmazása, amelynek vannak előnyei és hátrányai. A szerző célja, hogy áttekintse az eddig megtett utat, amelynek végén a robbanóanyag-kereső kutyák alkalmasak lesznek a TATP és HMTD keresésére és felismerésére.
Kulcsszavak:
Hivatkozások
Balachandar, Kannan Gajendran – Arumugam Thangamani: Studies on Some of the Improvised Energetic Materials (IEMs): Detonation, Blast Impulse and TNT Equivalence Parameters. Oriental Journal of Chemistry, 35. (2019), 6. 1813–1823. Online: https://doi.org/10.13005/ojc/350626
Burks, Raychelle M. – D. S. Hage: Current Trends in the Detection of Peroxide-Based Explosives. Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, 395. (2009), 2. 301–313. Online: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-009-2968-5
Canino, Jonathan N.: Application of Polymer Systems to the Detection and Retention of Explosives. Dissertation. University of Rhode Island, 2014. Online: https://doi.org/10.23860/diss-canino-jonathan-2014
Chivers, C. J.: Quantity of Explosive Found in Belgium Surprises Officials. The New York Times, 2016. március 24. Online: https://www.nytimes.com/2016/03/24/world/europe/brussels-explosives-tatp.html
DeGreef, Lauryn E. – Michelle M. Cerreta – Christopher J. Katilie: Variation in the Headspace of Bulk Hexamethylene Triperoxide Diamine (HMTD) with Time, Environment, and Formulation. Forensic Chemistry, 4. (2017). 41– 50. Online: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forc.2017.03.001
Fenyeres Tamás: A robbanóanyagok kolorimetrikus vizsgálata. Repüléstudományi Közlemények, 24. (2012), 2. 387–408. Online: https://doi.org/10.32560/rk.2012.2.31
Furton, Kenneth G.: The Scientific Foundation and Efficacy of the Use of Canines as Chemical Detectors for Explosives. Talanta, 54. (2001), 3. 487–500. Online: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0039-9140(00)00546-4
Harper, Ross J. – José R. Almirall – Kenneth G. Furton: Identification of Dominant Odor Chemicals Emanating from Explosives for Use in Developing Optimal Training Aid Combinations and Mimics for Canine Detection. Talanta, 67. (2005), 2. 313–327. Online: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.talanta.2005.05.019
Hegedűs Katalin: Robbanóanyagok tömegspektrometriával történő felderítése és analízise. Műszaki Katonai Közlöny, 22. (2012), 3. 84–101. Online: https://doi.org/10.32562/mkk.2012.3.6
Helton, William S.: Canine Ergonomics The Science of the Working Dogs. Boca Raton, CRC Press, 2009. Online: https://doi.org/10.1201/9781420079920
Johnston, J. M.: Canine Detection Capabilities: Operational Implications of Recent R&D Findings. Institute for Biological Detection Systems, Auburn University, 1999.
Kranz, William. D.– Nicholas A. Strange – John V. Goodpaster: Fooling Fido – Chemical and Behavioral Studies of Pseudo-Explosive Canine Training Aids. Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, 406. (2014), 30. 7817–7825. Online: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-014-8240-7
Lazarowski, Lucia – Melanie L. Foster – Margaret E. Gruen – Barbara L. Sherman – Richard E. Fish – Norton W. Milgram – David C. Dorman: Olfactory Discrimination and Generalization of Ammonium Nitrate and Structurally Related Odorants in Labrador Retrievers. Animal Cognition, 18. (2015), 6. 1255–1265. Online: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10071-015-0894-9
Loctier, Denis – Michael Daventry: Discover the Spray Used by Belgian Police to Train Specialist Dogs at Airports. Euronews, 2019. október 28. Online: https://www.euronews.com/next/2019/10/28/discover-the-explosive-spray-used-by-belgian-police-to-train-specialist-dogs-at-airports
Lotspeich, Erica – Kelley Kitts – John Goodpaster: Headspace Concentration of Explosive Vapors in Containers Designed for Canine Testing and Training: Theory, Experiement and Canine Trials. Forensic Science International, 220. (2012), 1– 3. 130–134. Online: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forsciint.2012.02.009
Macias, Michael S. – Ross J. Harper – Kenneth G. Furton: A Comparison of Real versus Simulated VOCs for Reliable Detector Dog Training Usind SPME, GC/MS. American Biotechnology Laboratory, 26. (2008), 6. 26–27.
Marr, Andrew J. – David M. Groves: Ion Mobility Spectrometry of Peroxide Explosives TATP and HMTD. International Journal for Ion Mobility Spectrometry, 6. (2003), 2. 59–62.
Mitja Vahčič – David Anderson – John Seghers – Hanne Leys – Miguel Ruiz Oses – Grzegorz Rarata – Maximino Fernández García – Rosana Prados Román – Daniel Pellico Escudero: A Powdered Simulant of TATP for Safe Testing of X-ray Transmission Screening Equipment. Molecules, 25. (2020), 3. 1473. Online: https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25061473
Moore, Stephanie – William MacCrehan – Michele Schantz: Evaluation of Vapor Profiles of Explosives over Time Using ATASS (Automated Training Aid Simulation using SPME). Forensic Science International, 212. (2011), 1–3. 90–95. Online: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forsciint.2011.05.019
NATO C-IED Kiválósági Központ CIED COE/2016/12 nyilvántartási számú ügydarab
Oxley, Jimmie – James L. Smith – Jesse Moran – Ken Nelson – William E. Utley: Training Dogs to Detect Triacetone Triperoxide (TATP). In Proceedings of SPIE 5403, Sensors, and Command, Control, Communications, and Intelligence (C3I) Technologies for Homeland Security and Homeland Defense III. 2004. szeptember 15. Online: https://doi.org/10.1117/12.555791
Seabury, Edward H. – A. J. Caffrey: Explosive Detection and Identification by PGNAA. Idaho Falls, Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory, 2004. Online: https://doi.org/10.2172/911002
Sheldahl, Kevin: Bomb Dog Training Aid Evaluation. Leerburg, (é. n.). Online: https://leerburg.com/scentlogix.htm
Simon, Alison – Lucia Lazarowski – Melissa Singletary – Jason Barrow – Kelly Van Arsdale – Thomas Angle – Paul Waggoner – Kathleen Giles: A Review of the Types of Training Aids Used for Canine Detection Training. Frontiers in Veterinary Science, 7. (2020). 313. Online: https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2020.00313
Wells, K. – D. A. Bradley: A Review of X-ray Explosives Detection Techniques for Checked Baggage. Applied Radiation and Isotopes, 70. (2012), 8. 1729–1746. Online: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apradiso.2012.01.011
Yinon, Jehuda: Counterterrorist Detection Techniques of Explosives. Amsterdam, Elsevier, 2007. Online: https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-444-52204-7.X5017-2