Out of Office?
Analysis of Computer-Mediated Communication Tools within Organisational Communication Strategies: Remote Working Style
Absztrakt
Most of the organisations have started to challenge the remote working process after the pandemic. It is very important to keep the employees motivated and satisfied during remote work. In this sense, the organisational communication structure of a company plays a major role. But it is still questionable how computer-mediated communication affects employees’ motivation as a tool of organisational communication. The aim of this research is to examine computer-mediated communication as a tool of organisational communication on motivation and satisfaction of employees in remote working processes. The applied methodology of this research is in-depth interviews with remote workers for more than one year. According to the results, it can be stated that the motivation of remote working employees is usually dependent on the correct organisational communication structure. Since they always use computer-mediated communication to communicate with team members and managers, it is essential to have a correct organisational communication flow to build a healthy working atmosphere. As a conclusion, the present study mentions that organisations need to constitute the environment of satisfaction and motivation towards other team members and must try to create a trustable and comfortable communication flow through emerging communication technologies.
Kulcsszavak:
Hogyan kell idézni
Hivatkozások
Algarni, Abeer 2014: Video Conferencing Technology for Distance Learning in Saudi Arabia: Current Problems, Feasible Solutions and Developing an Innovative Interactive Communication System Based on Internet and WiFi Technology for Communication Enhancement. Doctoral Dissertation. Durham University.
Alhaji, Idris Adamu – Yusoff, Wan Fauziah bt Wan 2012: Does Motivational Factor Influence Organizational Commitment and Effectiveness? A Review of Literature. E3 Journal of Business Management and Economics 3/1: 001–009.
Anders, Abram 2016: Team Communication Platforms and Emergent Social Collaboration Practices. International Journal of Business Communication 53/2: 224–261. Online: https://doi.org/10.1177/2329488415627273
Apollo Technical 2023. Online: https://www.apollotechnical.com/statistics-on-remote-workers/
Azmy, Ahmad – Risza, Handi – Adhykusuma, Arief 2022: Implications of Work Motivation, Employee Discipline, and Compensation on Employee Performance while Working from Home at a Digital Marketing Company. Jurnal Manajemen dan Pemasaran Jasa 15/1: 13–36. Online: https://doi.org/10.25105/jmpj.v15i1.12791
Bedoya, Ever 2021: Leadership Influence on the Relationship between Communication Satisfaction and Job Satisfaction in Computer-Mediated Communication Environments. Journal of Business and Retail Management Research 15/2. Online: https://doi.org/10.24052/JBRMR/V15IS02/ART-03
Bickle, Jason T. – Hirudayaraj, Malar – Doyle, Alaina 2019: Social Presence Theory: Relevance for HRD/VHRD Research and Practice. Advances in Developing Human Resources 21/3: 383–399. Online: https://doi.org/10.1177/1523422319851477
Bishop, Libby – Levine, David I. 1999: Computer-Mediated Communication as Employee Voice: A Case Study. Industrial and Labor Relations Review 52/2: 213–233. Online: https://doi.org/10.2307/2525163
Bob, Kenrick – Sooknanan, Prahalad 2014: The Impact of Computer Mediated Communication (CMC) on Productivity and Efficiency in Organizations: A Case Study of an Electrical Company in Trinidad and Tobago. Advances in Journalism and Communication 2/2: 45–51. Online: https://doi.org/10.4236/ajc.2014.2222005
Borca, Cristina – Baesu, Viorica 2014: A Possible Managerial Approach for Internal Organizational Communication Characterization. Procedia. Social and Behavioral Sciences 124, 496–503. Online: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.02.512
Chimah, Jonathan – Ugwu, Okechukwu – Nwokocha, Udo 2014: Application Venues of Computer-Mediated Communication (CMC): Analytical Review. International Journal of Engineering Research and Technology 3/1: 3504–3509.
Cho, Hee-Kyung – Trier, Matthias – Kim, Eunhee 2005: The Use of Instant Messaging in Working Relationship Development: A Case Study. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication 10/4. Online: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1083-6101.2005.tb00280.x
De Freitas Michelin, Claudia – Minello, Italo Fernando – Siluk, Julio Cezar Mairesse –Gerhardt, Vinícius Jaques – de Souza Savian, Fernando – Garlet, Taís Bisognin 2023: Analysis of Entrepreneurial Behaviour in Incubated Technology-Based Companies. Business Systems Research Journal 14/1: 54–71. Online: https://doi.org/10.2478/bsrj-2023-0003
Derks, Daantje – Fischer, Agneta H. – Bos, Arjan E. R. 2008: The Role of Emotion in Computer-Mediated Communication: A Review. Computers in Human Behavior 24/3: 766–785. Online: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2007.04.004
Dündar, Süleyman – Özutku, Hatice – Taşpınar, Fatih 2007: İçsel ve dışsal motivasyon araçlarının işgörenlerin motivasyonu üzerindeki etkisi: Ampirik bir inceleme. Gazi Üniversitesi Ticaret ve Turizm Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi 2: 105–119.
