The Basis and Practice of Crisis Communication for Critical Health Infrastructure in Selected Institutions of the Hungarian Health Sector
Copyright (c) 2025 László Christián, István Mészáros, Maxim Kátai-Urbán, Mátyás Simon, Tamás Palicz, Balázs Gergely Tiszolczi, János József Tóth
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Abstract
Critical system elements in the healthcare system operate continuously under all circumstances, which has implications for emergency planning in ensuring operational safety for system elements, minimising the occurrence of any incidents, and ensuring continued operation regardless of extraordinary events. This research involved a questionnaire survey of designated critical infrastructure in the Hungarian health sector, a review of crisis planning documents, and an exploration of practical experience and methodologies. The research identified infocommunication tools, systems, channels and methods that can be used with a currently appropriate level of technology and security in alerting, notifying and equipping participants in health care operations during crises, as well as for communication and messaging activities between intervention forces in the care environment and society generally.
Keywords:
How to Cite
References
Ashworth, I., El Dali, A., ElDeib, O., Altoub, A., Pasha, F. & Butt, T. (2015). Variability of Emergency Color Codes for Critical Events between Hospitals in Riyadh. Annals of Saudi Medicine, 35(6), 450–455. Online: https://doi.org/10.5144/0256-4947.2015.450
Avidan, V., Hersch, M., Spira, R. M., Einav, Sh., Goldberg, S. & Schecter, W. (2007). Civilian Hospital Response to a Mass Casualty Event: The Role of the Intensive Care Unit. The Journal of Trauma, 62(5), 1234–1239.
Online: https://doi.org/10.1097/01.ta.0000210483.04535.e0
Bang, H. N. (2020). An Overview of the Covid-19 Crisis Management in Cameroon: Decentralised Governance Response Needed. Annals of Disaster Risk Sciences, 3(2). Online: https://doi.org/10.51381/adrs.v3i2.34
Boin, A. & McConnell, A. (2007). Preparing for Critical Infrastructure Breakdowns: The Limits of Crisis Management and the Need for Resilience. Journal of Contingencies and Crisis Management, 15(1), 50–59. Online: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-5973.2007.00504.x
Bradley, D. T., McFarland, M. & Clarke, M. (2014). The Effectiveness of Disaster Risk Communication: A Systematic Review of Intervention Studies. PLoS Currents, 6. Online: https://doi.org/10.1371/currents.dis.349062e0db1048bb9fc3a3fa67d8a4f8
British Columbia Ministry of Health Services (s. a.). Standardized Hospital Colour Codes of British Columbia. Online: https://www2.gov.bc.ca/assets/gov/health/keeping-bc-healthysafe/health-emergency-response/standardized-hospital-colour-codes.pdf
Burnham, G. M. (2008). Disaster Definitions. In G. M. Burnham & E. C. Rand (Eds.), The Johns Hopkins and Red Cross and Red Crescent Public Health Guide in Emergencies (pp. 24–43). International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies.
Camacho, G. A., Cabello Cano, S. & Castillo Cruz, R. (2019). The Virtual Center of Operations in Emergencies and Disasters. Inter-American Conference on Social Security.
Comfort, L. K. (Ed.). (1988). Managing Disaster. Strategies and Policy Perspectives. Duke University Press.
Coombs, W. T. (1999). Ongoing Crisis Communication. Planning, Managing and Responding. Sage.
Council Directive 2008/114/EC of 8 December 2008 on the Identification and Designation of European Critical Infrastructures and the Assessment of the Need to Improve Their Protection
Curtin, T., Hayman, D. & Husein, N. (2005). Managing Crisis. A Practical Guide. Palgrave Macmillan.
Dauksewicz, B. W. (2019). Hospitals Should Replace Emergency Codes with Plain Language. Journal of Healthcare Risk Management, 38(3), 32–41. Online: https://doi.org/10.1002/jhrm.21346
De Calheiros Velozo, J. & Stauder, J. E. A. (2018). Exploring Social Media Use as a Composite Construct to Understand Its Relation to Mental Health: A Pilot Study on Adolescents. Children and Youth Services Review, 91, 398–402. Online: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2018.06.039
Dickmann, P., Biedenkopf, N., Keeping, S., Eickmann, M. & Becker, S. (2010). Risk Communication and Crisis Communication in Infectious Disease Outbreaks in Germany: What Is Being Done, and What Needs to be Done. Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness, 8(3), 206–211. Online: https://doi.org/10.1017/dmp.2014.36
Dobosz, S. (2020). Crisis, Communication, and Canadian Hospitals: An Analysis and Evaluation of Risk Preparedness and Crisis Communication Efforts of Ontario Hospitals. Canadian Journal of Communication, 45(3), 365–385. Online: https://doi.org/10.22230/cjc.2020v45n3a3591
EMMI Decree 43/2014 (VIII. 19.) on the Content Requirements of Healthcare Crisis Plans for Healthcare Institutions and the Amendment of Certain Ministerial Decrees on Health
FACT24 (2023, October 26). Product Overview. Online: https://fact24.f24.com/en/product/fact24-ens/
García-Betances, R. I. & Huerta, M. K. (2012). A Review of Automatic Patient Identification Options for Public Health Care Centers with Restricted Budgets. Online Journal of Public Health Informatics, 4(1), 1947–2579. Online: https://doi.org/10.5210/ojphi.v4i1.4011
Government Decision 2080/2008 (VI. 30.) on the National Program for Critical Infrastructure Protection
Government Decision 1249/2010 (XI. 19.) on Government Tasks to Be Carried Out to Comply with Council
Directive 2008/114/EC of 8 December 2008 on the Identification and Designation of European Critical Infrastructures and the Assessment of the Need to Improve Their Protection
Government Decree 65/2013 (III. 8.) on the Implementation of Act CLXVI of 2012 on the Identification, Designation, and Protection of Critical Systems and Facilities
Haddow, K. S. & Haddow, G. (2008). Disaster Communications in a Changing Media World. Butterworth-Heinemann.
Hanák, T. (2008). Katasztrófajelentési rendszerek. Hadmérnök, 3(2), 29–39. Online: http://hadmernok.hu/archivum/2008/2/2008_2_hanak.pdf
Hutchins, H. M., Annulis, H. & Gaudet, C. (2008). Crisis Planning: Survey Results from Hurricane Katrina and Implications for Performance Improvement Professionals. Performance Improvement Quarterly, 20(3–4), 27– 51. Online: https://doi.org/10.1002/piq.20002
Kardos, T. Zs. (2021). Az Egységes Digitális Rádió-távközlő Rendszer (EDR) továbbfejlesztési lehetőségei. Rendvédelem, 10(3), 12–18. Online: https://doi.org/10.53793/RV.2021.3.2
Kátai-Urbán, L., Mészáros, I. & Vass, Gy. (2019). Iparbiztonság, válsághelyzeti tervezés. In L. Major (Ed.), A katasztrófa-készenlét, a reagálás és a beavatkozásbiztonság egészségügyi alapjai (pp. 73–74). Semmelweis Kiadó.
Kátai-Urbán, L., Mészáros, I. & Vass, Gy. (2021). Egészségügyi kritikus infrastruktúrák biztonsága a koronavírus árnyékában. In Gy. Gaál & Z. Hautzinger (Eds.), Rendészet a rendkívüli helyzetekben: húsz éves a Szent László napi konferencia (pp. 87–97). Magyar Hadtudományi Társaság Határőr Szakosztály Pécsi Szakcsoport.
Kuris, Z. (2010). Az egységes digitális rádiórendszer (EDR) alkalmazásának lehetőségei a rendészeti szerveknél. Hadmérnök, 5(2), 310–321. Online: http://hadmernok.hu/2010_2_kuris.pdf
Lando, A. L. (2014). The Critical Role of Crisis Communication Plan in Corporations’ Crises Preparedness and Management. Global Media Journal, 7(1), 5–19.