Ehsan, Nadeem – Mirza, Ebtisam – Ahmad, Muhammad 2008: Impact of Computer-Mediated Communication on Virtual Teams’ Performance: An Empirical Study. 2008 International Symposium on Information Technology, Kuala Lumpur, 26–28 August 2008. 1–8. Online: https://doi.org/10.1109/ITSIM.2008.4632068
Ferreira, Rafael – Pereira, Ruben – Bianchi, Isaías Scalabrin – Mira da Silva, Miguel 2021: Decision Factors for Remote Work Adoption: Advantages, Disadvantages, Driving Forces and Challenges. Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity 7/1. Online: https://doi.org/10.3390/joitmc7010070
Flores, Marivic F. 2019: Understanding the Challenges of Remote Working and It’s Impact to Workers. International Journal of Business Marketing and Management 4/11: 40–44.
Giedraitis, Algirdas – Romeryte-Sereikiene, Rasa – Vaiksnoras, Modestas 2023: Product Quality (PQ) Identification in Manufacturing Companies: The Perspective of Managers and Executives. Vadyba Journal of Management 39/2: 15–22. Online: https://doi.org/10.38104/vadyba.2023.2.02
Goldhaber, Gerald M. – Porter, D. Thomas – Yates, Michael P. – Lesniak, Richard 1978: Organizational Communication. Human Communication Research 5/1: 76–96. Online: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2958.1978.tb00624.x
Griffee, Dale T. 2005: Research Tips: Interview Data Collection. Journal of Developmental Education 28/3: 36–37.
Guo, Jiabao – Ergovan, Emilio – Seitl, Victor 2021: Remote Work and Leadership during the Covid-19 Pandemic: An Exploratory Study on How Remote Work Is Affecting Leadership Styles and Employee Motivation. Thesis. Jönköping University.
Hedström, Philip – Munoz, Mario Gonzalez 2021: Remote Work’s Effect on Motivation. A Study of How Remote Work during the Covid-19 Pandemic Has Affected Employee Motivation. MA Thesis. KTH Royal Institute of Technology, School of Industrial Engineering and Management.
Ivancevich, John M. – Matteson, Michael T. – Konopaske, Robert 1990: Organizational Behavior and Management. New York: McGraw-Hill.
Jain, Ankur – Gupta, Bhuwan – Bindal, Meenakshi 2019: A Study of Employee Motivation in Organization. International Journal of Engineering and Management Research 9/6: 65–68. Online: https://doi.org/10.31033/ijemr.9.6.11
Jalagat, Revenio 2016: The Impact of Change and Change Management in Achieving Corporate Goals and Objectives: Organizational Perspective. International Journal of Science and Research 5/11: 1233–1239.
Jalagat, Revenio – Jalagat, Almalinda 2019: Rationalizing Remote Working Concept and Its Implications on Employee Productivity. Global Journal of Advanced Research 6/3: 95–100.
Jawabri, Adnan – Alarmoti, Ayman – Rehman, Waheedur 2022: Impact of Remote Working Environment on Employee Motivation, Engagement, and Job Satisfaction: A Study of Service Sector from UAE. Business and Economic Research 12/1: 82–98. Online: https://doi.org/10.5296/ber.v12i1.19679
Jiang, Hua – Men, Rita Linjuan 2017: Creating an Engaged Workforce: The Impact of Authentic Leadership, Transparent Organizational Communication, and Work-Life Enrichment. Communication Research 44/2: 225–243. Online: https://doi.org/10.1177/0093650215613137
Kalogiannidis, Stavros 2021: Impact of Employee Motivation on Organizational Performance. A Scoping Review Paper for Public Sector. The Strategic Journal of Business and Change Management 8/3: 984–996. Online: https://doi.org/10.61426/sjbcm.v8i3.2064
Kelvin-Iloafu, Lovlyn Ekeowa 2016: The Role of Effective Communication in Strategic Management of Organizations. International Journal of Humanities and Social Science 6/12: 93–99.
Keyton, Joann 2011: Communication and Organizational Culture. A Key to Understanding Work Experiences. Thousand Oaks: SAGE.