Lee, H. J. & Lee, O. (2018). Perceptions of Hospital Emergency Color Codes among Hospital Employees in Korea. International Emergency Nursing, 40, 6–11. Online: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ienj.2018.03.005
Li, Y., Wang, X., Lin, X. & Hajli, M. (2018). Seeking and Sharing Health Information on Social Media: A Net Valence Model and Cross-Cultural Comparison. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 126, 28–40. Online: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2016.07.021
Liu, B. F., Fowler, B. M., Roberts, H. A., Petrun Sayers, E. L. & Egnoto, M. J. (2017). The Role of Communication in Healthcare Systems and Community Resilience. International Journal of Emergency Management, 13(4), 305–327. Online: http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/IJEM.2017.087218
Mackway‐Jones, K. & Carley, S. (2019). Major Incident Medical Management and Support. The Practical Approach in the Hospital. Wiley Blackwell.
Marathon TERRA (s. a.). Felhasználói kézikönyv. Online: https://docplayer.hu/14006111-1-bevezetes-marathonterra-felhasznaloi-kezikonyv.html
Mógor, J. (2011). A lakossági tájékoztatás és a nyilvánosság biztosításának kutatása a súlyos ipari balesetek elleni védekezésben. PhD Dissertation. Zrínyi Miklós Nemzetvédelmi Egyetem Katonai Műszaki Doktori Iskola. Online: http://193.224.76.4/download/konyvtar/digitgy/phd/2010/mogor_judit.pdf
Nudell, M. & Antokol, N. (1988). The Handbook for Effective Emergency and Crisis Management. Lexington Books.
Polgári Veszélyhelyzeti Információs Rendszer (s. a.). Online: https://2010-2014.kormany.hu/hu/belugyminiszterium/gazdasagi-es-informatikai-helyettes-allamtitkarsag/hirek/polgari-veszelyhelyzeti-informaciosrendszer
Regester, M. & Larkin, J. (2002). Risk Issues and Crisis Management. A Casebook of Best Practice (2nd ed.). Kogan Page.
Reynolds, B. S. & Seeger, M. W. (2012). Crisis and Emergency Risk Communication. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
Riplinger, L., Piera-Jiménez, J. & Pursley Dooling, J. (2020). Patient Identification Techniques – Approaches, Implications, and Findings. Yearbook of Medical Informatics, 29(1), 81–86. Online: https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1701984
Rosenthal, U., Boin, R. A. & Comfort, L. K. (2001). The Changing World of Crisis and Crisis Management. In U. Rosenthal, R. A. Boin & L. K. Comfort (Eds.), Managing Crises. Threats, Dilemmas and Opportunities (pp. 5–27). Charles C. Thomas.
Semmelweis Hírek (2020, December 7). Covid-informaciós vonalat hozott kétre a Semmelwis Egyetem a fekvőbetegek hozzátartozói részére. Semmelweis Egyetem Kommunikációs Igazgatósága. Online: https://semmelweis.hu/hirek/2020/12/07/covid-informacios-vonalat-hozott-letre-a-semmelweis-egyetema-fekvobetegek-hozzatartozoi-reszere/
Tase, T. H., Lourenção, D. C. A., Bianchini, S. M. & Tronchin, D. M. R. (2013). Patient Identification in Healthcare Organizations: An Emerging Debate. Revista Gaúcha de Enfermagem, 34(2), 196–200. Online: https://doi.org/10.1590/s1983-14472013000300025
‘t Hart, P. (1993). Symbols, Rituals and Power: The Lost Dimension in Crisis Management. Journal of Contingencies and Crisis Management, 1(1), 36–50. Online: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-5973.1993.tb00005.x
UN (2009). 2009 UNISDR Terminology on Disaster Risk Reduction. Online: http://www.undrr.org/quick/10973
Zaher, W. A., Faheem, A., Ganesan, S., Warren, K. & Koshy, A. (2021). Covid-19 Crisis Management: Lessons from the United Arab Emirates Leaders. Frontiers in Public Health, 9. Online: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2021.724494