Kim, Hyo – Kim, Gwang Jae – Park, Han Woo – Rice, Ronald E. 2007: Configurations of Relationships in Different Media: FtF, Email, Instant Messenger, Mobile Phone, and SMS. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication 12/4: 1183–1207. Online: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1083-6101.2007.00369.x
Knott, Eleanor – Rao, Aliya Hamid – Summers, Kate – Teeger, Chana 2022: Interviews in the Social Sciences. Nature Reviews Methods Primers 2/73: 1–15. Online: https://doi.org/10.1038/s43586-022-00150-6
Krypa, Marigonë 2017: The Importance of Communication, Cooperation of the Leader in the Process of Leadership in Education. European Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies 2/1: 7–14. Online: https://doi.org/10.26417/ejms.v4i1.p7-14
Kumar, Anil K. – Natarajan, Subhashree – Acharaya, Biswajit 2017: Computer Mediated Communication: A Pathway to Analyze Social Media Communication Trajectories. Man in India 97/4: 195–205.
Laakko, Kati 2021: Pandemic’s Impact on Employees’ Motivation towards Remote Work. Bachelor’s Thesis. Haaga-Helia University of Applied Sciences.
Lartey, Franklin M. – Randall, Phillip M. 2021: Indicators of Computer-Mediated Communication Affecting Remote Employee Engagement. Journal of Human Resource and Sustainability Studies 9/1: 82–92. Online: https://doi.org/10.4236/jhrss.2021.91006
Lee, Cheng Ean 2011: Computer-Mediated Communication and Organisational Communication: The Use of New Communication Technology in the Workplace. The Journal of the Southeast Asia Research Centre for Communication and Humanities 3: 1–12.
Lohat, Sonu 2014: Communication through Structured Significations at Public Places. International Journal of Linguistics and Communication 2/1: 81–95.
Lunenburg, Fred C. 2010: Communication: The Process, Barriers, and Improving Effectiveness. Schooling 1/1: 1–11.
Luppicini, Rocci 2007: Review of Computer Mediated Communication Research for Education. Instructional Science 35: 141–185. Online: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11251-006-9001-6
McTaggart, Valerie – McLaughlin, Christopher 2020: Remote Working the New Reality. Paper presented at the 14th European Institute for Advanced Studies in Management, Colloquium on Organisational Change and Development, Brussels, Belgium.
Monge, Peter – Poole, Marshall Scott 2008: The Evolution of Organizational Communication. Journal of Communication 58/4: 679–692. Online: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2466.2008.00408.x
Moslem, Sarbast – Çelik, Gözde Tantekin. 2016: İş Tatmininin Çalışan Motivasyonu Üzerine Etkileri: Türk İnşaat Sektöründe Bir Araştırma. Çukurova Üniversitesi Mühendislik-Mimarlık Fakültesi Dergisi, 31/1: 135–142. Online: https://doi.org/10.21605/cukurovaummfd.317744
Nwata, Ulunwa Philip – Umoh, G. I. – Amah, Edwinah 2016: Internal Organizational Communication and Employees’ Performance in Selected Banks in Port Harcourt. International Journal of Novel Research in Humanity and Social Sciences 3/3: 86–95.
Nwoko, Charles – Yazdani, Khashayar 2022: Enforced Remote Work During the Covid-19 Pandemic: The Relationship between Remote Working Intensity and Employee Motivation Using a Structural Equation Modelling Approach. Journal of Entrepreneurship, Business and Economics 10/2S2: 165–200.
O’Donovan, Tim 1998: The Impact of Information Technology on Internal Communication. Education and Information Technologies 3: 3–26. Online: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1009618920604
Oliver, Jonathan 2021: How Remote Work is Shaking Up the U.S. Workforce: Research on the Recent Shift to Remote Work. Finance Undergraduate Honors Theses. Online: https://scholarworks.uark.edu/finnuht/61
Opdenakker, Raymond 2006: Advantages and Disadvantages of Four Interview Techniques in Qualitative Research. Forum: Qualitative Social Research / Sozialforschung 7/4. Online: https://doi.org/10.17169/fqs-7.4.175
Oreoluwa, Idogun Mobolaji – Bulus, Felicia – Olayinka, Oladapo Ishola – Owokotomo Olawande, Abigail – Oladoye Obaloluwa, John 2023: Impact of Organizational Communication on Teacher’s Job Satisfaction. International Journal of Scientific Research Updates 06/01: 067–075. Online: https://doi.org/10.53430/ijsru.2023.6.1.0059
Osabiya, Babatunde Joseph 2015: The Effect of Employees’ Motivation on Organizational Performance. Journal of Public Administration and Policy Research 7/4: 62–75. Online: https://doi.org/10.5897/JPAPR2014.0300
Panaitescu, Manuela – Chiru, Gheorghe 2023: The Communication – An Important Factor in Organizational Management. EIRP Proceedings 18/1: 535–538.
Putri, Andhita Vidya – Irwansyah, Irwansyah 2020: Communication Patterns and Media Technology Role in Organization and Society During Pandemic. The Journal of Society and Media 4/2: 228–261. Online: https://doi.org/10.26740/jsm.v4n2.p228-261
Rahaman, Md. Atikur – Ali, Md. Julfikar – Wafik, H. M. Atif – Mamoon, Zahidur Rahman – Islam, Md. Monwarul 2020: What Factors Do Motivate Employees at the Workplace? Evidence from Service Organizations. The Journal of Asian Finance Economics and Business 7/12: 515–521. Online: https://doi.org/10.13106/jafeb.2020.vol7.no12.515
Rajhans, Kirti 2009: Effective Organizational Communication: A Key to Employee Motivation and Performance. Interscience Management Review 2/2: 145–149. Online: https://doi.org/10.47893/IMR.2009.1040
Rhoads, Mohja 2010: Face-to-Face and Computer-Mediated Communication: What Does Theory Tell Us and What Have We Learned so Far? Journal of Planning Literature 25/2: 111–122. Online: https://doi.org/10.1177/0885412210382984
Robertsson, Anton 2019: The Importance of Communication During Organizational Transformation. A Case Study at AstraZeneca about Communication Barriers. Stockholm: KTH Royal Institute of Technology, School of Industrial Engineering and Management.
Rogers, Katherine 2022: The Effects of Remote Work on Organizational Culture: Examining the Effects of External Social Support to Mitigate Social Isolation within Organizations. Master of Science Thesis. University of Tennessee.
Romiszowski, Alexander – Mason, Robin 2004: Computer-mediated Communication. In: Jonassen, David – Driscoll, Marcy (eds.): Handbook of Research on Educational Communications and Technology. New York: Routledge. 438–456. Online: https://doi.org/10.4324/9781410609519
Sadia, Aysha – Salleh, Berhannudin Mohd – Kadir, Zulida Abdul – Sanif, Sazuliana 2016: The Relationship between Organizational Communication and Employees Productivity with New Dimensions of Effective Communication Flow. Journal of Business and Social Review in Emerging Economies 2/2: 93–100. Online: https://doi.org/10.26710/jbsee.v2i2.35
Savolainen, Reijo 2017: Information Sharing and Knowledge Sharing as Communicative Activities. Information Research 22/3.
Sirait, Emyana Ruth Eritha – Zellatifanny, Cut Medika 2020: An Empirical Study: Computer-Mediated Communication and Collaboration among Government Employees during Flexible Working Arrangements. 2020 International Conference on Information Technology Systems and Innovation (ICITSI), Bandung, Indonesia, 19–23 October 2020, 95–100. Online: https://doi.org/10.1109/ICITSI50517.2020.9264968
Tate, Tywanda D. – Lartey, Franklin M. – Randall, Phillip M. 2019: Relationship between Computer-Mediated Communication and Employee Engagement among Telecommuting Knowledge Workers. Journal of Human Resource and Sustainability Studies 7/2: 328–347. Online: https://doi.org/10.4236/jhrss.2019.72021
Varma, Chandrakant 2017: Importance of Employee Motivation and Job Satisfaction for Organizational Performance. International Journal of Social Science and Interdisciplinary Research 6/2: 10–20.
Walther, Joseph B. 2011: Theories of Computer-Mediated Communication and Interpersonal Relations. In: Knapp, Mark L. – Daly, John A. (eds.): The Handbook of Interpersonal Communication. Thousand Oaks: SAGE. 443–479.
Welch, Mary – Jackson, Paul R. 2007: Rethinking Internal Communication: A Stakeholder Approach. Corporate Communications: An International Journal 12/2: 177–198. Online: https://doi.org/10.1108/13563280710744847
Yang, Longqi – Holtz, David – Jaffe, Sonia – Suri, Siddharth – Sinha, Shilpi – Weston, Jeffrey – Joyce, Connor – Shah, Neha – Sherman, Kevin – Hecht, Brent – Teevan, Jaime 2022: The Effects of Remote Work on Collaboration among Information Workers. Nature Human Behaviour 6: 43–54. Online: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-021-01196-4
Yin, Bin – Wu, Shu-Qi 2023: Enhancing Organizational Communication via Intelligent Voice Assistant for Knowledge Workers: The Role of Perceived Supervisor Support, Psychological Capital, and Employee Wellbeing. Frontiers in Communication 7: 1–11. Online: https://doi.org/10.3389/fcomm.2022.1084703
Zorlu, Kürşad – Korkmaz, Fatma 2021: Organizational Communication as an Effective Communication Strategy in Organizations and the Role of the Leader. In: Dincer, Hasan – Yüksel, Serhat (eds.): Management Strategies to Survive in a Competitive Environment. How to Improve Company Performance. Cham: Springer. 305–320. Online: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-72288-3_21